US1036575A - Computing device. - Google Patents

Description

H. DAEMEN-SGHMID.

'COMPUTING DEVICE. 'ABPLIGATION FILED 'JULY 2s,19o8.

Patented Aug. 27,1912.I

- a sums-SEHEN.

STO@

H. DAEMEN-SGHMID.

COMPUTING DEVICE.

APPLIoATI'oN FILED JULY2s,19oa.

'1,036,575'. l Patented Aug.27,1912.

j UiviTE-D sTATEs PATENT oren; .3, i

HEINRICH DAEiviEN-soiiiviin, or oERLiKoiv, NEAR ZRICH, sWiTznitLaiin.

COMIUTING DEVICE.

To all whom'flt may concern:

Be it known that I, HEINRICH DAEMrN SCHMiD, a Vcitiren of the German Empire,

and residing at Oerlikon, near 'Zi'irich,:

plex problems may easily be solved, obviat,

ing thereby the intricacies ofthe computing scales known heretofore.

With these and other objects in view the invention consists of certain novel featui'es of construction, combination and arrangement of parts as will be more fully described'-and particularly pointed outl in the `appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings Figure l shows the apparatus with some parts re moved in a front elevation, the cylinder with'half diawn out slide being'raised to its vertical position. Fig. 2' is a side view of the complete instrument. Fig, 3 is a lfront view of the apparatus projected upon a plane at elevation from a horizontal- Figs. 4, 5, 6 show three different plane. nieansof connecting the ends-of the interchangeable mantle bearing on its surface the common logarithmic cylinder scale. Figs. `7 and 8 showl -two braking devices in section'. Figs. 9, l0 and 1l show by wayof example 'three cross sections of graduated slide bars with movable pointers. Figs. 1Q, 13 and 14 show by way ofexample three different forms of removable pointers adapted tobe set on or betweenthe bars -of the slide.A v

v`The instrument has a cylinder. b rotatably mounted in the standards ddl fixed to a base o. One bearing 'g is hinged to the standard d, while the other is an open bearing. The axle of-the cylinder b is further provided on its'left hand side with a knob p in the well known manner: IBy pressing knobpl down the bearing g will tilt over and the cylinder raised to the position shown in Fig. l.

The cylinder-"7J bears an interchangeable -tabulato'rv mantle a. On its surface the Specification oi' Letters Patent'. Application med July 2s,

ieosx seriai Ne. 445,838.1

`i-atented Aug. a7, 1912.

values of the common'logarithms of numbers are ymarked ofi in parallel lines in the well known manner. This graduation will hereinafter shortly be called logarithmic cylinder scale. The mantle'a can be made of any suitable material for instance of sheet metal, or of sheet metal in. combination with fabrics, paper, Celluloid, etc. If the mantle is formed from a band rolled to a cylinder, the joints or seams are preferably made as shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6 but I wish it clearlyiinderstood that I do not confine my invention to these specific maniiers of joining as -other joints may prove evenly goodaccordin'g to thematerial used. The jointshown in Fig. 4 consists of a strip r of hard material on to which the'ends of the mantle t are giimmed or soldered, etc. As shown in Fig. 6 the ends ofthe mantle bend over each other. The cylinder is provided `witlia groove adaptedl to receive the joints of the mantle a whereby the maiitle may easily ybe changed, at any time.

In calculating machines having cylinders provided with logarithmic graduations it is more-neoessa-ry than in machines with other gradnations, "that the sheet vbearing the graduatedv scale should always occupy the same position with respect t-o the cylinder and that those vedges of' thesheet which te adj aceiit the joint, that is the abutting t is, should be kept in strictalinement. .ser this purposev the edges of the mantle beariiig the graduation are permanently joined, as clearly shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6 of the drawing, althou li the entire mantle may be removed from die cylinder. i'

VThe slide c is an 'open framework composed of bars', s fixed with their ends to metal vrings t and 't1 which have a good slid-v ing iiton the mantle a, so thatI the slide may be moved in rotary and longitudinal direc-` tions. The bars s may-have cross sections as shown by way of example in Figs. 9, 10

or l1. The bars bear a graduation repre` senting the common logarithme of numbers. This graduation is called hereinafter the logarithmic slide scale. The bars s2 and s3 shown in Figs. 1 0 andll bear two different graduations for instancethey may have on one face m the logarithmic slide scale While the other face 'y bears the same scale but on a reversed direction. Another modification" is that while the face .fr of the bars bears the logarithmic scale the other face.. yV bears lnumbers for instance She ratesy of interest like soft material.

