US1014336A - Type-writing machine. - Google Patents

Description

W W J 2 SHEETS SHEB'I' 1.

Patented Jan 9, 1912.

0, H. SHEPARD, TYPE WRITIEG MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV 10 1910 WlTNEEJEEE: 5% m HlE-ATTURNEY 0. H.'SHEPARD. TYPE WRITINGMAGHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 10, 1910.

Patented Jan. 9, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTEIR:

-L L HISATTLJRNEY man sTnliEj TE O PANY, or ILIQN; NEW YORK, A CORI'ORATION or New YORK.

'ryrnwnrrme MACHINE.

'Machines, ofwhich the. following is a specification. D My invention relates to typewrlting ma"- to carriage chines and more particularly The present invention is in the nature an improvement on the constructions.-dis

closed in my two 'companlon applications Serial Nos. 591,679 and 591,680 filed of ev'en date herewith:

The intention has some of the. same general objects in view as the con-- structions disclosed in said companion applications, namely, toprovide an easily opei'ated, eflicient and reliable carriage feed or escapement nechanism and one in which the wear on the escapement devices 1s greatly reduced, and also to provide means which enable the parts to be regulated at will to ordinary 'or reverse feed at will. I

To the above and other ends which will hereinafter appear, my invention consists in the features of construction, arrangements of parts and combinations of devices to be hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings wherein like reference characters indicate corresponding parts in the various views, Figure 1 is a fragmentary, vertical, central, fore and aft sectional view of one form of typewriting machine embodying my invention. Fig. 2 1s a fragmentary rear elevation showing a portion of the escapement devices. Figs. 3,

4 and 5 are detail fragmentary side eleva-v tions with parts in sections of the escapelnent mechanism, the different views showing the parts disposed in difi'erent positions.

I have shown my invention embodied in the present instance ina N0. 10 Remington machine, although "only a conventional rep resentation of the carriage appears in the drawings. It should beunderstood that the invention may be embodied in various styles of typewriting machines.

' The frame of the machine comprises a base 1, corner posts 2 and a top plate 3. Key

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 9,1912.

Application filed November 10, 1910. Serial No. 591,681}.

and each key lever is provided with a key 6 and with a returning spring 6. Each key lever is connected with an upwardly extending link 7 connected atits' upper end to a sub-lever 8; pivoted. at 9 to ahangerlO. A rearwardly extending ii-nk ll is connected to each sub-lever S at ts forward end, and to a type bar 12 at its rear end. The type bars are each pivoted at 13 to a hanger 14, secured to a type bar segment 15. The type bars are segmentally' arranged tostrike upwardly and rearwardly against the front face of a. cylindrical platen 16mounted in a carriage 17 having front and rear oppositely grooved guide rails 18 in which antifrictionballs or rollers 19 are received. Oppositelyfixed' guide rails 20 are secured to lugs 21' which-project upwardly'from'the top plate of the machine. The carriage is thus mounted for movement ove'r'the top platefromside to side of the machine and may be propelled in the direction of its feed from right to left by the usual spring drum 22. ThlS drum is shown in dotted lines in the present instance as it is situated at this side of the plane on which the section in Fig. 1 is taken. The carriage has upwardlyl extending lugs 23 to which arms 24 are plvi 'oted at 25, the arms being situated-near opposite ends of the carriage and carry a feed rack 26 at the rear ends thereof. 'The FFICE. 1 Y

, CHARLES H. SHEPARD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y1, ASSIQNOE TO UNION TYPEWRITER COM- levers 4 are fulcrumed on a fulcrum plate 5' mg I feed rack engages a feed pinion 27 fixed to j the forward end of a shaft 28 mounted in a bearing 29 secured to-the top plate of the machine. The rear end-of the shaft'28 extends beyond the bearing 29 and carries i a circular feed rack or escapement whel'30 which in the present instance, is a single wheel having teeth so spaced that a moveof the carriage.

ment' of the wheel from one tooth. to the next affords a full letter space movement" This esca ement wheelie? secured by screws 31 to a dlski32, provided with a hub 33 tapped to receive screws 34' ice by which. the escapeme'nt wheelis fi xed-to the shaft 28. A dog rocker 35 has a ro ck shaft 36 mounted on cone bearings 37, '-secured by screws 38 rin bearing lugs 39,- on

a bracket platj40, which latter is secured to the bottoni of the top. plate 3. The upwardly projecting arm of the dog rocker 35 is slotted to receive two sliding carriers 41,

and 42 which 'move in the direction of the axis of therock shaft 36 of the dog rocker.

rocker to limit the movements of the slides the escapement wheel 30. As the dog I drum engages said advanced dogand moves ithismanner the dogs are alternately enconcerned. "The dog rocker is also pro- I vided with a depending arm 49 which has 60 construction and arrangement of the parts letter space movement of the carriage, so

Each of these carriers'or slides is slotted at 43 to receive a pin 44' carried by the dog,

41 and'42. "The slide 41 carries'a feed dog 45 and a corresponding feed dog 46 is car{ ried by the slide orcarrier 42;

Two wire spring-arms 47 aresecured to the do 'rocker by 'ascrew 48 hich is received 1n the loop of the double spring, and each arm of the spring is connected with one of the slides 41, 42 and exerts a pressure thereon to move the slide to'the right, as the parts areindicated in Fig. 2. The

are such that'one or the other of the loose dogs 45 or 46- will be engaged by a tooth of rocker is (moved to eifect a movement of the feed dogs transversely of the plane of the escapement'wheel, one of the loose dogs which is engaged by a tooth of the escapement wheel is moved out of the path of said tooth. At the same time the other or advanced dog is moved into thepath of. the next oncoming tooth of the escapementwheel, which under thepower of the spring gaged and released at successive movements of the dog rocker in opposite directions and the dogs are alternately moved to the ad-' vanced positions by their springs 47 and are l alternately moved, by the escapement wheel coacting therewith, to the retracted positions. This construction, whereby the loose dogs are alternately advanced and retracted relatively to each other, enables the dogs to clear the teeth of the escapement wheel and to avoid liability of contact between the do sand the teeth of the wheel in the back and forth movements of the dog rocker. It will also be observed that each back or forth movement of the dog rocker affords a full far as. the cotiperationbetw'een the feed dogs v 45and46'and the escapement'wheel 30 is a laterally projecting'engaging device, pin, or stud 50 at the lower end portion thereof.v This stud 50 is preferably substantially tri angular in cross section, and is arrangedvfor coiiperationwith twoactuating devices or pawls 51" and 52Iarranged aboveand below the same. Each pawlispivoted at, 53 to an oscillatory device 54, which is in the 113,".

