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  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
  • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
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  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

• the present invention is directed to compounds of formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof that selectively modulate, regulate, and/or inhibit signal transduction mediated by certain native and/or mutant protein kinases implicated in a variety of human and animal diseases such as cell proliferative, metabolic, allergic, and degenerative disorders. More particularly, these compounds are potent and selective native and/or mutant c-kit inhibitors.
• Protein Kinases are receptor type or non-receptor type proteins, which transfer the terminal phosphate of ATP to aminoacid residues, such as tyrosine, threonine, serine residues, of proteins, thereby activating or inactivating signal transduction pathways. These proteins are known to be involved in many cellular mechanisms, which in case of disruption, lead to disorders such as abnormal cell proliferation and migration as well as inflammation.
• Protein kinases include the well-known Abl, Akt1, Akt2, Akt3, ALK, Alk5, A-Raf, Axl, B-Raf, Brk, Btk, Cdk2, Cdk4, Cdk5, Cdk6, CHK1, c-Raf-1, Csk, EGFR, EphA1, EphA2, EphB2, EphB4, Erk2, Fak, Fes, Fer, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4, Flt-3, Fms, Frk, Fyn, Gsk3 ⁇ , Gsk3 ⁇ , HCK, Her2/Erbb2, Her4/Erbb4, IGF1R, IKK beta, Irak4, Itk, Jak1, Jak2, Jak3, Jnk1, Jnk2, Jnk3, KDR, Kit, Lck, Lyn, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, MAP4K4, MAPKAPK2, Met, Mer,
• Abnormal cellular responses triggered by protein kinase-mediated events produce a variety of diseases. These include autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, allergies and asthma, Alzheimer's disease and hormone-related diseases.
• Tyrosine kinases are receptor type or non-receptor type proteins, which transfer the terminal phosphate of ATP to tyrosine residues of proteins thereby activating or inactivating signal transduction pathways. These proteins are known to be involved in many cellular mechanisms, which in case of disruption, lead to disorders such as abnormal cell proliferation and migration as well as inflammation.
• VEGF receptors As of today, there are about 58 known receptor tyrosine kinases. Included are the well-known VEGF receptors (Kim et al., Nature 362, pp. 841-844, 1993), PDGF receptors, c-kit, Flt-3 and the FLK family. These receptors can transmit signals to other tyrosine kinases including Src, Raf, Frk, Btk, Csk, Abl, Fes/Fps, Fak, Jak, Ack, etc.
• VEGF receptors As of today, there are about 58 known receptor tyrosine kinases. Included are the well-known VEGF receptors (Kim et al., Nature 362, pp. 841-844, 1993), PDGF receptors, c-kit, Flt-3 and the FLK family. These receptors can transmit signals to other tyrosine kinases including Src, Raf, Frk, Btk, Csk
• c-kit is of special interest. Indeed, c-kit is a key receptor activating mast cells, which have proved to be directly or indirectly implicated in numerous pathologies for which the Applicant filed WO 03/004007, WO 03/004006, WO 03/003006, WO 03/003004, WO 03/002114, WO 03/002109, WO 03/002108, WO 03/002107, WO 03/002106, WO 03/002105, WO 03/039550, WO 03/035050, WO 03/035049, U.S. 60/359,652, U.S. 60/359,651 and U.S.
• mast cells present in tissues of patients are implicated in or contribute to the genesis of diseases such as autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)), allergic diseases, bone loss, cancers such as solid tumors, leukaemia and GIST, tumor angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, interstitial cystitis, mastocytosis, graft-versus-host diseases, infection diseases, metabolic disorders, fibrosis, diabetes and CNS diseases.
• autoimmune diseases rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)
• IBD inflammatory bowel diseases
• IBD inflammatory bowel diseases
• cancers such as solid tumors, leukaemia and GIST, tumor angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, interstitial cystitis, mastocytosis, graft-versus-host diseases, infection diseases, metabolic disorders, fibrosis, diabetes and CNS diseases.
• mast cells participate in the destruction of tissues by releasing a cocktail of different proteases and mediators such as histamine, neutral proteases, lipid-derived mediators (prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes), and various cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, TNF- ⁇ , GM-CSF, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, MIP-2 and IFN- ⁇ ).
