US801533A

US801533A - Incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type.

Info

Publication number: US801533A
Application number: US22128304A
Authority: US
Inventors: Wilhelm Maaske
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1904-08-18
Filing date: 1904-08-18
Publication date: 1905-10-10
Anticipated expiration: 1922-10-10

Description

No. 801,533. PATENTED OCT. 10, 1905. W. MAASKE.

INGANDESGBNT GAS LAMP OF THE INVERTED TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED 14,116.18, 1904.

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No 801,533. PATENTED OGT.10,1905. W. MAASKE. INCANDBSGENT GAS LAMP OF THE INVERTED TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 18, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED OCT. 10, 1905.

W. MAASKE.

INGANDESGENT GAS LAMP OF THE INVERTBD TYPE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG: 18, 1904.

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UNITED STATES PATENT oFFIcE.

W ILHELM MAASKE, OF BERLIN, GERBIANY, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, OF ONE-HALF TO FRANZ GLlNlC KE, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 10, 1905.

Application filed August 18,1904. Serial No. 221,283.

To aZZ- whom, it may concern;

Be it known that LlVILHnLM Mansurra citizen of the Empire of Germany,residing at Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, have invented a new and useful Incandescent Gas-Lamp, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in incandescent gas-lamps of the inverted type, whereby the unsteady and flickering light hitherto produced is avoided and a very steady and intensive light is obtained.

The objects of my improvements are, first, to secure the upper edge of the incandescent mantle, which is closed at the bottom, in a ring concentric with the mixing-tube at a certain distance therefrom and provided with several radial arms; second, to provide on the mixing-tu be several brackets or arms for supporting the arms of the ring and leaving ample space to the escaping burnt gases; third, to provide on the mixing-tube above the several brackets or arms a cap open on one side for the outlet of the burnt gases and arranged for supporting a lamp-shade and a chimney of transparent material, which chimney is closed below and forms a second com bastion-chamber beneath the incandescent mantle; fourth, to provide in this chimney a plurality of air-holes so arranged as to cause the air to enter the second combustion-chamber either at right angles to the vertical axis of the lamp or in directions inclined downwardly toward the center; fifth, to provide on the lower end of the mixing-tube a smooth or slitted mouthpiece; sixth, to provide between the gas-supply tube and the mixing-tube a nozzle, and, seventh, to so arrange the mixing-tube as to protect it from excessive heating. I attain these objects by the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-- Figure 1 is an elevation of an incandescent gas-lam p, the shade and the transparent chimney being shown in section and the incandescent mantle indicated by dotted lines. Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through part of a modified transparent chimney. Fig. 2 is a cross-section through the mixing-tube on the line A B in Fig. 1 and shows in plan the brackets and the ring thereby supported. Fig. 3 shows a modified nozzle in vertical longitudinal section and bottom view. Fig. st shows another modification of the nozzle in elevation and bottom view. Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section through the upper part of the lamp shown at Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is an elevation of the adjustable regulating-nozzle. Figs. 7 and '7 are elevations of two modifications of the adjustable regulating-nozzle. Fig. 8 is a horizontal section through the needles of a further modification of the adjustable regulating-nozzle. 9 is a vertical longitudinal section through a modified mixingtube. Fig. 10 is an elevation of the same. Fig. llis a vertical longitudinal section through a further modification of the mixingtube. Fig. 12 shows a modified mouthpiece of the miXing-tubein section. Fig. 13 shows in elevation and vertical longitudinal section the mouthpiece of the mixing-tube in Fi 1, the incandescent mantle being indicated by dotted lines. Fig. let shows in elevation and vertical longitudinal section a further modification of the mouthpiece. Fig. 15 is a vertical longitudinal section through a modified incandescent mantle and its ring. Fig. 16 is a vertical longitudinal section through a further modification of the incandescent mantle and its ring. Fig. 17 is a plan of the spring used for securing the incandescent mantle in its ring in Fig. 16, and Fig. 18 is a vertical section through part of a third modification of the incandescent mantle and its ring.

Similar characters of reference refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

On the end of the gas-supply tube 8 (see Fig. 1) is secured a convenient nozzle 6, Fig. 5, having in its bottom 10 two holes &1 41. lVithin the nozzle 6 a small tube 23 is arranged, which is provided with a border 26 at the top and two cylindrical pins at the bottom and is pressed upward by a spring 24: against a stop 10. The two pins 25 are beveled oil' on either side, Figs. 7 or 7, or both sides, Figs. 5 and 6, or they may be beveled off on three sides, (see Fig. 8,) so as to present either sharp edges or points, respectively, which engage in the two holes 11 1 and therewith form nozzles for spreading out the gas-jets. The tube 23 can be longitudinally adjusted by means of a tapering adjusting-screw 9.