ture of a lever of the first order fulcrumed intermediate its ends on a shouldered pivot screw 55. This screw is received at its threaded end in a projection 56 and the latter extends from the bracket 57 secured, screws 58, to the base of the frame. light contractile spring 59 is connected at one end to a pin 60 which projects laterally ;f,rom the pawL 52, and1is connected at its .opposite end to a .pin 61 which projects laterally from the pawl 51. The power of this spring is exerted to draw the pawls 51 and 52 toward each other and into cotip-' eration with-the 'engagingdevice or stud 50. A turnihgmovement of the lever 54 in either direction is efl'ective to move the pawls 51 and 52 in .opposite directions, as indicated by the arrows in Figs- 3, 4 and 5. Each of the pawls 51 and 52 is provided with oppositely disposed hook-like engaging' ends, so that. each of the 'pawls is co- ,operative with the engaging pin 50 during ,the movement of each pawl in but one direotion, each pawl being adapted to move independently of the engaging pin, during the mo vement of the pawl in the opposite direction. Thus the pawl 51 is provided with a recess 62 shaped to "conform substantially to two sides ofthe'pin'50, whereas the pawl 52 is provided with a recess 63 in which the pin is adapted to be seated.

The pawl 51 likewise has a contact face 64' which is cooperative with contact faces 65' and 66 on. the pawl 52, as will hereinafter more clearly appear. An upwardly extend-,

ing bracket arm 67 projects from the a bracket 57, and is tapped toreceive a screw 68 to which one end of a contractile spring 69 is, swiveledj the opposite end of said spring being connected at 70 to an arm 71 which projects from the lever or oscillatory device 54. The pressure of the spring69 is exerted to move the lever 54 and the parts connected therewith to the positions indicated in Fig. 1. In this position the lower end of the. lever 54;is adapted to bear against a stop 72 which projects from the bracket 57 to limit the movement of the An actuating link 73 is connected lever 54 in one direction, or back to normal position.

at its upper-end to the arm 71, and thelower end of said ,linkis bifurcated to receive the rear end of a crank arm 74 betion. A pin 75 extends between the two arms formed by. the bifurcated end of the link 73', and is received in an upright slot 76 in the crankarm 74, so thata lost motion connection is formed between the crank arm 74 and the link 73. This affords a downward movement of the crank arm independently of the link until the bottom wall of the slot 76 engages the pin.75. The" I120 tween the side arms formed by the bifurcascribed will bemore readily comprehended when it is understood at the outset that in the f reverse feed of the parts, which will first be set forth, the auxiliary dog 88' (to be hereinafter described) does not cooperate with the escapenient wheel, said auxiliary dog being rendered inoperative by adjusting the slide 92 to the dotted line position shown in Fig. 5. For the present there fore the auxiliary feed dog may beentirely disregarded.

The operation of the parts for reverse feed is as follows:-Assu ming that the parts are normally in the positions shown in Fig. 1, it- \villbe understood that a depression of a finger or printing key 6 is effective to depress the universal bar, thereby rocking the shaft 67 and moving the crank arm 74 downwardly. This movement is transmitted, through the link 73, to the lever 54 to turn it from F16 position shown in l ig. 1 to that indica ed in'I ig. 3. This 'HIOVG- ment of the lever 54' against the pressure of the spring (39 isettective to'move the pawls 51 and 52 in the directions of the arrows in' Fig. 3. At the first part of the moven'ient the hook-like end of the pawl .31 will be brought intorengagement with the stud on the depending arm 49 of the dog rocker, and the bill of thehook-like portion of the pawl engaging beneath the stud 5t) will prevent the pawl from being lit'tcd. This ini-.

tial movement of the pawl 51 is adapted to bring the contact face .(34 thereon to a position whcreit will oo-act with the contact faces (l5 and (36 on the pawl as the latter moves in the direction of the arrow in Fig.

' pawl 52 with. the stud 50.

3, thus preventing airengi igcmcnt of the I igZu-B represents the positions of the parts'at the end of the first down stroke or deprcssit'in of a key. It.

will be seen that this movement: has been effective to turn the dog rocker onits pivot from the position shown in Fig; l to that indicated. in Fig. 3 and that this movement carries the loose dog 45 out of engagement with the escapement wheel and interposes the dog 46 in theupath of the oiicon'iing tooth ot' the cscapcinent .whccl. thus ati'ording a full letter space movement of the carments of the parts to effect a movement of the dog rocker, so that the dog rocker remains in the positionvto which it was moved on the first down stroke of the key. The nekt depression of a tingcr key is ctl'ective to more the parts from the positions represented in Fig. 5 to those indicated iirl ig. 4."--At this timethe pawls 5L and 5'') move in opposite directions,- as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 5, and the first pal-tot the movement is eti'ective to seat the engaging pin 50 in the recess 63 of the pawl This same movement of the pawl 52 into engagement with the pin 50 is etl'ective to bring the contact faces (35 and (it; to a position where the contact face (it on the pawl 51 will cooperate therewith, so that the movement of the pawl 51 in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 5, may take place without the pawl 51 engaging the projection 50; the pawl 51 at this time passing freely over the pin. The movements justdescribed, at the second depression of a finger key, is effective to move the dog rocker t'rointhe position shown in Fig. 5 to that indicated in Fig. This movement carries the feed dog 46 out of engagement with the escapement wheel and intcrposes the dog 45 in the path of the oncoming tooth of the wheel, thus affording a full let ter space movement of the carriage at the second downstroke or depression of a key. At the third stroke of a key the operation of the parts described at the first key depression will be repeated. So on successive key depressions are operative to positively move the dog rocker alternately firstin one direction and then in theopposite direction, and a full letter space movement ofthe ca'rrnige is efi'ected at each back or forth movement of the dog rocker and in 4t 77 W this manner a reverse feed is aflordcd.

