US1028582A - Anesthetic-administering apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

E. I. MOKESSON.

ANESTHETIG ADMINISTERING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 28, 1910.

Patented June 4, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

)VYY/Vfiifbi fiwzw mz 6Z5. 6% b W E. L MCKESSON. A ANESTHETIC ADMINISTERING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 28. 1910 1028582 A Patented June 4,1912.

R SHEETS-SHEET 2.

MTNEEFEQ A I fNVE/V'JWE.

ZOby the provision of means in association provision. in an apparatus of this class, of

40 mission. in the present case.

Q ELM ERII. MGKESSON,

Specification at Letters Patent.

STATESPATENT orr on.

F TOLEDO. OHIO ANESTHETIC-ADMINISTERING APPARATUS..

latentedduneet, 1912.

Application filed November 28, 1910. Serial No. 594,559.

Tooll whom it may concern: I

.Be it known that I, Emma I. McKnssoN, a citizen of the United States, and -a resident of Toledo. in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio. have invented a certain new and useful finesthetic-Administering Apparatus: and I do hereby declare the follow} ing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, and to the figures of referencemarked thereon, which form a part of this specification. My invention relates to surgical appliances and particularly to apparatus for administering anesthetics. I

The objectof my invention is to improve upon apparatus of this class heretofore used,

adapted to receive the vanesthe'tizing gas that is exhaled by the person taking the same, and to enablea definite part of such gas to be usedover instead of being dissipated to the atmosphere at each exhalatiom thusreducing the consumption of the anesthetizing gas used to a minimum. By the use of such means it is also possible to administer a more satisfac- 39 tory anesthetic, as the exhaled amount of carbon dioxid, wliich, when taken back into the lungs, with other anesthetic gases serves to intensify the anesthesia.

A further object of my invention is the therewith. which is means which is automatically operative at ,each inhalation of the .patient to effect a positive and simultaneous opening of the check valves controlling the automatic adof oxygen and T nitrous onid in proper proportions to the mixing chamber.

Further objects and advantagesot my invent'ion will be apparentto persons skilled in the art by reference to the following speciy fication. i y l T he' invention is fully described in the following specification, and while inits broader aspect it is capable of embodimentinnumerous forms, apreferred embodiment l thereof is illustrated in the accompanying drawings. in which,- v

Figure l is a top plan view of. an apparatus embodying my invention, with portions broken away. 2 is anelevation of the upper part thereof with portions broken provided on the under Fig; 3 is a section on the line :1- :1: m, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a reduced elevation of the same, and Fig. 5 is a detailofthe back side of the face-piece.

away.

Referring to the drawings, 1 designates the standard of my apparatus, upon which suitably mounted a head or'frame 2 havmg arms 3 projecting from two of the opposite sides thereof. are shown as being remo'vably suspended from one of said arms, and one or more tanks 5 fromthe other of said arms by reason of their nipples 4' and 5 respec within registering receivtively, projecting 3 and ing openings 6 in the respective arms being secured therein by set-screws 7.

WVhile two tanks are shown in association with each arm 3, only one is used at a time, the other serving merely as a reserve tank the contents of which may be used if the contents of the first tank becomes ewto one of which nipples is attached a bag 14,

whilo to the other thereof is attached a bag .15.

Qlhe upper ends of thechannels 12 open into valve chambers 16 at the respective sides of the head 2. the tops ofwhich chambers are shown ,in the present instance as being losedby glass 17 to render visible the operation of the valve therein, which is hereinafter referred to. Each of the chambers- 16 in turn has communication through one of more passages 18 with mixing chan'iber or passage 19 which is 'disposed centrally of the head 2 longitudinally thereof. as shown.

is attached a flexible tube 21 carrying a which face piece is cation with the interior of the chamber 19.