A mixing-tube 7, widened at the upper end, is attached to the nozzle 6, by means of a thread or otherwise, and provided with several air-holes a2 42. On the miXing-tubeT is fastened in any known manner a cap 4, the downwardly-projecting border 3 of which is cut away on a part-say a fourth-of the periphery (see Fig. 1) and provided with three latter through the holes 42 42.

lugs 43 43. In the latter three set-screws 13 13 are disposed for securing the upper edge of the lamp-shade 2 at a convenient distance from the cap 4, so that an ample outlet is formed for the burned gases escaping in the direction of the arrow 44 in Fig. 1. For further deflecting the burned gases to the side and preventing them from mixing with the fresh air admitted to the mixing-tube 7 a conveniently-shaped ring 45 is preferably secured on the upper edge of the border 3, and, moreover, the edge of the cap 4 is curved upward, somewhat like that of a'cup. Between the nozzle 6 and the cap 4 a vessel 5, surrounding the mixing-tube 7, is disposed and secured in any known manner. This vessel 5 is provided on the lower end with a plurality of air-holes 12 12 and forms a chamber in which the air.

is preliminarily heated by taking up the heat from the mixing-tube 7 before it enters the In this manner the mixing-tube 7 is prevented from being excessively heated. lVhere so preferred, also a plurality of air-holes 11 11 may be provided in the top of the vessel 5 for further cooling the mixing-tube.

The mixing-tube 7 is provided with a mouthpiece 15 of the construction shown at Fig. 13. This mouthpiece 15 has several slits 34 34 and on the external surface several ribs 33 33, so that several points tapering downward are formed. This mouthpiece 15 is at a convenient distance surrounded by an incandescent mantle 21, which is closed at the bottom and forms an internal combustion-chamber. On the mixing-tube 7 is secured a support 16, of fireproof material, such as magnesia or .the like, which is made in one piece with three arms 17 17 and three brackets 18 18. (See Fig. 2.) A ring 20, having three bent arms 19 19, can be easily introduced through the spaces between the three brackets 18 18,turned a little, and placed on the latter. It is this ring 20 on which the upper edge of the incandescent mantle 21 is fastened. The fastening of the mantle 21 on the ring 20 can be effected in various manners. In Fig. 1 the upper edge of the mantle 21 is assumed to be placed on the external surface of the ring 20 and secured in the groove of the latter by means of an encircling spring or threads of asbestos. The incandescent mantle 21 may also have the shape shown at Fig. 15, so that it can be introduced fromabove into the ring 20 and its upper edge may rest on the ring 20 and secured in the external groove of the latterby means of an encircling spring 37, Fig. 17, or asbestos threads. The spring 37 may be covered with asbestos. As shown at Fig. 16, the ring 20 may also have an internal groove 38, in which the edge of the mantle 21 is secured by means of the spring 37. Where so preferred, the groove 38 may be lined with asbestos 39, (see Fig. 18,) on which the mantle 21. is made to rest. In either case the

arms

19 or 19 or 19" require to be shaped accordingly. Projecting from the cap 4 are three brackets 14 14, in which three set-screws 46 46 are disposed for securing the upper edge of a chimney 1 of transparent material, which concentrically surrounds the incandescent mantle 21 at a convenient distance therefrom and forms a spacious second combustion-chamber beneath the mantle 21. The chimney 1 may be contracted in its upper part, as is clearly shown at Fig. 1. It is provided with a plurality of air-holes 23 23, which in oppo sition to hitherto known constructions are so disposed that the air is caused to enter the second combustion-chamber in a direction essentially at right angles to the vertical axis of the lamp without striking the mantle 21.

The incandescent gas-lamp operates as follows: The set-screw 9 is so adjusted that the gas conducted through the supply-tube 8-forcibly escapes through the two holes 41 41 in diverging jets. These gas-jets on entering the mixing-tube 7 produce a vacuum in the widened part of the latter, whereby air is sucked from without through the air-holes 12 12 and 11 11. The air entering the vessel 5 through the lower holes 12 12 is preliminarily heated by the contact with the mixingtube 7, so that this tube 7 is thereby constantly cooled. The preliminarily-heated air enters the widened part of the mixing-tube 7 through the air-holes 42 42 and mixes with thegas in the tube 7. The mixture of air and gas leav ing the tube 7 is at once ignited and burns in the first combustion-chamber within the incandescent mantle 21. A part of the mixture penetrates through the line perforations of the incandescent mantle 21 to the second combustion-chamber within the lower part of the chimney 1, mixes with the air entering through the air-holes 23 23, and therewith produces a flame, which incloses the mantle 21 and escapes upward through the annular space be tween this mantle 21 and the upper part of the vessel 1. The burnt gases mix with those coming from the first combustion-chamber within the mantle 21 and escape with them in the direction of the arrow 44 through the outlet formed by the opening in the border 3 of the cap 4.