• proteases and mediators such as histamine, neutral proteases, lipid-derived mediators (prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes), and various cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, TNF- ⁇ , GM-CSF, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, MIP-2 and IFN- ⁇ ).
• the c-kit receptor also can be constitutively activated by mutations leading to abnormal cell proliferation and development of diseases such as mastocytosis (D816V mutation) and various cancers such as GIST (c-kit ⁇ 27, a juxtamembrane deletion).
• diseases such as mastocytosis (D816V mutation) and various cancers such as GIST (c-kit ⁇ 27, a juxtamembrane deletion).
• SCF stem cell factor
• the main objective underlying the present invention is therefore to find potent and selective compounds capable of inhibiting wild type and/or mutated protein kinases, in particular wild type and/or mutated tyrosine kinases, and more particularly wild type and/or mutated c-kit.
• the invention aims to find a class of compounds as good candidates for use as active ingredients in a medicament, more particularly for the treatment of autoimmunes diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases cancers, and diseases implicating wild type and/or mutated c-Kit over-activation.
• compounds of formula I are potent and selective inhibitors of certain protein kinases such as wild type and/or mutated c-kit. These compounds are good candidates for treating diseases such as autoimmunes diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, cancers and diseases implicating wild type and/or mutated c-Kit over-activation.
• Compounds of the present invention were screened for their ability to inhibit a protein kinase and in particular a tyrosine kinase, and more particularly c-Kit and/or mutant c-Kit.
• the invention is directed to compounds of formula I, which may represent either free base forms of the substances, tautomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or solvate thereof:
• the invention covers prodrugs of the compounds of the invention.
• Prodrug means any compound administered in an inactive or significantly less active form than after its bioactivation. Once administered, the prodrug is metabolised in vivo, in one or more steps, into a therapeutically active compound (drug). A prodrug is usually not a therapeutically active compound itself and will usually not elicit in vitro the biological response of the corresponding therapeutically active compound after bioactivation.
• alkyl means a saturated straight chain or branched non-cyclic hydrocarbon having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Representative saturated straight chain alkyls include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl and n-decyl; while saturated branched alkyls include isopropyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, isopentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 2-methylhexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 4-methylhexyl, 5-methylhexyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl,
• aryl means a monocyclic or polycyclic-aromatic radical comprising carbon and hydrogen atoms.
• suitable aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, tolyl, anthracenyl, fluorenyl, indenyl, azulenyl, and naphthyl, as well as benzo-fused carbocyclic moieties such as 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl.
• An aryl group can be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
• Aryl groups included in compounds of this invention may be optionally substituted with a solubilising group.
• alkoxy refers to an alkyl group as defined above which is attached to another moiety by an oxygen atom.
• alkoxy groups include methoxy, isopropoxy, ethoxy, tert-butoxy, and the like.
• Alkoxy groups may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• Alkoxy groups included in compounds of this invention may be optionally substituted with a solubilising group.
• thioalkyl refers to an alkyl group as defined above which is attached to another moiety by a sulfur atom.
• Thioalkyl groups may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• Thioalkyl groups included in compounds of this invention may be optionally substituted with a solubilising group.
• heterocycloalkyl means a monocyclic or polycyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from O, N or S, and which has from 2 to 11 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated, but is not aromatic.
• heterocycloalkyl groups including (but not limited to): piperidinyl, piperazinyl, N-methylpiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, hydantoinyl, valerolactamyl, oxiranyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, tetrahydropyrindinyl, tetrahydropyrimidinyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl sulfone, tetrahydrothiopyranyl sulfoxide, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl sulfoxide, thiomorpholinyl sulfone, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuranyl, di
• monocyclic heterocycloalkyl groups have 3 to 7 members.
• Preferred 3 to 7 membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl groups are those having 5 or 6 ring atoms.
• a heteroatom may be substituted with a protecting group known to those of ordinary skill in the art, for example, the hydrogen on a nitrogen may be substituted with a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
• heterocycloalkyl groups may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• the point of attachment of a heterocyclic ring to another group may be at either a carbon atom or a heteroatom of a heterocyclic ring. Only stable isomers of such substituted heterocyclic groups are contemplated in this definition.