placed opposite to the corresponding nuf meri tal value of the slide scale. `The division lines in such instances are prolonged over the edges right into the face ai. Above each bar s a wire u may be arranged fixed into the two rings t, t1 and carrying one or more pointers r, as shown in Figs. 9, l() and l1. rlhe pointers '1), Figs. 9, l() and ll are slidably mounted on the wires u and run overthe divisions of the bars. The pointers 'v1 and 7a2-shown in Figs. 12 and 13 ride removably onthe bars and can be easily taken ott, if not required. Fig. 1l shows a pointer 'v3 adapted to be placed between two conn secutive bars. vThe use of the pointers will be clearly pointed out hereafter.

For some purposesit is desirable to fix the slide c in certain position on the cylinder scale mantle a for instance when it is required to multiply a series ot items with one and the same multiplicand. l arrange for this purpose on each of the rings t t1 a spring m1, one end of which is fixed to the ring, while the other end carries a brake block n of `india-rubber or the like (Fig. 7). Above the spring 'm3- a two armed lever 'm2 is rotatably mounted on said rings, one arm ot which forms an eccentric adapted to press the india-rubber piece (n) upon the Inantle a. f

Fig. 8 shows a modified construction of the brake device. The rings are provided with bosses in which screws with heads m are mounted. The free end of each screw carries a brake blockn of india-rubber or only necessary to turn the screw 'm down, the soft brake block a will prevent injurious friction on the mantle' a..

It will be clear from the above, that not only the mantle a but also the slide o is exchangeable, so that it is possible to use mantles and slides with differentscales and to adapt the instrument to the special work desired. To exchange either mantle a or slide c the cylinder is tilted so that it takes the position as shown in Fig. l.

In the standards Z d1 of the apparatus two two armed levers yw are rotatably fixed,

which carry a three or more sidedvprisin e, Figs. l, 2 and 3. The prism may be swung out. in any position by the said levers, it bears on its surface tables of constants, for instance divisors, reciprocals, cross sections, decimal equivalents ot fractions. etc. These tables may' be made as well on strips of paper pasted on the prism or remo'ably fixed to the same; The prism may be made ol sheet metal, the ends being turned over (as shown in Fig. Q) to form a guide tor strips bearing on each side tables of constants. The. prism if made hollow may serve as receptacle for the pointers or other small accessories of the instrument. l wish to point out that while I have found the To ix the slide c it is.

prism very -practical l nevertheless do not confine my claims on this particular construction. For instance the prism may ,be replaced by a band running over two rollers or by a lroller rotatably mounted in suitable bearings.

On the axle ot the cylinder b or on the standard Il on the right hand side ot' the same two rings f f1 sliding tightly on each other are rotatably mounted. On the circumterence ott the rings scales for instance logarithmic scales are marked otl for the purpose of effecting subsidiary or interpolated calculations. rlhe rings are made exchangeable. The use of these rings will be explained in the Example IH.

In the standards d di of the instrument three rollers g, g1 and 7L are rotatably mounted. The rollers If/ and g1 are provided with cranks. The ends of a band i are fixed to the rollers g and g" which band is led over the guide roller 71,. The band 2' is arranged in such a manner, that on the upper roller g1 the reverse and on the under roller f/ the front side of band t' is in sight. By means of 'the cranks the band may be moved in any desired position. The band 'L' bears on both faces logarithmic scales or tables of constants, for instance besides the cylinder scale, the decimal values of sine, tangents, squares, cubes, etc. To facilitate the reckoning the band 'i may be colored, so that each scale or each table is marked ott' on a diiferent colored 'part of the surface.

