US1022700A - Mantle-burner for kerosene-lamps. - Google Patents

Description

G. S. RIDER.

MANTLE BURNER FOE KEROSENE LAMPS.

APPLIOATION FILED OCT. 26, 1910.

Patented Apr. 9, 1912.

1,922,700, 1&2, 1.9

I INVE/WUH W/T/VESES ii IE S.

as a ran @FFIC GRANVILLE S. RIDER,

OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MANTLE-BURNER FOR KEROSENE-LAMPS.

Specification of Letters l atent.

Patented Apr. 9, 1912.

Application filed October 26, 1910. Serial No. 589,095.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GRANVILLE S. RIDER, a citizen of the United States, residing at the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, in the county of New York" and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mantle-Burners for Kerosene-Lamps, of which the following is a specification, reference beingi.0 had therein to the accompanying drawings,

forming, part thereof Mv invention relates to mantle burners for kerosene. lamps and has for its general object-'th'e securing of better combustion of the vaporized oil, thereby obtaining a brighter light and avoiding blackening the mantle.

More particular objects of my invention are to more effectively direct the air "outward to the p'oint of initial combustion from the top of the inner. wick-tube, to more thoroughly intermix the air and vapor, to more uniformly distribute the mixture to the inner surface of the mantle and to prevent overheating of the inner wick tube, the heat being utilized instead to preheat the air supplied through the in ner wick tube.

Lamp burners of the type towhich my invention is applicable have been objectionable by reason of imperfect combustion resulting in only partial mcandescence of the mantle and also at times in blackening of Tins 1mperfect combustion is commonly due to an the mantle by carbon deposits.

unbalanced or unequalizeo condition or relation in which more-vapor is produced than is consumed. I have found that two principal causes of this defect are, first, the

40 overheating of the inner wick tube, by

reason of the factthat usually a necessarily highly heated burner cap is supported in direct contact with the upper portion of the inner wick tube and from which the intense heat at the point of initial combustion is conducted downward along the wick tube, causing excessive formation of vapor; and, second, the failure to properly direct a sufiicient supply of air to the seat of combustion, particularly to the upper part of the mantle, where combustion has been particularly poor or imperfect.

My invention is directed to providing an improved air distributor for the inner wick tube by reason of the operation of which,

in combination with other parts of the burner, the air will be thoroughly mixed with the vapor and the mixture substantially equally distributed to all parts of the mantle. My invention includes an upwardly flaring or inverted cone-shaped air distributer or. spreader located within the inner wick tube and extending into proximity to the seat of primary or initial combustion, so

that the draft of air passing upward. throughthe inner Wick tube is deflected outw'ardly and uniformly directed to the seat of combustion.

My invention also includes means upon the air distributer for producing whirls or eddies-of air adjacent to-the point of initial combustion to thereby, secure a better iiitermi'xing or commingling of the air and vapor.

My invent-ion also includes supporting ineans for an air distributer, providing a .shall thereafter point out my invention in Figure 1 is a partial central vertical section of a lamp embodying my invention, the top portion of the chimney being omitted. Fig. 2 is a plan View of the air distributer for the inner wicktube. Fig. 3 is an ele vation of the same. Fig. 4 is an inverted plan view of the same. Fig. 5 is a partial central vertical section ofa slightly modified lamp burner with portions omitted.

In Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, of the drawings, my invention is shown as embodied in a central draft lam-p, that is to say, in a lamp in which the inner wick tube passes through the bowl or font of the lamp, and

the draft of air-supplied through such inner wick tube enters at the open lower end thereof below the font.

In Fig. 5 my inventionis shown as embodied in a side draft burner, that is to say, in a burner having an inner wick tube which is closed at the lower end and is provided with a lateral air inlet.

In the embodiment of my invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4., inclusive, of the drawair entering wick tube passes up through the inner wlck 45. that the construction of the hereinbefore detical limits ings, a burner is shown having a lower part orbase 1 provided with a wick-adjusting means as indicated by thehandle 2 and having air-inlet openings as shown; and an upper part 3 shown as fitting over the base 1 and provided with usual spring chimney supports-4 for holding in place a chimney 5. The burner is shown as applied to a lamp font 6 having a base 7, both font and base being of usual construction. Outer and inner wick tubes, 8 and 9, respectively, are provided,'carried respectively by the burner base 1 and by the lamp font 6, as usual in this type of lamp, the inner wick tube 9 passing through the font 6 andbeing open at its lower end belowthe font, so that at the lower end of the inner tube to the inside of the circular flame, a wick 10 being contained between the inner and outer wick tubes. The outer wick tube 8 is of usual construction and is provided at its upper end with a radial flange as shown. A gallery 11 surrounds the outer wick tube 8 and extends above the upper end of the outer wick tube and is provided at its top with an inwardly turned flange overlying the flange of the outer wick tube 8, the gallery 11 being shown as fprmed integral at its base with the upper part 3 of the burner. A mantle 12 is supported in the usual manner above the gallery ll and outer and inner wick tubes 8 and 9 by a supporting wire 13 extending upwardly from a socket 14 carried by the upper part 3 of the burner. The inner wick tube 9 is also of usual construction with the exception that it is provided at the-proper location for the purpose with an internal annular bead or ridge 15 for supporting an air distributer, to which, in combination with the other parts of the lamp,

my invention is chiefly directed.