The back and forthmovements of the dog rocker are limited by two screw stops 81. -and 82 which extend at right angles to each other and both of which cooperate with a projection 83 which projectsforwardly from the bracket plate 40. The screwstop S2 is received in a tapped opening in an arm 85 which projects forwardly froint'he dog rocker The screw stop 82 is adapted to-contact with the bottom of the pro ect1ng abutn'icnt 83 to liiiiit-the rearward move ment of the'teed dogs, whereas the stop Sl is received in a threaded opening in'the'i pllt per dog carrying arm of the dogro'ckei ainl co-acts with the rear end of the abutment dogs. M r I As has been herembefore intimated, l'have provided, in accordance with my present invention, means which may be regulated at will to e'tl'cct either ordinary or reverse feed as may be desired. In order to etioct this result lprovide a carrier 86 which is in the '83 to .limit the fdi'fward movement of the nature of a lever of the first, order ful crumed on a shouldered pivot screw 87 to a projection 83 on the bracket plate 40. It

' will thus "be seen that this lever or carrier 86 is'mounted independently ofthe .dog rocker. The upper end ofthls lever'is provided with a holding dog 88 which is preferably provided with an inclined or box elcd 91' in an adjustable device 92,- which carries a laterally projecting pin 98. The heads of the screws 90'are-adaptedto bear against the face of the slide or adjustable device 92 g to hold it in the 4 above the pivot of the latter.

' position to which it may be adjusted longitudinally of the lever 86, whereas the stems of thescrews 9O guide the slide in its adjustment longitudinally of the lever. When the slide 92 is adjusted to the lowermost position, shown in Figs. 3, t. and 5, the pin'93 extends into wardly extending pin 94 on the pawl or actuating device 51. A contractile spring 95 is connected at'one end to the bracket plate .40 and at its opposite end to the carrier 86 I The power of this spring is exerted to withdraw the holding dog from the' path of the teeth of the escapement wheel as shown in Fig. 5, wherea movement of the pawl 51 in the direcat each complete 'tion of the arrow fective to move the carrier 86 against the pressure of the spring 95 and to move the holding dog into the path of the teeth on the escapement wheel, as shown in Fig. I.

preferably provide a stop pin 96 on the abut:

ment 83' in order to limit the moi-"enumt of the carrier 86 in one direction, and in that direction in which it is moved by the spring 95 to carry the holding It will be understood that although the dog rocker is only moved in one direction at each complete operation of a key, thev lever 54: is, nevertheless, moved or turned first in one direction and then in the opposite dircc tion at each complete operation of a key.- The pawl 51 is direction and then in the opposite direction operation of a key. It follows thereforethat the carrier 86. for the holding dog, is turned first in one direction and then in the-opposite direction by each complete key operation. \V hen the holding dog 88 is to be employed in order-to effect an "ordinary instead of a reverse depression of a finger key, when the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 1. is effective to move them to theposition shown in F ig.' 3 which represents the parts as they are disposed at the end of. the first key dc pression.

into, the path of a tooth fore that a let-off the path of an upthereon in Fig. 3, is of dog out of the path I of the teeth of the escapement wheel likewise moved first in one feed, a

--ner previously described and It will be seen that this move-i ment is effective to'carry the holding dog of the escapement wheel so that the letofi' of the wheel, af-

forded by the movement of the dog rocker, 1

1s inefiectiveto produce a letter space movement of the carriage since at this time the holding dog locks the wheel against rotation. The movement of the holding do into operative position is eflected by the movement of the pawl 51 in the direction of the arrow thereon; this movement being transmitted through the pins 94 and 93 to the carrier 86 of the holding dog. ,VVhen' pressure on the finger key 'is released the springs 69 and 95 restore mal position, Withdrawing the holding dog from the engaged tooth of'the escapement wheel and allowing it a full. letter space" movement of the wheel. The wheel is finally arrested by the dog 46 which has been interposed in the 'patlithereof at'thedepres the parts to nori sion of a key. It will be understood therewheel is effected at the instead of at the down stroke thereof, so as to afford an ordinary instead of a reverse feed of the escapement mechanism. As the holding dog 88 is withdrawn from enga'gement with the escapement wheel the beveled working'face of the holding dog at fords a forward movement of-the escapeof. the escapement up stroke of the key ment wheel to enhance the rapidity of the feed movement of the carriage and to atford an advance of the carriage while the holding dog is being disengaged. The pressure of a tooth of the escapement wheel against the beveled working face 89 of the'holdin'g dog also tends to force the holding dog out of ,;t l e path of the escapement wheel when pres;

sure Tot thelinger 18 released on the depressed finger key.' In some instances it may be that this pressure of the escapement wheel will be found suflicien t. without using the light spring 95 to move the holding dog out of cooperation with the escapement wheel. I prefer as a matter of precaution, however, to employ the spring 95 to assure actuation of the parts. When the finger key a proper has been released after its first depression the parts will be in the'positions shownin Fig-5. The next depression of a key will operate the dog rocker in the manner hereinbefore described, and zit-the same time willmove the holding dog a tooth of the escapement wheel to lockitagainst IHOVOH'ltlIl until the depressed key has been released; Fig. tions of the parts as they ond depression otfla key. seiion'd depressed key has been released, the holding dog will be withdrawn in/ themati- I a letter space movement of the carriage will be etfected.

' It will be'unde'rstood that an upward adjustment of the slide 92 is effective to carry the pin 93 out of the path of appealat the see- "As' soon as the the pip 94' into the path of that the holding dog and its carrierwill-bef rendered inoperative by such adjustment and at such time a reverse feed of the escapementwill then be effected at each depression of a key. W'hen the slide is moved or adjusted downwardly to bring the pins 93' and 94- inlo cooperation, the holdin dog is rendered effective or operative and t e parts are then regulated for F ordinary instead of reverse fee'd.