• heteroaryl or like terms mean a monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaromatic ring comprising carbon atom ring members and one or more heteroatom ring members (such as, for example, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen).
• a heteroaryl group has from 1 to about 5 heteroatom ring members and from 1 to about 14 carbon atom ring members.
• heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, 1-oxo-pyridyl, furanyl, benzo[1,3]dioxolyl, benzo[1,4]dioxinyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, quinolinyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isoquinolinyl, indazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzofuryl, indolizinyl, imidazopyridyl, tetrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, indolyl, tetrahydroindolyl, aza
• a heteroatom may be substituted with a protecting group known to those of ordinary skill in the art, for example, the hydrogen on nitrogen may be substituted with a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
• Heteroaryl groups may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• nitrogen or sulfur heteroatom ring members may be oxidized.
• the heteroaromatic ring is selected from 5-8 membered monocyclic heteroaryl rings. The point of attachment of a heteroaromatic or heteroaryl ring to another group may be at either a carbon atom or a heteroatom of the heteroaromatic or heteroaryl rings.
• Heteroaryl groups included in compounds of this invention may be optionally substituted with a solubilising group.
• haloalkyl means an alkyl group as defined above in which one or more (including all) the hydrogen radicals are replaced by a halo group, wherein each halo group is independently selected from —F, —Cl, —Br, and —I.
• halomethyl means a methyl in which one to three hydrogen radical(s) have been replaced by a halo group.
• Representative haloalkyl groups include trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, bromomethyl, 1,2-dichloroethyl, 4-iodobutyl, 2-fluoropentyl, and the like.
• Haloalkyl groups may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• Haloalkyl groups included in compounds of this invention may be optionally substituted with a solubilising group.
• haloalkoxy means an alkoxy group as defined above in which one or more (including all) the hydrogen radicals are replaced by a halo group, wherein each halo group is independently selected from —F, —Cl, —Br, and —I.
• Representative haloalkoxy groups include trifluoromethoxy, bromomethoxy, 1,2-dichloroethoxy, 4-iodobutoxy, 2-fluoropentoxy, and the like.
• Haloalkoxy groups may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
• Haloalkoxy groups included in compounds of this invention may be optionally substituted with a solubilising group.
• substituted means that a hydrogen radical on a compound or group or radical or moiety is replaced with any desired group that is substantially stable to reaction conditions in an unprotected form or when protected using a protecting group.
• substituents are those found in the exemplary compounds and embodiments disclosed herein, as well as halogen, alkyl or aryl or heteroaryl groups as defined above, hydroxyl, alkoxy as defined above, nitro, thiol, thioalkyl as defined above, cyano, haloalkyl as defined above, haloalkoxy as defined above, cycloalkyl, which may be monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl) or a solubilising group, as well as —NRR′, —NR—CO—R′, —CONRR′, —SO 2 NRR′ group wherein R and R′ are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl or aryl or heteroaryl groups as defined above.
• the term “solubilising” group means a group which has a hydrophilic character sufficient to improve or increase the water-solubility of the compound in which it is included, as compared to an analog compound that does not include the group.
• the hydrophilic character can be achieved by any means, such as by the inclusion of functional groups that ionize under the conditions of use to form charged moieties (e.g., carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, phosphoric acids, amines, etc.); groups that include permanent charges (e.g., quaternary ammonium groups); and/or heteroatoms or heteroatomic groups (e.g., O, S, N, NH, N—(CH 2 ) z R, N—(CH 2 ) z —C(O)R, N—(CH 2 ) z —C(O)OR, N—(CH 2 ) z —S(O) 2 R, N—(CH 2 ) z —S(O) 2 OR, N——(
• solubilising group is of the formula:
• L is selected from the group consisting of CH and N
• M is selected from the group consisting of —CH(R)—, —CH 2 —, —O—, —S—, —NH—, —N(—(CH 2 ) z —R)—, —N(CH 2 ) z —C(O)R)—, —N(—(CH 2 ) z —C(O)OR)—, —N(—(CH 2 ) z —S(O) 2 R)—, —N(CH 2 ) z —S(O) 2 OR)— and —N(—(CH 2 ) z —C(O)NRR′)—, where z is an integer ranging from 0 to 6, R and R′ each independently are selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with one or more heteroatoms such as halogen (selected from F, Cl, Br or I), oxygen, and nitrogen;
• the solubilising group is selected from the group consisting of morpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl piperidinyl, in particular N-methyl piperidinyl and N-ethyl piperidinyl, N-(4-piperidinyl)piperidinyl, 4-(l-piperidinyl)piperidinyl, 1-pyrrolidinylpiperidinyl, 4-morpholinopiperidinyl, 4-(N-methyl-1-piperazinyl)piperidinyl, piperazinyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 )alkylpiperazinyl, in particular N-methyl piperazinyl and N-ethyl piperazinyl, N—(C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl piperazinyl, in particular N-cyclohexyl piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, N—(C
• Preferred compounds of formula I are those wherein A is thiazole substituted by one R 1 representing an aryl or heteroaryl group, optionally substituted by one or more substituents.