One or more tanks 4:,

side of the head 2' at its outer end, the cavity ofc'ontlnuous' communr a common 3 The chamber 19 has a nipple 20 adjacent one end thereof to which The chamber 19, intermediate the inlet passages 18 thereto and the nipple 20, is normally closed by a gravity gate valve 23, which pivots to the upper portion of the chamber, as at-24, and is adapted to be automatically' swung in'one direction or the other to open the passage through the chamber 19 by theforce of inhalation and exhalation of the patient, as f'hereinafter described, I whereby, to open the. passage through the chamber 19. In other words, upon each inhalation of the patient a cir- 'culation is created through the chamber 19 which effects a swinging of the gate 23 in the direction of the nipple 20, while each exhalation through the face-piece 22, tube 21, and passage or chamber 19 creates a Circulation of fluid in the opposite direction and causes said gate to swing in the direction'of the passages 18, as is apparent.

ber 19 at the side of the gate 23 adjacent to r the passages 18, and has 'itsends projecting Within the valve chambers 16 at either side of the chamber 19. Attached to the shaft 25 within'each chamber is a valve 26 which rests by gravity upon the base of its chamber to normally close the communication between the associated channel 12 and chamber 16, and is adapted to be positively, opened by a rocking of the shaft'25 in the proper direction for such purpose. The gate valve 23 has a hooked finger127 pivotallyt projecting from the side thereof adjacent to the shaft 25 and loosely working over a loop 28 projecting from said shaft. The arrangement and cotiperative action of the finger 27. and loop 28 is such that upon antopening' move'ment of the gate valve 23 inthe direction of'the inlet passages 18, the

40 finger 27 will slide freely over the loop 28 without efi'ecting a rocking of such loop and its shaft, whereas upon an opening of the gate 23 in the opposite direction, the hooked end of the finger 27 will act upon the loop 28 to rock it and the shaft 25, which rocking of the shaft'will efiect opening of both valves 26, thus permitting fluid to pass from the channels 12 to the chambers16. Thefiuid thence passes from the ClIMIIbGISwlG through the passages 18 to the common chamber 19 and from it 'through the nipple 20,'tube 21 and facepiece 22 to the lungs of the patient asthe said opening of the valves 26 was, effected by inhalationof the'patient.

The communication between the bags 14 and '15 and he respective passages llis' controlled by plug valves 29 which are arranged in'the passages 12 and have control, projecting Without ithe front side v of the head 2, which control parts may be parts 30 provided with graduations to facilitate a turning of the valves to desired positions. Each of these valves has a passage 31 therethrough which may be moved into regis- A valve shaft 25 passes through the cham-' patient, a predetermined amount of gas, de-

a simultaneous orwaste of the anesthetizing opening into the passage 31 of the valve so that when said groove laterally registers with the associated passage 11 and the passage 31 of the valve registers with the associated head passage 12,'a slaw leakage of-gas from the passage 11 through said groove and,,into the associated .bag is per-- mitted to take the place of gas which is drawn from the bag 'upon an inhalation of the patient as hereinafter more fully described. I

In the use of apparatus of this "class it is common to have one set of tanks, for instance the t nks 4:, filled with oxygen under pressure w ile the other set of tanks is .35 filled with nitrous oxid under pressure; The apparatus is not restricted, however, to the use of such gases as others, which are suitable for administering anesthetics, or for the purpose for which" the apparatus might bh used, may 'be employed. Upon an open- 1 ing ofthe valves 10 so as to throw one of each of the respective tanks into communia turning of the valves 29 to open cominunication'bet'ween the passages 11 and respective bags 14 and 15, such bags will be filled with gas from the tanks in'communication therewith. When the bags have, been filled the valves 29' are turned from the position we shown in Fig. 2 to place the passages 31 therethrough into register with the passages :12, with the grooves 32 in register with the passages 11. Upon each inhalation 1 of the cation with the associated passage 11,

pending. upon the degree-of opening of the valve passages 31 to the channels 12, is permitted to flow, as above described, through the chambers 16 and passages 18 to the mixing chamber 19 from when'ce the mixed gas passes through the tube 18 and face piece 22 to the lungs of the patient.