To the bearings et' the rollers g g1 'two guide rods cl are fixed on each of which a pair of directing indexes l Z1 are mounted. The indexes Z Z1 are movable on said guide rods s a1 and each arm of them can be independentlyraised. The indexes are made of transparent material and are provided with a thin hair line. The object ot' these indexes is to transfer Yalues of the band to the cylinder scale a. and viceversa or to compare the graduations of the band with each other. The transfer is easily obtained as will be readily seen by an inspection of Fig. 3' of the accompanying drawings. These indexes are ot' especial use in any complex calculation as will be readily seen by Example VIII described hereafter. As each arm of the indexes can be raised they do not interfere by tilting the cylinder 7) o'r by removing the band t'. f

)n the right hand side of thelapparatus an adding machine p1 is removably mounted on the standard d1 which may be of any of the well known constructions. The subresults in combined calculations which are obtained on the cylinder may be registered on the adding device, so that after the whole operation has been finished the end result may be read of.

Having described. one form of construction of the calculating instrument with cer- 'Tipici' iiications' ofparts',l I would point qutrli arious other changes in theform, propo ion. and the minor detalls of yconfifcni vthe principle or sacrificing he advantages'of this invention.

y be' advantageously used for the varied practical purposes conceivable.

' I f-E'mamples.

151- Answer; rio-iii .inefable 'of um *decimi equiA-*alents vof fractions marked on prism it appears,- that if; equals 0.08333. Hence the sum given viz. 5.2/1 equals A` ii eri-,Lex0.08333'= 102.08333.

Place figure 1 -of the slide scale 'opposite ligure 1020833 of the mantle and find figure .10.24.5011.the slide.- Thecoinciding figure on fthe mantle gives the-result e, 10458 marks'.

" 25 .IL Wiiieis the discuss mi' $10492 annie vraie-fof 892 interest for 105A days? @The nse of factor for" interest has become familiar in ii'iercautile calculations. To 'ind '.same,multiply the' number of days-@fone f 3s year wiui 10o and divide the product by the formula takes'the form;

'nswerzi'lhe :factor of 3%70 (10280) is vmarked on the slidel with one ofthe pointers i 50i. (Figs.4 9,-.12 or 14) and placed opposite the f amount (10492)'.on the mantle. Find now the number of dais (105') on th'eslide and `coinciding -with. it the result namely 107.10) on ,the mantle. This operationmay fbe made stillmorejsimple by using a special A i 4slide with harsh2 or'A Sillas .shown in Fig. 10. 'On.theupperl (im) faces of these'bars'the common', logarithmicl scale is marked off while the lower faces bear the different *e0 rates of interest. To perform the above op-` .'eration itfis only necessary to mark the num'- ,fj er .3-. vvi tli= a pointer (shoivnfin` 10 orl 13)" onthe -yface of the "respective slide bar and to place its corresponding :c face below a a@ amount (10492) el' @h mantle The may tbe resorted vto Without de# n ipl'ete the foregoing description-I' brei/amples how the computingstitches; fthefprice- 'per thousand stitches is c0102. We searchj'thenumber- 4102 on th ise?rosiers? 'lair-found" oaths-ii sie@ if the respectivefgslide baraid the-(resultv (107.10) `fread 'off the-mantle.v III.' Example) (embroidery calculatiom),

.35' different designs' are.tof'befcalculated. 70j

The price of Athe stitches being 1.02 mk. vper .tliousand; .the price-ofthe fabricsbeing difl ferent for each single design, must be added to the calculated Working expenses. The 1li-'rst designcontains' per stripe 10757 7 5 mk. 1.02-'and Iifstri es of fabric -for this designcostmk. i214'. at isrthe totalcost To erform this calculation the rings fifigu are' o especial use .to determine the costio-ff fabric used "for one As t-ripefof 'each design.

If We Wouldfftryto solve the'V problem without using the'rrifwewould have to ascertain separately the-priceof the fabrics and the` 8 5 Working expenses o 'each designg-'therefore .two settings of -tlliefslideon themantlewould be necessary forfeach"design,-which would need 35 2=70foperations to solve the prob` lem given. Maki-ngus'e of the rings f fl Vthe 9c number of operations-iso .be performed' is re- Answer: The, initial figure 1f of the slide is placed underthe 'gure 1.02 on the mantle and now the slidefis'fxed on the mantleby means cf the' braking device m as described ab'ove. The number of stitches (107 57 ,'ete.) is then looked up on the slide -and the coinciding figure (1097, etc.) onthemantle ititlicatest e priceofV the' embroidering.-