• the invention relates to compounds wherein X is —(CH 2 )n, n is 0, and Q is aryl, for example a phenyl, optionally substituted by one or more substituents.
• R 2 is a C 1 -C 6 alkylgroup, for example a methyl group
• R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen.
• the invention relates to compounds of formula IV wherein R 1a is hydrogen and R 1b is aryl or heteroaryl, optionally substituted by one or more substituents.
• the invention relates to compounds wherein X is —(CH 2 )n, n is 0, and Q is aryl, for example a phenyl, optionally substituted by one or more substituents.
• the invention relates to compounds of formula V, wherein R 2 is a C 1 -C 6 alkylgroup, for example a methyl group, R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen and R 5 is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, for example a methyl ethyl, isopropyl, more particularly methyl.
• the invention relates to compounds of formulas III and V, wherein Ra and Re are hydrogen and Rb, Rc, and Rd are each independently selected from an hydrogen, an halogen, an halomethyl, a linear or branched C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 4 alkoxy group, an C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 4 hydroxyalkyl group, a C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an heteroaryl group, an heterocycloalkyl group, an hydroxyl, a thioalkyl, a cyano, an haloalkoxy, a —C ⁇ C—R, a solubilising group, —NRR′, —NR—CO—R′, —CONRR′, —SO 2 NRR′, —NRSO 2 R′, —(CH 2 ) p —NRR′, —O
• the invention relates to compounds of formulas III and V, wherein Ra and Re are hydrogen, one of Rb, Rc, and Rd is hydrogen, two of Rb, Rc, and Rd are each independently selected from an hydrogen, an halogen, an halomethyl, a linear or branched C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a C 1 -C 4 alkoxy group, an C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl group, a C 1 -C 4 hydroxyalkyl group, a C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an heteroaryl group, an heterocycloalkyl group, an hydroxyl, a thioalkyl, a cyano, an haloalkoxy, a —C ⁇ C—R, a solubilising group, —NRR′, —NR—CO—R′, —CONRR′, —SO 2 NRR′, —NRSO 2 R′, —
• the aminoheteroaryl (VI) can be reacted with compounds of formula (VII) in the presence of base through copper or palladium coupling reaction, where L1 can be I, Br or Cl.
• L1 can be I, Br or Cl.
• the tert-butyl ester in compounds (VIII) can be cleaved under acid conditions to give compounds (IX).
• the nitro group in compounds (IX) undergoes reduction under standard conditions to provide the expected dianilines (X).
• compounds of formula (I ⁇ ) may be prepared by a reaction between dianilines (X) and aldehydes (XI) under basic conditions with a suitable solvent such as DMF, in the presence of sodium bisulfite, as shown in scheme 1 below.
• Compounds of formula (I ⁇ ) may alternatively be prepared according to the protocol outlined in scheme 2 below, by reacting dianiline (X) and compound (XII), wherein L2 is alkoxy or halogen or hydroxyl group. Wherein L2 is alkoxy group, the ester (XII) is coupled with (X) using trimethylaluminium as activating agent in aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane or toluene. Wherein L2 is a halogen such as chloride, the acyl chloride (XII) is coupled with (X) in basic condition using preferably triethylamine in aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane.