My improved air described, it being, of course, understood scribed parts of the device of usual construction may be varied within certain pracand still be cooperative with the improvements introduced by my present invention.

' The illustrated embodiment of the air distributer for distributing the draft of air passing upward through the inner wick tube includes upwardly diverging imperforate walls forming an inverted hollow cone 16,

which extends from within the inner wick tube 9 into proximity to the seat of initial and partial combustion and is shown as termi'nating at a plane above the upper ends of the wick tubes 8 and 9 and slightly above the inwardly turned flange of the gallery 11, such cone providing an upwardly and outwardly flaring air-directing outer surface which is spaced from the upper end of distributor will now be a gallery,

the inner wick tube to form an annular air outlet between the upwardly flaring wall of the air distributor and the inner wick tube, so that the ascending stream of air is strongly deflected outwardly and is uniformly directed to the seat of combustion. The cone l6 directs the air outwardly just above the top of the inner wick tube 9 and at a point below the inwardly turned flange of the gallery 11. The current of air deflected outwardly by the cone 9 meets another current of air deflected inwardly by the flangeof the gallery 11, so that the air and vapor become thoroughly and uniformly mixed. To obtain a better mixing together of the air and combustible vapor, Ihave provided meansfor producing whirls or eddies of air and vapor adjacent to the seat of initial combustion. For this purpose, the outer and upper marginal portion of the wall of the cone 16 is turned to form an annular semi-circular groove 17, the outer transversely concave surface of which produces the required intermixing movements in the passing annular air column. This eddy producing mtermixmg function is enhanced and additional advantageous results are secured ,by a disk 18 located I concentrically above andspaced upwardly from the open upper end of the inverted hollow cone 16. The disk 18 is shown as slightly concave at its upper side and as having an annular series of perforations. This disk is shown as supported outhe cone 16 by slender supporting columns 19 extending between the marginal portions of the disk 18 and of the cone 16. The annular ascending air column, in passing the edges of the disk 18 and cone 16 and the open space between such edges is subjected to a further eddy producing and intermixing eiiect, and some of the air will enter between such edges and then pass up ward through the perforations in the disk 18.

- Because of the fact that theair deflecting surfaces of the cone 16 are below the top of the gallery 11, the mixture of air and vapor passing upward between the inwardly turned'tlange of the gallery 11 and thestop of the cone 16 will be directed for the most part upwardly and only slightly outwardly and will be substantially uniformly distributed to the entire inner surface of the mantle, where vfinal incandescence producing combustion takes place, the entire mantle thus being rendered brilliantly incandescent. In lamps as heretofore commonly constructed-th'e air has been directed outwardly above corresponding tothe gallery 11, and is thrown directly outward substantially horizontally against the lower part only of the mantle, the result being not only a poor mixing of the air and vapor, but incandescing combustion at the lower part only of the mantle, the upper parts quickly becoming blackened by carbon deposits. The

are

foregoing explanation has made it clear how my invention effectively overcomes this imperfection.

The parts of the air distributer so far described-will, as a result ofproximity to the seat of combustion above the wick tubes, be-v come highly heated, and a large amount of this heat will be conducted downward to the portions of the air distributer that are located within the inner wick tube. In the construction of lamps heretofore commonly employed, the intense heat of the air distributer, or burner cap, as the corresponding part is sometimes called, is conveyed directly by conduction to the inner wick tube, by which it is conducted farther downward and by whiclrsuch heat is transmitted directly to the oil'in the wick and thereby produces, as hereinbei'ore noted, the formation of vapor in excess of what can be burned.

.I will now describethe means devised by me whereby the necessarily intense heat of the air distributer is substantially all kept away from. the inner wick tube 9 and is caused to be given up to the draft. of air supplied through the inner wick tube to more eiiectively preheat this air, such means consisting of supports for the air distributing cone 16-and the parts carried thereby, which substantially thermally insulate the air distributer from the inner wick tube and other parts of the burner. These supports are shown as prongs or slender legs'20, irojecting divergcntly downward from the lower end or apex of the'cone' 16. The prongs 20 are shown as made of flat material andthe upper ends of these prongs are bent and curved to fit within a reduced cylindrical lower portion 21 of the cone 16, in which I they are shown as clamped in place by a cup- .shaped hollow plug 22, which completes the closure of the lower end of-the cone 16. The prongs 20 are shown as three in number and at their lower divergent free ends are tapered to points which are adapted to rest, as shown in Fig. 1, on the annular head or ridge 15 of the inner wick tube 9. The pointed ends of the prongs 2O constitute the only connection between the air distributer Besides the substantial tlmOtll1t-Of thermal insula tion atlorded by this connection, it should be noted that the current of cool incoming air, passing in contact with the slender prongs 20, will abstract the greater portion of any heat which they may receive from the cone 16, such heat serving the useful purpose of preheating such incoming cool air. However, a very substantial preheating of the air takes place by reason of the quite considerable amount of heat communicated thereto by the air-deflecting cone 16. Substantially all of the heat taken up by the cone 16 and disk 18 is transmitted to the incoming air to effectively preheat the same and thereby produce better combustion. It is therefore to be seen from the foregoing description of this illustrated embodiment of my invention that the unbalanced relation between the rapidity of; vapor production and the quantity of properlypreheated been very largely, if not completely, compensated forand corrected.