With the apparatus of'this character heretofore used, the anest-hetizing gas which is expelled from the lungs uponveach e'xhalation is discharged to the atmosphere, thus losing it for-future use and causing the". patient to take ina fresh. supply from the gas bags at each inhalation, thereby'felfect: ing 'a' large consumption of oxygen and .nitrous oxid in the proportion in which each is used, To obviate this la'rge' consumption gas, I have provided meansfor receiving the gases'exbaled a patient and permitting thesame' to be again drawn into the lungs upon the next -or successive inhalation. In accomplishing this I attach a rebreathing bag 33 to the nipple 34. projecting from the under side of the head'Q beneath the forward end enter the lungs. the end of the hamber of the chamber 19 thereof. with its passage 35 (Fig. 3) in communication with the chamber 15) in advance of the gate 23 or at the side thereof with which the inlet passages 18 from the gas bags H and 15 are associated. A plug valve 36 is mounted in the nipple 3+ to control :the opening or closing of the passage 35. rebreatliing bag the exhaled gas passes through the face piece 22, tube 21, the cham, her or passage 19 in the head opening the gate 23 forwardly in its passage through su h chamber. and thence passes through the nipple 34 into the rebreathing bag 33, the valve 36, of course. being open for such purpose. The face piece 22 is provided with one or more openings 37 in the back thereof which openings are normally closed by a valve member 38 due to the action on such member of a spring 39 or other suitable closing means. The spring or closing means 39 is so tensioned thatwhen the rebreathing bag 33 has been filled to such an extent that the back pressure within the face-piece 22 is sutlicientto overcome the'closing means 39, the valve 38 will open and permit the balance of the exhaled gas to pass to the atmosphere. Upon the next inhalation the gas in the rebreathing bag 33, or apart at least thereof, passes through the intermediate passages and re iiters the lungs, such operations being repeated indefinitely. In the use of this apparatus it is apparent that the valves 29 are regulated as the condition of the patient may require and may be left partly open to supplement the action of the rebreathing bag-33 or may be closed entirely so that the inhaled gas is taken entirely from the rebreathing hag as may be desired. It found in practice that the use of the rebreathing bag in connection with apparatus of this class enables very much more satisfactory results to be obtained in administering anesthetics than is possible where such rel'ireatl'iing Feature eliminated. I

Should it be desired to In the use of. this filings are permitted to be exhaled to the use ether or other suitable liquid as the anesthetic. a hanibeif 40 containing the same maybe mounted on the head 2 of tl'ieapparatus inv COlIlll'Hll'llCtF g .tion with the chamber 19 thereof as mon with this class of apparatus.

is comof ether or other fluid. however. does not impair or interfere with the use of inv rebrcathing feature as the gas resulting therefrom can be exhaled into the bag or receiving part the same as above descril'iei'l and intensifies a gas anesthetic in refractory patients.

As it is sometimes desirableto heat the anesthetizing before 'iermitting it to adjacent the nipple 20 is provided with a cap-4i which has aprojecting t Vll'llil'l such endiof 33 and successively used over again tubular extcnsinn 42 the chamber 1 The use i.

condition of the patient-truly require.

the rebreat'hingbag as overflows during an o acts n the loop or manner tl eivalve shaft aiidlto effect a [)U!-ltl\'t* siiii tachcd to thel haft { speclive bags 14,15 should the valves be 19 with its inner end closed. as shown. An electric. light socket 43 is removably secured within the outer open end of the extension 42 and is adapted to carry an electric light bulb or other electrical heating means tl within such extension wherel'iy to heat the wall thereof and the sin-rounding space within the chamber '11), The electric cord 45 which connects the socket 13 with a source oi electricity is shown as (passing. through a tube 46. 4

The. operation of my improved apparatus is as follows: The valves 10 and 29 are first turned in proper position to permit oxygen to flow from one of the tanks lfand nitrous oxid to How t'ron one of the tanks 5 to the respective bags 14 and 15 to fill the same. This being accomplished the valves 29 are turned to open communication betiii eeii etihe associated bags 14, 15 and the upper ends 5 of the channels 12, with the grooves 32 of such valves preferably in register with the respective passages 11 to permit gasjtrfi slowly How to the bags'from the respective tanks as the charges within the bags become reduced. during the administering ofh airt anesthetic; In administering the anesthetic, the first few inhalations of gas taken into the mosphere through the valve 38 untiltlie air 1 is entirely washed out of the lungs.