• A is a thiazole ring
• the corresponding compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by method outlined in scheme 4. Reaction of an appropriately protected thiourea (XVI) with an acylbromide at a temperature preferably between 20° C. and 80° C. in the presence of a base such as K 2 CO 3 and in a solvent such as methanol, yields compounds (XVII). Treatment of compounds (XVII) with ammonium hydroxide at a temperature between 60° C. and 100° C. yields the aniline (XVIII). Finally and according to methods described in scheme 1 and scheme 2, compounds (XIX) of formula (I) wherein A is a thiazole ring are obtained.
• A is an oxazole ring
• the corresponding compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by method outlined in scheme 5.
• acylazide (XX) Reaction of substituted isothiocyanate (XXI) with acylazide (XX) in the presence of a phosphine such as triphenylphosphine, in a solvent such as dioxane and at a temperature preferably between 20° C. and 100° C. yields compounds (XXII).
• Treatment of compounds (XX) with ammonium hydroxide at a temperature between 60° C. and 100° C. yields the aniline (XXIII).
• compounds (XXIV) of formula (I) wherein A is an oxazole ring are obtained.
• the flow used is 6 mL/min, and the eluents are Water+0.1% Formic acid (eluent A) and Acetonitrile+0.1% Formic acid (eluent B).
• the column used was a Waters HSS C18 1.7 ⁇ m, 2.1 ⁇ 50 mm.
• the detection instrument used was the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQD) using ESI positive and negative mode.
• Compound 034 was prepared according to the synthetic approach described above.
• Compound 038 was prepared according to the synthetic approach described above using 4-pyridin-3-yl-pyrimidin-2-ylamine III-b.
• the invention relates to compositions, in particular to a pharmaceutical composition, comprising at least one compound as depicted above.
• Such a pharmaceutical composition can be adapted for oral administration, and can be formulated using pharmaceutically acceptable carriers well known in the art in suitable dosages.
• Such carriers enable the pharmaceutical compositions to be formulated as tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions, and the like, for ingestion by the patient.
• these pharmaceutical compositions may contain suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers comprising excipients and auxiliaries which facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations which can be used pharmaceutically. Further details on techniques for formulation and administration may be found in the latest edition of Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (Maack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.).
• composition of the invention can also take the form of a pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition for topical administration.
• compositions may be presented in the form of a gel, paste, ointment, cream, lotion, liquid suspension aqueous, aqueous-alcoholic or, oily solutions, or dispersions of the lotion or serum type, or anhydrous or lipophilic gels, or emulsions of liquid or semi-solid consistency of the milk type, obtained by dispersing a fatty phase in an aqueous phase or vice versa, or of suspensions or emulsions of soft, semi-solid consistency of the cream or gel type, or alternatively of microemulsions, of microcapsules, of microparticles or of vesicular dispersions to the ionic and/or nonionic type.
• These compositions are prepared according to standard methods.
• composition according to the invention comprises any ingredient commonly used in dermatology and cosmetic. It may comprise at least one ingredient selected from hydrophilic or lipophilic gelling agents, hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents, preservatives, emollients, viscosity enhancing polymers, humectants, surfactants, preservatives, antioxidants, solvents, and fillers, antioxidants, solvents, perfumes, fillers, screening agents, bactericides, odor absorbers and coloring matter.
• oils which can be used in the invention mineral oils (liquid paraffin), vegetable oils (liquid fraction of shea butter, sunflower oil), animal oils, synthetic oils, silicone oils (cyclomethicone) and fluorinated oils may be mentioned.
• Fatty alcohols, fatty acids (stearic acid) and waxes (paraffin, carnauba, beeswax) may also be used as fatty substances.
• emulsifiers glycerols, polysorbates, glycerides, and PEGs can be used in the invention.
• hydrophilic gelling agents carboxyvinyl polymers (carbomer), acrylic copolymers such as acrylate/alkylacrylate copolymers, polyacrylamides, polysaccharides such as hydroxypropylcellulose, clays and natural gums may be mentioned, and as lipophilic gelling agents, modified clays such as bentones, metal salts of fatty acids such as aluminum stearates and hydrophobic silica, or alternatively ethylcellulose and polyethylene may be mentioned.
• hydrophilic active agents proteins or protein hydrolysates, amino acids, polyols, urea, allantoin, sugars and sugar derivatives, vitamins, starch and plant extracts, in particular those of Aloe vera may be used.