' If it should be found that insufficient-hie tion is produced at the bearings of the dog rocker to maintain-it against accidental dis placement in either the forward or back osition to which it may be shifted, suita le means may be employed to cooperate with the dog rocker to hold it against accidental displacement. In the present instance I have shown a rearwardly extendin bracket arm 97 provided with a bearing ro ler 98, mounted on. a vertical pivot 99, and adapted to bear at its periphery againstla flat; side of the depending arm 49 of the dog rocker. This pressure of the bearing roller on the depending arm 19 of the dog rocker is effective to maintain itagainst accidental displacement 'in'eitlrer of the positions to which the do rocker may be moved. The bearing whee 98 is insufficient, however, to afford any material resistance to the operation of the dog rocker under control of its actuatingdevices. It will be observed that the pawls 51 and 52 move in opposite directions at each up stroke and alsoat each down stroke of a key; that the pawls are each operative to move the dog rocker in but one direction; that the parts may be regulated so as to feed either the down stroke or the up stroke of a key to afford either ordinary or reverse feed as may be desired; that this depends, in the present instance, on the adjustment of the device 92 and Whether or not the holding dog 88 is operative; that in either reverse or ordinary feed the dog rocker and feed dogs receive a movement under control. of the keys in but one direction at each complete operation of a finger key; that the dog rocker is free to remain in ei her of the back and forth positions to which it may be moved and has no returning spring, the power of which must be overcome by the pressure exerted upon the keys; that the transyerse movement of the feed dogs and rocker in but one direction at each com plete operation of the key reduces the wear on the escapement devices by one-half over the ordinary construction in which it is necessary to move the dog rocker and feed dogs back and forth at each complete operation of key; that the construction is such as to require but little power to actuate the parts, thereby providing a light touch on the finger keys; that the entire train of mechanism from the finger key to the feed dogsis actuated by a positive pressureapplied to the finger key but that the actuating "deviceson the dog rocker are inoperative to move it during the up stroke of the key so that any trembling of the key at the last -01 the carriage skipping under the control of the escapement as is often the case in reverse feed constructions ordinarily en} ployed; that the escapement is therefore effective and reliable irrespective of'the character. of the operators touch-L Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope'of my invention.

My companion applications hereinbefore referred to contain generic claims which cover the present construction; the claims in this case being restricted to features not disclosed in said companion applications.

That I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is z- 1. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; escapemcnt mechanism therefor comprising two cotiperative escapement members, one movable backhand forth relatively to the other; finger keys; means controlled by said finger keys for-successively moving the-said movable escapement member alternatelydmck and forth at successive printing operations, each complete operation of a finger key moving sifid movable member either back or forth; an auxiliary holding dog; and means for moving said auxiliary dog into the path of one 'of said escapement members at each down stroke of a key and for moving said auxiliary dog out of the path of said escapement member at each up stroke of the key.

2. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; escapcment mechanism therefor cmnprising a dog member and a rack member, one of said members being movable relatively to the other transversely of the plane of the rack member; printing keys; means controlled by said printing keys for moving said movable member back and forth 'in the directions specified at succeseration of a printing key moving said movable member cithcrback or forth; an auto iliary holding dog; and means for moving said holding dog into thc path of the rack member at each down stroke of a key and for moving said-:uixiliary dog out of the path of said rack member at'each up stroke of a. key. 4

3. In a typewriting machine, the combina tion of a carriage; feed devices therefor; fingerkeys; means intermediate said finger keys and 'certain of said. feed devices for effecting back and forth movements thereof and for effecting" a back or forth movement thereof only ateach complete operation of a key; and an auxiliary feed dog that is moved save printing operations. each complete opg escapement members therefonone of said ""escapement members being movable back back and forth at each complete operation of key.

4. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; feed devices therefor; finger keys; means intermediate said finger keys and certain of said feed devices for effecting back and fort-h movements thereof and for effecting a back or forth movement thereof only at each complete operation of a-key; an auxiliary feed device in the nature of a holding dog; and means by which said holding dog is moved into the path of one of said first mentioned feed devices on the down stroke of the key and by which said holding-dog is moved out of thepath thereof on the up stroke of the key. I

5. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; cooperating escapement members therefor, one of said escapementfmembers being movable back and forth relatively to the other; finger keys; means intermediate said finger keys' and the said movable 'escapement member tocontrol its back'and forth movements, said means comprising two pawls which operate alternately at successive key opei'htions to move said movable escapement member back and forth; an auxiliary feed device in the nature of a holding dog and means for moving said holding dog into', the path of the escapement membefwith which said movable member cooperates at each down stroke of a key and for movingthe holding dog out of the'path of said escapement member on the up stroke of a key.

6. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; cooperating 'escapement members therefor, oneof said escapement members being movable back and forth relatively to the other; finger keys; means intermediate said finger keys and thetsaid movable escapement member to control. its bacle and forth movements,- said means comprising an oscillatory memher, and pawls operative alternately at successive key operations to move. said movable escapement member back and forth. one of said pawls being effective at one key opera-v tion and the otherpawl being effective at the next key operation; a.ho]ding dog; and means formoving said holding dog back and forth at each operation of a key.

7 In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; cooperating and forth relatively to the other; finger keys; means intermediate said finger keys and the said movable escapement member to control its back and forth movements. said means comprising a key controlled lever, f

pawls carried by said lever. and means for rendering said pawls operativeto move said movable escapement member back and forth at successivekey operations, each key operatiori moving said movable escapement membet in but one direction; a holding dog; and means formoving said holding dog back and forth at each operationof a key. I

v8311i a typewriting machine, the conibina:

tion of a carriage; cooperating escapement members; a rocker for one of said members; finger keys; intermediate controlling means between said finger keys and rocker for moving the latter back and forth, said intermediate means comprising' pawlsthat' are operative alternately oii-the rocker atsucces sive key operations to move it back and forth; a holding dog; and means for moving said holding dog back and forth at each operation of a key.

9, In a typewriting machine, the combination 'of a carriage; coiiperating escapement members; a rocker for one of said members; finger keys; intermediate controlling means between said finger keys and rocker for moving the latter back and forth, said intermediate means comprising pawls that areoperative alternately on t-he rocketiat successive key operations to. move it back-and forth; a holding dog mounted independently of said rocker; and key controlled means for controlling the movement of said holding dog. 3 I

10. In a typewriting machine, the comhination ofa power driven carriage; cooperating escapcment members therefor, one of Said escapement members being movable back and forth relatively to the other; finger keys; means intermediate, said finger keys and the said movable escape'ment member to control its back'and forth movements, said means comprising a lever of the first order, I

and pawls carried by said lever on opposite sides of the fulcrum thereof and operative alternately at successive key operations; a holding dog mounted independently of said rocker; and key controlled means for con trolling the movement of said holding' dog.