Tl a valve 36 is then opened so that the git:

which is thereafter-exhaled passes through the tubeQl, chamber 19 and passage 35 into and filling the rebreathing bag 33., the gate 23 opening forwardly or toward the passage 35 for such purpose. Upon the next inhalation the gate opens rearwardly or toward the nipple 20 to permit ga from the bag 33-; to return through the passages previously traversed thereby and again enter the lungs together with Fresh gas from the bags l-i and 15. l' pon the rearward opein ing ot' the" gate valve 22, occasioned by'an mhalalIon thc'tingeriiT attached to such gate to rock it a nd tiltaneous opening 'otthe valves :26 ab The opening oi the 'to flow from th ref ;lp n}-;e to the chambers l i and thence through-the passages 1 to thev ((ilill'iiilll mixing cliaml'ier l!) where it conflj breathing bag 33 should the valve 36' n'b open. and ])tl .-t$-:ilitl'OWltll to thelun D'u'i'ing"thea l'inriii' tering of an anesthe the valvesfltlland 'ltiare' regulated is when' lgiis "xha' atioii of the patient. the back pressure created thereb within the i'ace' pi e 22 will etlect an ,automatic opening of the" valve 38 to permit the remaining portion of 1 0 the gas to pass through the'openings 37 to the atmosphere The size of the rebreath-- atmosphere due to the automatic opening of the face piece valve :38 for such purpose,

thusQpreventing a saving of the exhaled gases which are tootrich in carbon dioxid i and other decomposition products and too' poor in oxygen and nitrous oxid for satisfactory results. It W3 ll, of course, be understood that the atmospheric pressure acting upon the flexible bags-14,15 and 33 will g 'cause the gas contained thereifn to pass to 1 the lungs upon an inhalation o thepatient. Should it be desired to heat the gas before permitting it to pass to the lungs the electric heating means 44 may be turned on so as to *heat the gas by radiation in its passage around the part 42 'before entering the tube 21.

I wish it understood that my invention is not limited to any specific construction or arrangement of the parts except in so far as'suchlimitations are specified in the claims, nor to the use of any particular kind of anesthetic in connection with the same. v Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire "to secure by Letters Patent, is,

1. In an apparatus of the class described,

the combination of a mixing chamber from 40 which gas is drawn, separate sources of gas A, supply in communication with such cham- ,berptwo valves normally closing the com- =inuni'catioii-"hetvvecn such chamber and said "es'of supply, and means separate from 11d valves andautomatically operative to lnli'ltaneously open said valves at each infhalation by the outward drawing of fluid 'ithere'through. ln' a ngapparatus of the class described,

' ombination. ot' a mixing chamber havan "out-let,fseparate sources ot'fluid supy mcommunication with such chamber, jllvels normally closing the communication tweenf'said chamber and the sources of fluid supply. a gate valve normally closing thepassage through said chamber and movgable by fluid circulation through the cham- {be and means cooperating with said gate e th [effect a positive opening of said rgncr valves by the outward flowof fluid 'ly-ough said chamber. 71

githe eombination of'e fluid outlet passage, a plugahty of sourcps of fluid under pres sure m communication with such passage,

valves normally closing the connuunication between each of said sources and said passage, and swinging means automatically operative by theoutward movement of fluid through said passage to eflect positive opening movements of said valves.

4. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a plurality of sources of fluid supply, a fluid passage in communication with and common to said sourcesof supply, and means normally closing the communication between said passage and sources of supply and having a swinging part in said passage which is moved to open the communication between said passage and sources of supply by the outward movement of fluid through said passage.