The several points 33 of the mouthpiece 15 promote the intimate mixing of the gas and the air and the thorough consumption of the mixture, since part of the latter is divided by the points 33 into several lateral jets, between which the flames pass upward. Owing to the better mixing of the gas and the air, the formation of shades within the incandescent mantle 21 is considerably reduced. It is essential that the arms 17 17 of the support 16 be made sufiiciently long and the annular space between the mixing-tube 7 and the ring 20 be ample to permit the burnt gases to freely escape from the first combustion-chamber. Thereby the combustion of the mixture is promoted and the brightness of the light is l heightened, whereas in the old constructions the annular space between the mixing-tube and the incandescent mantle is very much re- 1 duced, so that a bad combustion is the conset quence. It is furthermore essential that the air entering the second combustion-chamber l through the holes 23 23 be conducted in a direction at right angles to the vertical axis of the lamp. so as not to strike the incandescent mantle 21. Then a steady and intensive light will be thereby obtained, while hitherto in the old lamps the air used to strike the mean descent mantle from below, so that a flickering light was produced and dark stripes were formed on the incandescent mantle.

The incandescent gas-lamp may be varied in many respects without deviating from the spirit of my invention. \Vhere so preferred, the air-holes 23 23 in the chimney 1 may be so placed (see Fig. 1) to cause the air to enter in directions inclined downwardly toward the center. Then theair will neverstrike the incandescent mantle 21. The shape of the transparent chimney 1 may be modified while preserving the direction of the entering air indicated above. The mouthpiece 15 may be left without the slits 3st, (shown at Fig. 13)/'. it may be smooth down to the lower edge 36 and provided on the external surface with several ribs 35, tapering downward, as is shown at Fig. 11. Instead of being cylindrical, as shown, the mouthpiece 15 may either taper or diverge downwardly. The nozzle 6 may be replaced by a simple nozzle 6, Fig. 8, having a cover with two holes 22', the axes of which cross each other, so as to cause the gas to spread out in a thin dovetailed jet, and thus present a large contact-surface to the air with which it is to be mixed, or the nozzle (5 may be replaced by a similar nozzle 6", having in its cover two narrow short tubes 22, downwardly inclined toward the center, (see Fig. 4,) whereby the same effect is produced. The shape of the lamp-shade is immaterial.

Vhere so preferred, the mixing-tube 7 may be made partly of heatnon-conducting material such as asbestos or the like-so as to keep the heat of the light off from the gassupply tube 8, and thereby to intensify the light. Figs. 2) and 10 show such a mode of execution. The metallic mixing-tube T ter- 1 minates at a convenient height above the l mouthpiece 47 and is provided with a flange 1 29, on which, say,two rings 31 31 of non-conducting material are placed. Between the 2828, as SliOWli.

internally lined with asbestos or the like, as is shown at Fig. 12. The flange 29 may also be omitted, and the mixing-tube 7' may be surrounded on its whole length by rings 30 of non-conducting material, and all the various rings 30 30 may be secured in a metallic cylinder 28, attached to the nozzle 6 by means of a threaded flange 32 and to the mouthpiece 47 by means of a thread. The flange 32 may be of saponite or other non-conducting material.

lVhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combination with a gas-supply tube, of a mixing-tube, a cap on said mixing-tn be and having its downwardly-projecting border cut away on a part of the periphery a hood 5 surrounding the mixing-tube and having its lower end restingon the upper side of the cap, said hood having holes therein, a support beneath said cap and provided with brackets projecting downward, a removable ring concentric with and at a distance from said mixing-tube and having arms to rest on said brackets, an incandescent mantle closed at the bottom and secured with its upper edge on said removable ring, arms downwardly projecting from said cap and provided with se t-screws, and a chimney secured by said set screws and leaving with its closed bottom a space beneath said incandescent mantle and provided with a plurality of air-holes so disposed, that the air entering the space does not strike said incandescent mantle.

2. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combination with a gas-supply tube, of a mixing-tube, a cap on said mixing-tube and having its downwardly-projecting border cut away on a part of the periphery a hood 5 surrounding the mixing-tube and having its lower end resting on the upper side of the cap, said hood having holes therein, a lamp-shade secured within the border of said cap while leaving an outlet for the bu rnt gases, a support beneath said cap and provided with brackets projecting downward, a removable ring concentric with and at a distance from said mixing-tube and having arms to rest on said brackets, an incandescent mantle closed at the bottom and secured with its n1pper edge on said removable ring, arms downwardly projecting from said cap and provided with set-screws, and a chimney secured by said set-screws and leaving with its closed bottom a space beneath said incandescent mantle and provided with a plurality of air-holes so disposed, that the air entering the space does not strike said incandescent mantle.

3. .In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combination with a ring, suitably supported from the lamp, of an incandescent mantle closed at the bottom and extending up through the ring with means for hold 7 ing the said mantle to the ring leaving theinner surface of the mantle free from projection, substantially as described.

4:. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combination with a ring adapted to removably rest on a support, of an incandescent mantle closed at the bottom while its upper edge is encircled by said ring and means for securing the mantle to the ring so that the mouth of said mantle will be unobstructed.

5. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inyerted type, the combination with a ring adapted to removably rest on a support and provided with an internal groove, of an incandescent mantle closed at the bottom while its upper edge is encircled by said ring and secured in the groove of the latter by means of a circularly-bent spring so that the mouth of said mantle will be unobstructed.

. 6. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the invertedtype, the combination with a ring adapted to removably rest on a support and provided with an internal groove, of an incandescent mantle closed at the bottom and encircled at the upper edge by said ring, and a circularly-bent spring of fireproof and elastic material for pressing the upper edge of said incandescent mantle into the internal groove of said ring so that the mouth of said mantle will be unobstructed.

7. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combination with a ring adapted to removably rest on a support and provided with an internal groove, of an incandescent mantle closed at the bottom and encircled at the upper edge by said ring, and" a circularly-bent spring of fireproof and elastic material and covered with heat-non-conducting material for pressing the upper edge of said incandescent mantle into the internal groove of said ring so that the mouth of said mantle will be unobstructed.

8. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combination with a ring adapted to removably rest on a support and provided with an internal groove lined with asbestos, of an incandescent mantle closed at the bottom and encircled at the upper edge by said ring, and a circularly-bent spring of fireproof and elastic material for pressing the upper edge of said incandescent mantle into the internal groove of said ring so that the mouth of said mantle will be unobstructed.

9. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combination with a mixingtube, of a mouthpiece secured in the lower end of said mixing-tube and provided with a plurality of downwardly-tapering points.

10. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combination with a-mixingtube, of a mouthpiece secured in the lower end of said mixing-tube and having a plurality of longitudinal slits around its lower periphery having a plurality of V-shaped projections and a plurality of external ribs on said projections, said ribs tapering downwardly.

11. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combination with a mixingtube having a flange at the lower end, of a mouthpiece at a distance beneath the flange of said mixing-tube, a plurality of rings of fireproof and heat-non-conducting material between said mouthpiece and the flange of said mixing-tube and forming the continuation of the latter, and means for securing all said parts.

12. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combination with a mixingtube having a flange at the lower end, of a mouth piece of fireproof andheat-non-conducting material at a distance beneath the flange of said mixing-tube, a plurality of rings of fireproof and heat-non-conducting material between said mouthpiece and the flange of said mixing-tube andforming the continuation of'the latter, and a metallic cage inclosing said mouthpiece, said plurality of rings and the flange of said mixing-tube.

13. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combination with a gas-supply tube, of a mixing-tube attached to said gas-supply tube and provided at the upper end with a plurality of air-holes, a cap on said mixing-tube for supporting the lamp-shade, and a vessel surrounding said mixing-tube between said gas-supply tube and said cap and provided at the lower end with a plurality of air-holes, so that the entering air is preliminarily heated by the contact with the mixingtube.

14. In an incandescent gas-lamp of the inverted type, the combination with a gas-supply tube, of a mixing-tube attached to said gas-supply tube and provided at the upper end with a plurality of air-holes, a cap on said mixing-tube for supporting the lampshade, and a vessel surrounding said mixing-tube between said gas-supply tube and said cap and provided at the lower and the upper ends respectively with a plurality of air-holes, so that the air entering through the lower airholes is preliminarily heated by the contact with the mixing-tube and the air entering through the upper air-holes prevents the mixing-tube from being excessively heated.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILHELM MAASKE.

Vv'itnesses:

HENRY HASPER, WOLDEMAR HAUPT.