11. In a ty-pewriting machine, the combination of a powerdriven carriage; cotiper 'ating escapement members therefor, one of said eseapement members being movable back and forth relatively to the other: finger keys; means intermediate said finger keys and the said movable escapement member to control its back and forth movements, said means comprising a lever of the first order controlled by said finger keys, pawls carried by said lever at opposite sides of the fulcrum thereof and which are moved in opposite directions at each key depression,- and means which are engaged alternately by said pawls at successive key depressions and move sai dv- -m ovable escapement back and. forth: .ag'holding dog mounted independently,

.of said rocker; and key controlled means for controlling the movement of said holding dog.

12. In a. typewriting machine, the combiher to control its back and forth movements,

nation of a carriage; cooperating escapement members; a maker for one of said men'ibers; finger keys; intermediate controlling means between said finger keys and rocker for moving the latter back and forth, said intermediate meanscomprising al-ever of the first order controlled by said tinger keys, pawls carried by said lever at opposite sides ot its t nlcrum. and means connected with said rocker and which is engaged by each of said pawls in its movement in but one direction; a holding dog mounted independently of said rocker; amt key controlled means for controlling the movement of said. holding dog.

13. In a typewriting machine, the combination ot a power driven carriage; cooperating escapement members therefor, one of said escapement members being moviible back and forth relatively to the other; liuger keys; means intermediate said finger keys and the said movable escapement mem said means comprising two pawls, an engag-' ing member which constitutes a part of said intermediate means, means for ett'ecting alternate engagen'ient between said pawls and' said engaging member at sucees:-.ive key operations, amt means for preventing one or said pawls from engaging said member when the other of said, pawls is in engage ment therewith ;-a holding dog mounted independently ol said rocker; and key controlled means for controlling the movement of said holding (log. 4

1-1. in a, typewriting machine,- the combination otwpower driven carriage; escapement mechanism theretor; finger keys: aetuatiiig connections between said linger keys and escapement. mechanism; said conned tions comprising an engaging member, two pawls neans tor alternately engaging said pawls with said engaging. member at site'- cessive key operations, aml means for preventing the engagement ot'onc pawl with said engaging member when the other pawl is in engagement therewith: a holding dog mounted independeutly ot said rocker; amt key controlled means tor controlling the movement of said holding do r.

15. in a typewriting machine. the combination of a power driven carriage: escape.- ment n'iechanism theret'or: linger l-.'e vs; ac tuating connections between said linger keys and escapement mechanism; said connections coi-imrising an engaging member, two pawls, m ans for alternately engaging said pawls with said engaging member at suecessive key operations, and means carried. by each of said pawls and with which the other pawl is cooperative to prevent the-engagement of one pawl with said engaging member when the other pawl is in engageinenti therewith, an auxiliary holding dog; and. means for moving said auxiliary dog tions int-lmliug'means whereby the dogs are moved back and forth transversely of-s the rack at successive key depressions, each key depression moving-the dogstransversely in butone direction; an auxiliary holding dog coo-perativewith said, rack; and means for moving said auxiliary holding dog mtothe path of the teeth of the rack at the-down strokeot a key and tor moving said anxil iary dog out of the path 01 the teeth ot' said rack at each up stroke of a key. v

17. in a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage: fingerfikeys," and carriage feed mechanism, said carriage feed mechanism including a rocker free from spring pressure to move it, means under control ot' the said finger keys for positively moving said rocker first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, an auxiliary holding dog mounted independently of the dog rocker, and means for moving said holding dog.

151. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; tinger keys; and carriage feed mechanism, said carriage feed mechanism including a rocker free from spring pressure to move it, means under control at the said finger keys for positively moving said rocker first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, an auxiliary holding do and means tinder control of said keys for moving the holding dog torward and back into and out of operation' at each actuation of a finger key.

1! in a. t 'pewriting machine, the, combinatioii ot' a carriage; finger keys; and carriage teed mechanism, said carriage feed mechanism including a rocker tree vfrom spring pressure to move it, means under control ot the said finger keys and disconnected from but operative on said rocker lor positively moving it first. in one direction aml then in'the opposite direction, an auxiliary holding dog mounted independently 'ot the dog rocker, and key actuated meansjtor moving said auxiliary dog hack ,and forth in opposite directions'at each complete operation of a key.

20. T11 21 ty-pewriting machinegthe combinationot' a power (lriveir carriage: finger keys; and carriage eseapement mechanism including coopirative eseapement members, one of which moves transversely of the other, an'oscillatory actuating member I means controlled by said-oscillatory mem er and trolled by the finger key, actuatin normally disconnected from said transverselymovable escapement member but p-' erative thereon to positively move it first 'inon'e direction and then in the opposite direction, an auxiliary holding dog, and

v means under control of the keys for moving said auxiliary dog into operation ata down stroke of a key and for moving the auxiliary dog out of operation at-theup stroke of a key.

. 2 In a typewritingmachine, the combi-' nation "of a carriage; escapement mechariism therefor comprising an escapement wheel and a feed dog, a single movement of the feed dog in 'one direction atfordinga complete letter space movement'of the carriage; finger keys; means intermediate said finger keys and dog for effecting a movementof said feed dog alternately in one direction and then in the other at successive operations of the keys, each complete op-' eration of a key effecting a movement of the dog in one direction; and a key controlled holding dog movable into the path of the teeth of the escapement wheel at the a it out of operative down stroke of a key andmovable out of the path of said teeth at the up stroke of a key.

- 22. In a typewriting machine,'the combination of a carriage; escapeme'nt mechanism therefor comprising two cooperative escapement members, and a rocker which carries one of said escapementmembers; finger keys; means intermediate saidfinger keys and rocker for moving the rocker alternately first in one direction and then in the other at -successive operations of said finger keys; a complete movement of each finger key effecting only a. single movement offthe rocker in one direction; a .holding dog mounted independently of the dog rocker; and key controlled means for moving saidholding dog into operative position a ata down stroke of a key and for moving position at the up stroke of a key.