• agents As lipophilic active, agents, retinol (vitamin A) and its derivatives, tocopherol (vitamin E) and its derivatives, essential fatty acids, ceramides and essential oils may be used. These agents add extra moisturizing or skin softening features when utilized.
• a surfactant can be included in the composition so as to provide deeper penetration of the compound capable of depleting mast cells, such as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, preferably a c-kit inhibitor.
• the invention embraces penetration enhancing agents selected for example from the group consisting of mineral oil, water, ethanol, triacetin, glycerin and propylene glycol; cohesion agents selected for example from the group consisting of polyisobutylene, polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl alcohol, and thickening agents.
• compounds with penetration enhancing properties include sodium lauryl sulfate (Dugard, P. H. and Sheuplein, R. J., “Effects of Ionic Surfactants on the Permeability of Human Epidermis: An Electrometric Study,” J. Ivest. Dermatol., V.60, pp. 263-69, 1973), lauryl amine oxide (Johnson et. al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,411,893), azone (Rajadhyaksha, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,405,616 and 3,989,816) and decylmethyl sulfoxide (Sekura, D. L.
• a second class of chemical enhancers are generally referred to as co-solvents. These materials are absorbed topically relatively easily, and, by a variety of mechanisms, achieve permeation enhancement for some drugs.
• Ethanol (Gale et. al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,615,699 and Campbell et. al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,460,372 and 4,379,454)
• dimethyl sulfoxide U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,740,420 and 3,743,727, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,575,515)
• glycerine derivatives U.S. Pat. No. 4,322,433 are a few examples of compounds which have shown an ability to enhance the absorption of various compounds.
• This invention covers medical devices comprising a composition of the invention.
• compositions of the invention can also be intended for administration as an aerosolized formulation to target areas of a patient's respiratory tract.
• Formulations are preferably solutions, e.g. aqueous solutions, ethanoic solutions, aqueous/ethanoic solutions, saline solutions, colloidal suspensions and microcrystalline suspensions.
• aerosolized particles comprise the active ingredient mentioned above and a carrier, (e.g., a pharmaceutically active respiratory drug and carrier) which are formed upon forcing the formulation through a nozzle which nozzle is preferably in the form of a flexible porous membrane.
• the particles have a size which is sufficiently small such that when the particles are formed they remain suspended in the air for a sufficient amount of time such that the patient can inhale the particles into the patient's lungs.
• the pharmaceutical preparation is made in that the active substance is dissolved or dispersed in a suitable nontoxic medium and said solution or dispersion atomized to an aerosol, i.e. distributed extremely finely in a carrier gas.
• aerosol i.e. distributed extremely finely in a carrier gas.
• the invention is also directed to aerosol devices comprising the compound as defined above and such a formulation, preferably with metered dose valves.
• compositions of the invention can also be intended for intranasal administration.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carriers for administering the compound to the nasal mucosal surfaces will be readily appreciated by the ordinary artisan. These carriers are described in the Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences” 16th edition, 1980, Ed. By Arthur Osol, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
• the composition can be formulated into a solution, e.g., water or isotonic saline, buffered or unbuffered, or as a suspension, for intranasal administration as drops or as a spray.
• a solution e.g., water or isotonic saline, buffered or unbuffered, or as a suspension
• such solutions or suspensions are isotonic relative to nasal secretions and of about the same pH, ranging e.g., from about pH 4.0 to about pH 7.4 or, from pH 6.0 to pH 7.0.
• Buffers should be physiologically compatible and include, simply by way of example, phosphate buffers.
• a representative nasal decongestant is described as being buffered to a pH of about 6.2 (Remington's, Id. at page 1445).
• a suitable saline content and pH for an innocuous aqueous carrier for nasal and/or upper respiratory administration is described as being buffered to a pH of about 6.2 (Remington's, Id. at page 1445).
• the ordinary artisan can readily determine a suitable saline content and pH for an innocuous aqueous carrier for nasal and/or upper respiratory administration.
• Common intranasal carriers include nasal gels, creams, pastes or ointments with a viscosity of, e.g., from about 10 to about 3000 cps, or from about 2500 to 6500 cps, or greater, may also be used to provide a more sustained contact with the nasal mucosal surfaces.