In Fig. 5, means embodyin my invention .are shown as modified for application to a slightly different type of burner. In this type of burner the inner and the. outer wick tubes 23 and 24, respectively, are both carried by the burner base 25, thclower end of the inner wick tube 523 is closed by the dis; 26, and the inner wick tube 23 is pro- .air supplied through the inner wick tube has Vid'ed with a lateral air inlet- 27 extending through both wick tubes at the side, and air have shown such a usual post 28 as carried by and projecting upward from the bottom closure 26, such post 28 being steadied by a brace 29 in substantially the usual manner.

In this form of my invention the air distributer has a tube 30 adapted to slip over the-post 28,1is shown. At the properheight the tube 30 carries an air-directing cone 31 of substantially the same construction and function as the corresponding cone 16 hereinb'efore described. At its upper end the tube 30 carries a dished and perforated disk 32, which is spaced at short distance upwardly from the upper end of the cone 31 and which corresponds substantially to the disk 18 hereinbefore described. The substitution of the tube 30 for the pointed prongs or legs 20 adapts my improved air distributer for application to this other type of burner already found on the market, while still retaining in great measure the advantageous results of my invention hereinbefore set. forth.

It is obvious that various modifications may be made in the constructions shown in the drawings and above particularly described within the principle and scope of my invention.

I claim:

1. A. mantle burner having; in combination with inner and outer wick tubesand a gallery surrounding the outer wick tube and rising above the wick tubes, an air distributer comprising an inverted cone located partly above and partly below the top of the inner wick tube and having an up- I imperforate walls forming an inverted hollow cone having a closed downwardly directed apex and extending from Within the inner wick tube to substantially the level of the top of the gallery, and downwardly diverging supporting prongs projecting downwardly and outwardly from the apex of the inverted cone, such prongs having pointed free ends engaging the inner side of the inner wick tube, such points supporting the air distributer and constituting the sole con nection of the air distributer with other parts ofthe burner.

3. An air distributer for a mantle burner having an inner wick tube,'suoh distributer comprising upwardly diverging imperforate walls forming an inverted hollow cone having a closed downwardly directed apex and extending from within the inner wick tube upwardly into proximity to the seat of com bustion and providing an upwardly. and outwardly flaring airdirecting outer. surface spaced from the upper end of the inner wick tube to form an annular air outlet, and a disk located concentrically above and spaced upwardly from the open upper end of the inverted hollow cone. 7

t. An air distributer for a mantle burner having an inner wick tube, such distributer comprising an invertedcone extending from within the 'inner wi'ck tube upwardly into proximity to'the seat of combustion and providing an upwardly and outwardly flaring air-directing outer surface spaced from the upper end of theinner wick tube to form an annular air outlet, a marginal eddyproducing groove being formed laterally at the outside of the upper and larger end of the cone.

5. The combination, in a mantle burner having an inner wick tube, of an air-distributer for the inner wick tube, and pointed supports the points of which are adapted to make contact with the inner wick tube and form the only supporting means for the air and which constitute the sole supporting means of the air distributer, the supporting points also constituting the sole connection between the air distributer and the other parts of the burner. I

7. A. kerosene Inantle burner having, in combination with inner and outer wick tubes and a gallery surrounding the outer wick tube and rising above the wick tubes, an air distributer comprising an inverted cone extending from within the inner wick tube upwardly and terminating substantially at the level of the top of the gallery and providing an upwardly and outwardly flaring air-directing outer surface extending from below the top of the inner wick tube to the top of the gallery and spaced from' the top of the inner wick tube to form an annular air outlet, and downwardly diverging supporting prongs projecting downwardly and outwardly from the apex of the inverted cone, such prongs having pointed free ends engaging the inner side of the inner wick tube to thereby support the air distributer;

these points constituting the soleconnection -to the seat of combustion and 'providing an upwardly and outwardly flaring air-directing outer surface spaced from the upper end of the inner wick tube to-form an annular air outlet, the upper and outer marginal portion of the cone being turned to form at the outside of the cone an annular substantially semi-circular groove providing an airdeflecting eddy-producing surface, an airdeflecting and eddy-producing disk located concentrically above and spaced upwardly from the open upper end of the inverted hollow cone, and downwardly diverging supporting prongs projecting downwardly and outwardly from the apex of the inverted cone, such prongs having pointed free ends engaging such unevenness.

In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

' GRANVILLE S. RIDER;

.VVitnesses r WM. ASHLEY KELLY, BERNARD CownN.

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