Ina typewritin'gmachine, the combination of a carriage; escapement mechanism comprising two cooperating members; finger: keys; means controlled thereby for controlling one of said escapement members,

said controlling means comprising actuat ing devices movable in opposite 'dire'ctions,

and means whereby one of said escapement members is actuated first by one and then 7 by the other of said actuating devices at successive key operations; a holding dog;

and fmeansfor movingsaid holding dog forward and back at each complete operation of a key.

24. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a wer driven carriage; escapement mechanism'therefor comprising two cooperative escgpement members, one movable back and orth relatively to the other moved; finger keys; means controlled by said finger keys for moving said movable of said positions and then to the, other; a holding dog; and key controlled means for moving-said holding dog forward and back at each complete operation of a key."

f 25. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; escape- -ment mechanism therefor comprising two cooperative escapement members'one movableback and forth relatively to the other a letter space movement of the carriage.

bination of a" power driven carriage; escape; ment mechanism therefor comprising two able back and forth relatively to the other; finger keys; spring returned means controlled by said keys for effecting said back and forth movement of said movable escapement member, said meansincluding two oppositely disposed hooks. means for moving eration of akey, and means whereby said hooks are rendered alternately effective to first in one direction and then in the other in the back and forth movements thereof; a holding dogaand means for moving said holding dog forward and backat each complete operation ofakey, whereby the carriage is held by the holding dog against letter space movement at the down stroke of a key and said holding dog is withdrawn to afford aletter space movement of the carriage at the up stroke of a key.

ca-pement mechanism therefor comprising two cooperative members one movable back and forth relatively to the other; finger ,keys; means controlled by said finger keys ber forward at one key depression and back 26. In a typewriting machine, the comsaid hooks in opposite directions at each opand free to remain in either of the two back and forth positions to which it may be escapement member alternately first to one I and'free to remain in either of the two I back and forth'positions to which it may be positionat the up stroke of a key to afford cooperative mcmberssone of which is movmove the said movable escapement member 27. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; es-' for moving said movable escapement mem- Lei-sees .at ;the-neitt; a holding dog; and key con trolled means for moving said holding dog 1 forward and back atteachxcomplete opera tion .of a vkey.

28. In a typewriting mechine,-- the combination of a-power driven carriage; escapement mechanism therefor comprising a vtransversely ,of the rack at each complete operation of a finger key.

29. In a typewriting machine, the combination of apower driven carriage; escapement mechanism therefor comprising a rack and three dogs which cotiperate therewith;

a dog rocker which carriestwo of said dogs;

a carrier independent of the dog rockerby which a third dog is carried; nger keys; means controlled .by said :finger keys for moving said dog rocker in but one direction atieach complete operation of a finger key;

and means for moving said dog carrier back and forth in opposite directions at each complete operation of a key.

. 30. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; an escapement Wheel having teeth spaced apart to afford a full letter space movement of the carriage in the movement of the wheel from one tooth on the wheel tothe nextytwo dogs cooperative with said wheel and movable back and forth transversely thereof and affording a full letter space movement of the wheel in the movement of thetdogs back or forth ineither direction; a third or holding dog movable into and out of. cooperation with the escapement Wheel; finger keys; means controlled by :said finger keys for moving saidfirst mentioned dogs in but one of the backand forth transverse movements thereof *at each complete operation of a finger key; and'means controlled by said finger keys for moving the third dog into cooperation with the escapement wheel at thedown stroke of a key to prevent a movement of said escapement wheel and to withdraw the said third dog'from the path of the teeth ofkthe wheel at the up stroke ofa finger key.

31. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; escapement mechanism therefor comprising two cooperative escapement members, one movable back and forth relatively to the other; finger ikeys; means controlled by said finger keys for moving the said movable escapement member alternately back and forth at successive printing :0 erations, each complete operation of a nger key moving said movable member either back or forth; an ankiliary holding dog; means for moving said auxiliary dog-intothe path of oneof said escapement members ateach down stroke of a key and for moving said auxiliary. dog out of the path of said escapement member at each up stroke of a key to afiord ordinary feed; and means forvthrowing said auxiliary dog out .of :operation .at .will to afford a reverse feed.

32.1!) a typewriting machine, the combination of-a carriage; escapementmechanismtherefor comprising a dog member and a rack member, one of said members being movable relatively to .the other transversely of'the plane of the rack member; printing keys ;-means controlledby said printing keys for moving said movable member back and forth in the direction specified at successive printing operations, eachcomplete operation of a printing key moving said movablemember either back or forth; an'auxiliary holding dog, means forimoving said holding dog into the path of the rack. member at each down strokeof a key and for moving said auniliary dog out of the path of said rack member at each up stroke of a key to afford ordinary feed; and means operable at will for throwing said auxiliary dog out of operation to afford a reverse feed.

38. In atypewriting machine, the combi-l nation of a carriage; feed devices therefor; finger keys; means intermediate said finger keys and certain of said feed devices fol effecting back and forth movements thereof and for effecting a back or .forth movement thereof only at each complete operat-ion ofa key; an auxiliary feed dog'that is moved back. and forth at each complete operation of a key, to afiord ordinary feed; and means operable at will to .render said auxiliary dog inoperative and thereby enable the parts to'efiect reverse feed.