, To obtain the price of the fabric lused 'for one design We have to 'divide 21 (the pricel of the fabric) by 14 (number of stripes). We plaoeno'w the figure v14 ofthe ring f1` opposite thefigure 21 .of the other.

ring f. )Ve find the quotient 1.50)-

opposite the figure 1 of the ring fI on V the ring f. lVIakTinguSe .further of. the addingf; machine '22? on'fthe right handsideof-the' standard (Fig.` 3') we add to the price for embroidering (M. 10.97-)"obtained before; the priceof the fabric-(MJ 1.50) and We get'f the total cost of thefirst'design (M.` 12.47

`use of reciprocalsand -i-iis xampie-r- I are 98.04 y

eef-.iis

win b. fouiiafoii'fthe ifs-@aie f heia.- wali- 1:11 of the band'on'the'roller 7 ,to-b

slide and mark it .with a pointer shown-iin."

rigs. "9, 12 image-gis issie-arf q visor the division beingperformed aspreviously describedby placing the number marked .(102) opposite,the number 10404 on the mantle. The quotient 10710 is then 5 to'be-found opposite of the number 105 of the slide on the mantle.

The same problem may be solved by 'using 'a slide with bars as shown inFig.

10. The faces m ofthe bars bear the combut in a reversed direction the endlof the scale on the faces coinciding with the be` respective bar, by a pointer as shown inpages 10 or 13, and placed opposite the other number (104.041) on "the mantle and the third number (1.05) is now found on the upperv .fr face of the respective slide bar. The number on the mantle coinciding with the third number (1.05). is the'result (M. 10710)., A

V.Exa.niple, (reading 0E squares and square roots of numbersr) To find the area of a. rod the cross section of which having equal sides and measuring eachl 10.2 mm.

'Answer Thelower index Z (Fig. 3) is headed with n"on the band z' and the result may be directly read ofi' on the sca-le of the. band i vheaded vwith n2 to be 101.041h mm. It is obvious, that' the square roots may be oundin an analogous manner. f VI. Example, (reading .of cubes and cube-rootsz) What is the contentsofa cube the length of one edge being 1.02 im? Answer: The lower index Z is placed with its hairline over the figure 10201:' the scale I headed with n on band z' andthe number Letters Patent is 1. In a calculating instrument a cylinder, bearingsy for said cylinder, one of said bear- 110 .ings comprising a stationary port-ion, vand a on the scale marked by n3 coinciding with the said hair line is the result namely 1.0612 m3. The cube roo-ts aref obtained in an'y analogous. manner.

VIL Example: To find the mantissa of the common logarithm of the number 102.

number 102-of the scale headed with n and read oit' thedesired value 0086 on the scale headed with Log onthe band 'L'.

VIII. Example: The use of the scale of natural sines in conjunction with the scale on the mantle willbe made apparent by the following example:

The hypotenuse' of a right `angled triangle is -given to 105 m., one vof the angles 51 15., The length of the side A lyingA opposite the anglev a is to be found.

Answer.: The lengthof the side is give-n by the formulal AZC/ 8111. a::105 sin. 5 51 15.v

Place new the hair line of the upper index number 105 on the slide. mon logarithmic sca-le, While on the faces y' of the bars the same scale is marked off angle o: is given by the formula placed over the number 102 of the scale Answer: Place the upper index l? onthe Z* (Fig. 3) over'55115 on the scale headed with Sin and by looking over the scale headed with n youwill find Athat thehair line-of the index coincides with a mark denoting the number 102, indicating the natural sine z'. e. 0.102. Place now the initial figure 1 of the slide opposite the 'ligure 102 of the mantle and Search for the 'Opposite the gure' 105 you will find on the mantle 1071 from which it follows, that the length ofside A is equal to 10.71 in'.

IX. Example: Use may be made of the scale of tangents on the bandi by solving a problem of the following kind I wo sides, the base and the perpendicular of a right angled triangle are given to 105 cm. and 10.71 cm lFind the size of the angle o: lying oppositethe side 105. The tangent of the Iopposite theinitiallgure 1 of the slide the number 102 hence the numerical value of the tangent of the angle a is 0.102. To {ind'the angle in degrees minutes and seconds place 95 the upper indexOf Z1 on the number 102 of the scaleheaded with. n and find on the scale headed with Tg the value of the angle oe=5 49 27". v

From the above it will be clear how the calculating instrument may be used but I Wish it clearly understood that any other tables, scales, etc., may be used according tothe special purpose for which the apparatus is tol be used.