In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a plurality of sources of fluid supply, a passage common to and in communication with said sources of fluid supply,: valves normally closing the conii munication between said passage and the sources of fluid supply, rocking means for efiecting .an opening of said valves when rocked in one direction, a. gate valve normally closing said passage and movable by the flow of fluid t-herethrough, and connection between said gatevalve and rockin means to rock said means to open the asstciated valves when fluid flows in one direction-through said passage.

6. In an apparatus of the classdescribed.

- the combination of a plurality of sources-of fluid supply, a passage 1n communlcatlon with and common to said sources of supply,

a rock shaft, valves attached to said shaft and normally closing the communication between said passage and each of said sources" of fluid supply, a gate valve normally closing said passage, and means connecting said gate valve and shaft whereby a movement of the gate valvein one direction will rock said-shaft and eflect an opening, of the attache valves.

7. The combination with an apparatus of the class described having a passage through which gas isdrawn by inhalation, means supplying gas for inhalation, means for preventing "exhaled gas from entering said supply means, of a rebreathing bag in commumcation with'such passage for receiving exhaled gas and holding-the same for subsequent use, and meanswhich is automatically operative by back'pressure within said passage to permit the exhalation of gas to the atmosphere when a predetermined amount has been received by saidbag.

In an apparatus of-the class described,

the combination'of gas supply means, means 'for preventing exhaled gas fromentering 8. loan apparatus of the class described,

and supply means; means for receiving and I saidpassage and the sourcesof gas supply,

and means automatically operative by the outward movement of gas through said. passage to effect an opening of said valves.

10. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a plurality of sources of gas supply, a rebreathing bag, a passage with which each of said sources of gas supply and .said bag have communication, a valve chamber associated'with each source of supply, a valve located within each of such chambers for closing communication between the sources of gas supply and said passage, means-within said passage which is automatically actuated by a flow of fluid in one direction through said passage to ctl'ect an automatic opening of said valves, and means automatically operative to permit exhaled gas to pass to the atmosphere when a predetermined ainount has entered the rebreathing bag.

11. in an apparatus of the class described, the combination of three bags, a mixing,

chamber common to all of said bags, a plurality of sources of gas supply in communication with two of said bags, the other bag serving as a rebreathing bag for bolding exhaled gases, valves controlling the communicationbetween said bags and passage-way, a tacepiece in communication with said passage-way and means automatically operative by the flow of fluid in one direction through said passage-way to open the valves between the passage-way and the bags in communicationwith the sources ot gas supply.

12. In an apparatus of theclass described,

mixing chamber in a mixing chamber,'an oxygen bag, a nitrous oxidand a rebreathing bag invalve con-.

trolled communication with said mixing -.'alv es of the oxygen and nitrous oxid bags being automatically opened-by a passage of fluid through the one "direction; the rebreathing bag being of a capacity less than the capacity of the lungs ofa patient, a

chamber, the

'face-piecerin communication with said mixing chamber and means automatically operative o permit the gas of exhalation to pass to the atmosphere when the rebreath ing bag is filled.

13. In an apparatus of the class described;

a rebreathing bag of less capacity-than the lungs of a patient, a face-piece incommunication with such rebreathing bag, gas supply means in communication with said face-piece, means for preventing exhaled gas from entering said supply means, and means automatically aperative to permit the gas of exhalation to pass to the atmosphere when the ,rebreathing bag becomes filled.

14. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a plurality of sources of gas supply for inh a1 t1on,means for receiving and, holding exhaled gas for subsequent use," a passage common to and in communication with said gas supply means and said exhaled gas holding means, valves closing the communication between said supply means and passage upon an exhalation and automatically opening upon an inhalation, and means automatically operative to permit exhaled gas to pass to the atmosphere when a predetermined amount of back pressure is present in said passage by reason of the gas receiving and holding means becoming filled.

In testimony vhereof, I have hereunto signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ELMER I. MGKESSON.

\Vitnesses:

C. W. OWEN, E. E. T'noirAs,

Images