.34. In a typewrit-ing maohine,-the combination of a carriage; feed devices therefor; finger keys, means intermediate said fin or keys and certain of said feed devices or etfec'ting back and forth movements thereof and 'for'efi'ecting aback or forth "movement thereof only :at each com lete operation' of a key; an auxiliary. fe device in the nature of aholding (1 ;,means bywhich said holding dog is move into the path of one of said first mentioned feed devices on the down stroke of the key and by which said holding dog is vmoved out of the path thereof on the up stroke of the key, to afford ordinary fee'dtzand means-operable at -will to render said holding dog. mo er ative and, thereby enable the "parts to e eel;

a reverse feed. I

35. In a typewriting machine, the combi-.

- verse feed.

back and forth relatively to the other; finger ,keys; means intermediate said finger keys and the said movable escapement member to control its back and forth movements, said means com' rising two pa'v'vls which operate alternatey at successive key operations to move said, movable. escapement member back and forth; an auxiliary feed device in the nature of a holding dog; means back and forth relatively to the other; finer keys; means intermediate said finger Keys and the said movable escapement member to control its back and forth movements, said means comprising an oscillatory member, and pawls operative alternately at sue cessive key operations to mom said movable escapement member back and forth, one of saidpawls being effective at one key operation and the other pawl'being effective at the next key operation; X a holding dog;-

means for moving said holding dog back andforth at each operation of a key toafford ordinary feed; and means operable at will to render said holding dog inoperative and thereby enable'the parts to effect a reverse fee 37. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; cooper ating escapement members therefor, one of said escapement members being 'movable back'and forth relativelyto the other; finger keys; means intermediate said finger keys and thesaid movable escapement member to control its back and orth movements,

said means comprising a key controlledlever, pawls carried by said lever, and means for rendering said pawls operative to movesa-id niovable escapementmember back and forth at successive key operations, each key operation moving said movable escapement member in but one direction; a holding dog;

- means for moving said holding do back andxforth ,at each operation of-a keya to. afford ordinary feed; and means operable, at will torender said holding dog impel ative-:and thereby enable the parts to -effect a reverse feed; I 38; In a typewriting niachine,'the'combinationrof a carriage; cooperating-escapeinent members; a rocker for one of said members; finger keys; intermediate controlling means-between. said finger he s and rocker for moving the latter back an forth,-

said intermediate means comprising pawls that are operative alternately on the rocker at successive key operations'to move'it back and forth; a holding/dog; means for moving said holding dog backand forth at each operation of a key, to afford ordinary feed; and meansoperable at Will to render said holding dog inoperative andthereby'enable the parts toetfect a reverse feed.

39. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; cooperating escapement members; a rocker for one of said v 'members; finger keys; intermediate controlling means between said finger keys and rocker for moving the'latter back and forth, said' intermediate means comprising pawls i that are operative alternately on the rocker at successive key operations to move it back and forth; a holding dog mounted independently of said rocker; key controlled means for controlling the movement of said holding dog, to afford ordinary feed; and means operable at Will to render said hold ing dog inoperative and thereby enable the parts to effect a reverse feed.

40. In'a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; oo6per-. ating. escapement members therefor, one of said escapement members being movable back and forth relatively to ftheother finger keys; means intermediate said fingerkeys and I i the said movable escapementmember to control its back and forth movements, said means comprising -.a lever of the first order, and pawls carried by said lever on opposite sides of the .fulcrum thereof and operative alternately at successivekeyoperations; a hold-'1.

ing dog mounted independently of said rocker; key controlled means for controlling the movement of said holding dog, to afford ordinary feed; and means operable at will to render said holding dog'inoperative and thereby verse feed. p

41. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven" carriage; cooperating escapement members therefor, one of said escapement members being movable back enable the parts to effect a re-' andforth relatively to the other; finger I keys; means intermediate said finger keys and the said movable'escapement member to control its back" and forth movements, saidmeans comprising a lever of the first order controlled by said finger keys, pawls carried by said lever at opposite sides-of the flil crum thereof'and which are movedinopposite directions at each key operation, and

means vvhich are engaged alternately" by I said pawls'at successive key operations and move said movable escapement' back and forth; a holding dog mounted independently of said rocker key controlled means, for controllin the movement of said holding dog, to a ord ordinary feed; and vmeansoperable at will to render said holding clog inoperative and thereby enable the parts, to

ling means between said finger keys androcker for moving the latter back and forth,

- said intermediate means comprising a lever of the first order controlled by said finger keys, pawls carried by'said lever at opposite sides of itsfulcrum, and means connected with said rocker and which is engaged by each of said pawls in its movement .in-but one direction; a holding dog controlled means for controllin the movement of said holding dog, to a ord ordi-.

nary feed; and means operable at will to render ,said holding dog inoperative and enable the parts to elfect a rethereby verse feed. r

43. In a typewriting machine, the combinationzof a power dr1ven carriage; cooperating escapement members therefor, one of said escapement members being movable back and forth relatively to the other; finger keys; means intermediate said finger keys and the said movable escapement mem ber to control its back and forth movements, said means comprising two pawls, an. engaging memberwhich constitutes a art'ot' said intermediate means, means for e ecting alternate engagement between said pawls and said engaging member at successive key operations, and means for preventingone of said pawls from engaging said member when the other of said pawls is in engagement therewith; a holding dog mounted independently of said rocker; key controlled means for controlling the movement of said holding dog, to afford ordinary feed; and I means operable at will to render said holdingdog'inoperativeand thereby enable the parts to effect a reverse ,feed. 1 l

In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; escapement mechanism therefor-{finger keys;- actu'ating connections between said finger keys and escapement 'mechan sm; said connections comprising an engaging member, two

pawls, means for alternately -,engaging saidpawls .with said engaging member at sucjcessivefkey operations,'.and means-for preventing the engagement of one pawl with said engaging member when vthe other pawl is in'engagementtherewith; a holding dog vmounted independently of said rocker; key controlled means for controllin the movewas cit: said holding dog, to a 0rd ordinary feed; and means operable at will to render said holding dog inoperative and. thereby enable the.parts to effect a reverse feed. I

45. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; an escapement rack; two loose dogs cooperative therewith and movable back and forth transversely of the escapement rack; finger keys; intermediate actuating connections between said finger keys'and said dogs, said connections including means by which the dogs are moved back and 'forth transversely of the rack at successive key depressions,

each 'key depression moving the dogs transversely in but "one direction; an auxiliary holding dog cooperative with said rack; means for moving said auxiliary holding dog into'the path of the teeth of the rack at mounted independently of said rocker; key the down'stroke of a key and for moving said auxiliary dog out of the path of the operable at will to render said holding dog inoperatit e and thereby enable the parts to eflect a reverse feed.

46. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; finger keys; carriage feed mecha ism, said carriage feed mechanism i'nclud ng a rocker free from spring pressure to='move it, means under control of the said finger keys for positively moving said rocker first in one-direction and then in the opposite direction, an auxiliary holding dog, and means under control of said keys for moving'the'holding dog forward and back into and out o'floperation at. each actuation of a finger key, to afford ordinary feed; and means operable at will to render said holding dog inoperative and thereby enable the verse feed.

47. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriageg fing'er keys; carriage parts to effect a refeed mechanism, said carriage feed'mechanism including a rocker free from spring pressure to move it, means under control of the said finger keys and disconnected from but operative on said rocker for positively moving it first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, an auxiliary holding dog mounted independently of the dog rocker, and key actuated means for moving said-auxiliary dogback and forthin opposite directions at each complete operation of a key, to afford ordinary feed; and means operable at will to render said holdbig dog inoperative and thereby enablethe parts toetfect a reverse 'feed.

48. In a typewritng machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; finger keys; carriage escapement mechanism n- I eluding cooperative escapement member's by the finger keys, actuating means controlled by said oscillatory member and -nor= mally disconnected from said transversely movable escapement member but'operative thereon. to positively move it first in one.

' direction and then in the'opposite'direction,

an auxiliary holding dog, and means under control of the keys for moving said auxiliary dog into 'operation ata down stroke of a key and for moving the auxiliary dog out of operation atthe up stroke of a key, to afiord ordinary feed; and means operable at will-to render said holding dog ino erative and thereby enable the parts to e ect a reverse feed.

49. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage; escapement mechanism therefor, comprisingan escapement wheel and a feed dog, a single movement of the feed dog in one direction afiording a complete letter space movement of the'carriage; finger keys; means intermediate said finger keys and dogfor effecting a move-- ment of said feed dog alternately in one direction and then in the other at successive operations of the keys, each complete 0peration of a key efiectin a movement of the dog in one direction; a ey controlled holding dog-movable into the path of the teeth .of the esca'pement wheel at each down stroke, of a key and movable out of the path of said'teeth at each up stroke of a key, toafreverse feed.

ford ordinary feed; and means operable at will to. render said holding dog ino era'- tive and therebyenable the'parts-to e ect a 50. Ina typewritingmachine, the combination of a carriage; escapement mechanism therefor comprlsing two cooperative escapement members, and a rocker which carries one of said escapement members; finger keys; means intermediate said finger keys and rocker for moving the rocker alternately first in one direction and then in the other at successive operations of said finger keys, a complete movement of each finger key effecting only a single movement of the rocker in one, direction; a holding dog mounted independently of the dog rocker;

key controlled means for moving said holding dog into operative position at a down stroke of a'key and for moving it out of operative position at vthe upstroke of a key to afford ordinary feed; and means operable at will to render said holding dog inoperative and thereby enable the parts to effect a reverse feed.

. 51. In a typewriting machine, the combination of ,a carriage; 'escapementmechanism comprising two cooperating members;

fingerkeys; means controlled thereby for controlling one of said escapement members, said controlling means comprisingv actuating devices movable in opposite" directions, J5

.and means whereby one of said escapeme'nt members is actuated first by one andthen by the other of'said actuating devices at s'uccessive .key operations; a holding dog; meansfor' moving said holding dog forward and back at each complete operation of a key, to afford ordinary feed; and

parts to efiect a reverse feed.

nation of a power driven carriage; escape ment mechanism therefor comprising two.- cooperative escapement members one movable back and forth relatively to the other and free to remain ineither of the two-back means operable at will to render said hold I ing dog inoperative andthereby enable .the J v l '52. In a typewritlng machine, the .combiand forth positions to which it may be moved, each or such movements of the moi,

,able member to either of said positions afiording'a full letter space movement bf the carriage; finger keys; means controlled by said finger keys for moving said movable escapement member alternately first to one of said positions and then to the other; a holding dog; key controlled means for moving the holding dog into operative position operable at will to' render said holding dog moperative andthereby enable the parts to effect a reverse fee I 53. In a typewriting machine, the combi:

nation of a power driven carriage escape- 'ment mechanism therefor comprising two the next; a holding dog; key controlled means for lnovin said holding dog forward and back at-eacfi complete operation of a key, to afford ordinary feed; and means operable at will to render said holding dog inoperative and thereby enable the parts to eflect a reverse feed,

54.'- In a typewriting machine, the combir nation of a' ower driven carriage, escape:

ment mechamsmtherefor comprising arack and three dogs which cooperate therewith and'which are movable back and forth trans- .versely of saidjrack; finger keys; means con-' trolled by said finger keys for moving two of the dogs in but one direction transversely of'the feed rack at eachoomplete operation of a ke means for moving the third dog forwar and back transversely of the rack at each complete operation of a finger key, to afiord ordinary"? feedg'and'm'eans oper-' able at will to'render said holding dog in operative and thereby enable the. parts toeffect a reverse feed." 55. In a' typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; escapement mechanism therefor comprising a rack and three dogs which cooperate therewith;

a dog rocker which carries two of said dogs;

a carrier independent ofthe dog rocker by winch the third dog is carriedrfinger keys;

means controlled by said finger, keys for' moving said dog rocker in but one direction at 'each complete operation of a finger key;

means for moving said dog carrier. back and forth in opposite directions at'each complete operation of a finger key and means operable at will for rendering said carrier inoperative.

56. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a power driven carriage; an escapement wheel having teeth spaced apart to afiord a full letter space movement of the carriage in the movement of the wheelfrom one tooth on the wheel to the next, two dogs cooperative with said wheel and -movable back and forth transversely thereof and affording a full letter space movement of the wheel in the movement of. the dog back .or forth in either direction, a third or holding dog movable into andout of cooperation with the escapement wheel; finger keys, means controlled by said finger keys for moving said first mentioned dog in but one of the back and forth transverse movements thereof at each complete operation of'a finger, key; means controlled by: said finger keys for moving the third dog into cooperation with the escapement wheel at the down stroke of a key to prevent a movement of 4 nation of a power drivencarriage, escapement mechanism therefor comprising two loose or stepping dogs, a third holding dog,

and means operable at will to render said third holding dog operative or inoperative to fed ordinary or reverse as may be desired.

; Signed at the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, in the county of New York,

and State of New York, this 9th day of CHARLES H; SHEPARD.

. Witnesses: v

M. F. HANNWEBER,

CHARLES E. SMITH.

Nov. 'A. D.

Images