Having' described fully my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by and'supporting the same rotatably in horizontal positiornone of said bea-rings comprising a stationary portion and a portion 120 pivot-ally connected therewith and supporting said cylinder, to allow of swinging movement of said cylinder in a vertical plane, and means-connected with said cylinder for maintaining the same in vertical 125 position.

3. In Aa calculating instrument a cylinder, bearings engagement with said cylinder and supporting the same rotatably, one of said bearings comprising a. stationary -por' 4130`v longitudinally vmovable on said cylinder, a block of soft material projecting through' a portion of said slide, 'and a releasable means for pressing said' block into engagement with said cylinder.

' y 5. I an instrument. of the class described A'the combination 'of a cylinder provided with graduations on a logarithmic scale, a' slide' movably disposed on said cylinder and provided with. graduations onn aflogarithniic scale,' a prismatic body in ,parallel arrangezment'with the axisof said cylinder, the sides of said body being provided with indica- .t-ions, 'adapted to bejbroughtin calculatory `(io-'action with the graduations'ony said cyl-A inder and slide. A e

6. In an instrument o'flthe class described the combination of'a cylinder provided with logarithmic graduations, a slide movably, 'disposed on said cylinderand providedvvithv logarithmic graduations, a prismatic body' in parallel arrangement Withjthe axis of lsaidL vided with indications adapted tobe brought in calculatory" co-action. with f the graduations on said .cylinder andv slide.

7 In an instrument ofthe class described the combination of a cylinder providedwith logarithmic graduations, a' Vslide movably -disposed on said cylindeiiand provided with logarithmic graduatlons,l a plurality of in-4 terchangeable rings in juxtaposition mount'- ed on'the 4axis of said cylinder `and rotatable independently froml the same, said rings be'- ing provided with graduations adapted to be brought -in calculatory co-action With each 'other' and 'with the graduations on said cylinder and slide.

-8. In an instrument ofthe-class described the combination of a cylinder provided with logarithmic graduations, a slide lmovably disposed on said cylinder and lprovided `with 'logarithmic grad-nations',

cylinder and rotatable `With respect to the same, the sides of said` body being-pro? logarithmic graduation-s, "a plurality of Vro. tatable members parallel 'to the axis lof said cyli'nden'andav ribbon connecting said'members j and being provided with indications v adapted to be brought in calculatory-'coao' tion with said graduations.

i9. In an instrument of the classdescribed 6'0 a slide movably the 'combination of a cylinder provided with disposed on said cylinderand provided Withl logarithmic graduations,'fa'plurality of ro- .tatable members parallel to the aXis of saidy cylinder, and a ribbon connecting said'members, said'ribbon being partly-rolled up oneach of said members, ybothv sides' ofy said' ribbon being provided' with indications ladapted' to be brought in-calculatory co-action Witl' said graduations, and one` of said members vbeing adapted to displayv one. side of said riirbom-another one of said members being' adapted f to display' the 'other side thereof.

10.' AIn an instrument of the class described the'combination of a cylinder p rovidedwith logarithmic" gra-duations, a. slide movably" disposed on said cylinder and providedwith logarithmic' graduations, a plurality of'l rotatable members in parallel arrangement to the axis of vsaid cylinder, a ribbonsupported onsaid members andbeing provided with 'indications adapted to be brought in calculatory co-action Wit-h said graduations.l

' a plurality of' rods parallel to the 'axis' of said cylinder, -and a plurality of 'pointers pivotal-ly and slidably mounted on said rods= and pointers being directed toward said cylinder, slide andsaid rotatable members re- -spectively. A 11. In a `calculating instrument a graduated cylinder, a slide rotatably and longitudinally movable With respect to said cylin der, said slide including aplurality of graduated rods, pointers on said rods,'said'point ers comprising aresilient bail sha-pedportion, an indicating portion, and a portion in vengagement with a rod portion, said pointer ,being releasable from said rod'by pressure on said bail shaped portion.-

HEINRICH DAEMEN-SGHMID. Witnesses:

; G. L. H. nimm, JOSEPH SIMON.

Images