• Such carrier viscous formulations may be based upon, simply by way of example, alkylcelluloses and/or other biocompatible carriers of high viscosity well known to the art (see e.g., Remington's, cited supra.
• a preferred alkylcellulose is, e.g., methylcellulose in a concentration ranging from about 5 to about 1000 or more mg per 100 ml of carrier.
• a more preferred concentration of methyl cellulose is, simply by way of example, from about 25 mg to about 150 mg per 100 ml of carrier.
• ingredients such as art known preservatives, colorants, lubricating or viscous mineral or vegetable oils, perfumes, natural or synthetic plant extracts such as aromatic oils, and humectants and viscosity enhancers such as, e.g., glycerol, can also be included to provide additional viscosity, moisture retention and a pleasant texture and odor for the formulation.
• various devices are available in the art for the generation of drops, droplets and sprays.
• a premeasured unit dosage dispenser including a dropper or spray device containing a solution or suspension for delivery as drops or as a spray is prepared containing one or more doses of the drug to be administered and is another object of the invention.
• the invention also includes a kit containing one or more unit dehydrated doses of the compound, together with any required salts and/or buffer agents, preservatives, colorants and the like, ready for preparation of a solution or suspension by the addition of a suitable amount of water.
• Another aspect of the invention is directed to the use of at least one compound of the invention to manufacture a medicament.
• the invention is also directed to compounds of the invention for use as a medicament or in the methods of treatment of the invention.
• the invention embraces a method for treating a disease related to unregulated c-kit transduction comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound as defined above to a mammal in need of such treatment.
• the invention is aimed at a method for treating a disease selected from autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, bone loss, cancers such as leukemia and GIST, tumor angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), interstitial cystitis, mastocytosis, infections diseases, metabolic disorders, fibrosis, diabetes and CNS disorders comprising administering an effective amount of at least one compound depicted above to a mammal in need of such treatment.
• a disease selected from autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, bone loss, cancers such as leukemia and GIST, tumor angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), interstitial cystitis, mastocytosis, infections diseases, metabolic disorders, fibrosis, diabetes and CNS disorders
• the above described compounds are useful for manufacturing a medicament for the treatment of diseases related to unregulated c-kit transduction, including, but not limited to:
• the invention contemplates the use of the compounds as defined above for treating the different categories which can be classified as follows:
• Category I is composed by two sub-categories (IA and IB).
• Category IA is made by diseases in which mast cell infiltration is strictly localized to the skin. This category represents the most frequent form of the disease and includes: i) urticaria pigmentosa, the most common form of cutaneous mastocytosis, particularly encountered in children, ii) diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis, iii) solitary mastocytoma and iv) some rare subtypes like bullous, erythrodermic and teleangiectatic mastocytosis. These forms are characterized by their excellent prognosis with spontaneous remissions in children and a very indolent course in adults.
• Category IB is represented by indolent systemic disease (SM) with or without cutaneous involvement. These forms are much more usual in adults than in children. The course of the disease is often indolent, but sometimes signs of aggressive or malignant mastocytosis can occur, leading to progressive impaired organ function.
• Category II includes mastocytosis with an associated hematological disorder, such as a myeloproliferative or myelodysplastic syndrome, or acute leukemia. These malignant mastocytosis does not usually involve the skin. The progression of the disease depends generally on the type of associated hematological disorder that conditions the prognosis.
• Category III is represented by aggressive systemic mastocytosis in which massive infiltration of multiple organs by abnormal mast cells is common. In patients who pursue this kind of aggressive clinical course, peripheral blood features suggestive of a myeloproliferative disorder are more prominent. The progression of the disease can be very rapid, similar to acute leukemia, or some patients can show a longer survival time.
• category IV of mastocytosis includes the mast cell leukemia, characterized by the presence of circulating mast cells and mast cell progenitors representing more than 10% of the white blood cells. This entity represents probably the rarest type of leukemia in humans, and has a very poor prognosis, similar to the rapidly progressing variant of malignant mastocytosis. Mast cell leukemia can occur either de novo or as the terminal phase of urticaria pigmentosa or systemic mastocytosis.
• the invention also contemplates the method as depicted for the treatment of recurrent bacterial infections, resurging infections after asymptomatic periods such as bacterial cystitis. More particularly, the invention can be practiced for treating FimH expressing bacteria infections such as Gram-negative enterobacteria including E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Citrobactor freudii and Salmonella typhimurium.
• FimH expressing bacteria infections such as Gram-negative enterobacteria including E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Citrobactor freudii and Salmonella typhimurium.
• the invention is directed to a method for treating neoplastic diseases such as mastocytosis, canine mastocytoma, solid tumours, human gastrointestinal stromal tumor (“GIST”), small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, acute myelocytic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myelogenous leukemia, colorectal carcinomas, gastric carcinomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, testicular cancers, glioblastomas, and astrocytomas comprising administering a compound as defined herein to a human or mammal, especially dogs and cats, in need of such treatment.
• GIST human gastrointestinal stromal tumor
• the invention is directed to a method for treating allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic sinusitis, anaphylactic syndrome, urticaria, angioedema, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, cutaneous necrotizing venulitis and insect bite skin inflammation and blood sucking parasitic infestation
• allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic sinusitis, anaphylactic syndrome, urticaria, angioedema, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, cutaneous necrotizing venulitis and insect bite skin inflammation and blood sucking parasitic infestation
• administering a compound as defined herein to a human or mammal, especially dogs and cats, in need of such treatment.
• the invention is directed to a method for treating inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, conjunctivitis, rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis and other arthritic conditions comprising administering a compound as defined herein to a human in need of such treatment.
• inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, conjunctivitis, rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis and other arthritic conditions
• the invention is directed to a method for treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Motor Neurone Disease (MND), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
• neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Motor Neurone Disease (MND), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
• the invention is directed to a method for treating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, intestine inflammatory disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and polyarthritis, local and systemic scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, cutaneous lupus, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, Sjogren's syndrome, nodular panarteritis, autoimmune enteropathy, as well as proliferative glomerulonephritis comprising administering a compound as defined herein to a human in need of such treatment.
• autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, intestine inflammatory disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and polyarthritis
• local and systemic scleroderma systemic lupus ery
• the invention is directed to a method for treating graft-versus-host disease or graft rejection in any organ transplantation including kidney, pancreas, liver, heart, lung, and bone marrow comprising administering a compound as defined herein to a human in need of such treatment.
• the compounds of the invention or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can be administered in combination with one or more other active pharmaceutical agents in amounts sufficient to provide a therapeutic effect.
• the co-administration of the compounds of the invention and the other agent(s) is simultaneous.
• the co-administration of the compounds of the invention and the other agent(s) is sequential.
• Colorimetric cell proliferation and viability assay (reagent CellTiter-Blue purchased from Promega cat N°G8081) was performed on BaF3 Kit WT cell line.
• a total of 2.10 4 cells/50 ⁇ l were seeded per well of a 96-wells plate. Treatment was initiated by addition of a 2 ⁇ drug solution of 1 ⁇ 2 serial dilutions ranging from 0 to 10 ⁇ M. After incubating for 48 hours at 37° C., 10 ⁇ l of a 1 ⁇ 2 dilution of CellTiter-Blue reagent was added to each well and the plates were returned to the incubator for an additional 4 hours. The fluorescence intensity from the CellTiter-Blue reagent is proportional to the number of viable cells and data were recorded (544 Ex /590 Em ) using a POLARstar OMEGA microplate reader (BMG LabteckSarl). A background control without cells was used as a blank.
• the positive control of the assay corresponds to the cell proliferation obtained in the absence of drug treatment (100% proliferation). Each sample was done in triplicate. The results were expressed as a percentage of the proliferation obtained in absence of treatment. All drugs were prepared as 20 mM stock solutions in DMSO and conserved at ⁇ 80° C. Drug dilutions were made fresh in medium before each experiment. A DMSO control was included in each experiment.
• the cell line expressing Human Kit WT was derived from the murine IL3-dependent Ba/F3 proB lymphoid cells.
• Ba/F3 Kit WT cells were maintained in RPMI medium containing 10% FCS and supplemented with 250 ng/ml of recombinant murine SCF.
• the inventors observed a very effective inhibition of a protein kinase and more particularly of native c-kit by the class of compounds of formula (I) of the invention.
• the listed compounds in Table 2 are well representing the class of compounds of formula (I).

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