US1013754A - Electric controller. - Google Patents

Description

A. C. EASTWOOD.

ELECTRIC UUETEULLER.

APiLiGATION FILED SEPT. 22, M10

1,013,754. Patented Jan.2,1912

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WWNESSES "Nanak Ci EASTWOUD.

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APPLIUATION TILED SEPT 22, 1910. 1,01 3 754:. Patented Jan. 2, 1912.

4 SHEETK-SHEET 2.

FIG. 2

WHNESSES A. G. EASTWOOD.

ELECTRIC SDNTROLLEH.

APPLICATION EILEE SEPT. m0.

Patented Jan. 2, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

MW T0 WiTN 3555 A. U. EASTWOOD.

ELEGTRIG CONTROLLER.

aPPLwA'rIoH Pu s SEPT. 22, 1910.

Patented J an. 2, 1912.

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INVENIOR a 2), m/4M UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR C. EASTWOOD, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, .QSSIGNOR TO THE ELECTRIC OONTROLL AND MANUF .CTUBING COMPANY, 01 CLEVELAND, OHIO, A. CORPORATION OF OHIO.

ELECTRIC CONTROLLER.

Specification of Letters latent.

Patented J an. 2. 1912.

Application filed September 22,1910. Serial No. 588,301.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR C. EAs'rwoon, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cu'yahogaand State of Ohio, have invented new and useful Im movements in Electric Controllers, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in electric controllers in which the various connections for controlling the speed of the motor are effected by individual magnetically-operated switches.

One of the objects of my invention 'is to obviate the necessity of winding the coils of the switch-operating magnets with such fine wire as has been the practice.

Anotherobject is to provide means for electrically interlocking the switches which control the speed of the motor without the use of the usual auxiliary contacts.

Other objects are to simplify and cheapen greatly the construction of the type of controllcr to which it relates; to render the connections and operation of the controller more readily understood by those'intrusted with its care, and to make it much more reliable and satisfnctoryin service;

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figures 1, 2, and 3 are diagrammatic views, showing three of the man forms which my invention may assume. ig. 4 is an elevation partly in section showingone of the magnetically-operated switches referred to herein. Referring now to Fig. 1, S is the main switch for connecting the motor and controller to the two sides of a supply circuit; A is the armature of the motor; and f is the shunt-field winding which is connected across-the positive and ne tive sidm of the switch S; R, R, R? :and are sections of resistance connectedin multi is for control ling the flow of current to t e motor. The

sections R toR of'rcsistance are controlled,

respectively, by the switches S, S, S and S, these switches-having the operating or closing windings'G', 0 C, and 0, respectively, and the ocki g-out windin w, w, w and w, respcctiyely. I have a so shown associated with the operatin windings of the switches shunts designate respect1vely', as p, p, 7), and .p. i

() is an acceleration relay which governs the time of closure of the successive switches,

It will be seen that the looking out coils w, 66

to, w, and w are connectedin series, the circuit of this series passing through the contacts of the acceleration relay 0. The relay is so adjusted that when a predetermined current passes through its winding 60 which is in the motor circuit, it will raise its plunger so that its contact member 0' will span the contacts o and 0 thus closing the circuit through the locking-out coils w to w. Conse uently, if the current taken by the motor is elow the value for which the relayis adjusted, the locking-out coils will not be energized, and the switches will be free to close consecutively. If, however,

during the process of starting the motor, the 70 side of the switch S, thus energizing the shunt field. At. the same time a-seco'nd circuit'ls established from the positive side of -the switch S through the winding pi the relay 0, the wire 8, the operating winding '0' of the switch S, the resistance section 86 R, the wire 4, the armature A, and the wire 2 to the negative side of the switch S. The circuit oft-he motor is complete with the resistanliesect-ion R in series therewith, and the tglpegat ng winding (3' of the resistance 90 mi is also in series with this circuit. which ma be designated as the controlled circuit. is circuit tends to pause c switch S to close, and it will close provi f i 11 switch S'" closes, a branch circuit'is estab *lished fronrthe ing the current is not excessive.--- -Wh positive side of the switch. S through the winding cithe relay 0, the wire 3, the contacts ofjthe switch S, and

the winding Cfiof the switclr'S, the resist 10 0 ance section R, the wire 4, the armature A, and the wire 2 to the negative side of the switch S, which branch acircuit places the resistance R in parallel with the resistance R, the two resistances in farallel .being 106 in series with'the armature If the our rent is excessive, that is above a predetermined value,the relay 6 raises its plunger,

closing the circuit of the locking-out coils, so that, notwithstanding the fact. that'the winding C of the switch S is energized, the switch S cannot close. \Vhcn the current of the motor drops to the said prede termined value, the. relay drops its plunger, causing the lockingout coils to be dcenergized, whereupon the switch S immediately closes. The switch is in closing closes a circuit from the wire 5, through the wire (1, the operating winding of the switch S, and the resistance section R. The resistances R, R", and R are connected in parallel, the three resistances in parallel being in series with the armature A. In case the motor current is above a predetermined value, the relay 0 closes its contacts, causing the locking coils to be energized, and the switch S to remain open, as will be readily understood from the description herein relative to the action of the relay in connection with the locking coils and the switch S \Vhen the motor current again drops to the said predetermined value, the switch S closes and in closing closes a. circuit from the wire 5, through the wire 7, the contacts of the switch S, the operating winding C of the switch S, and the resistance section R to the wire 4, thus placing the resistance sections R, R R, and R in parallel. This leaves the operating winding C of switch S energized. In case the motor current is above a predetermined value, the relay 0 operates, as already described, to close the circuit of the locking coils and prevent the closing of the switch S. \Vhen the motor current falls to the predetermined value the switch S closes, thus creating another circuit from the wire 5 directly through the contacts of switch S, the maintaining winding C and the wire 9 to the armature A of the motor, which circuit short-circuits all of the resistance, and permits the motor to operate at full speed. Since the path from the wire 5 through the contacts of the switch S, its maintaining winding C", and the wire 9 is of very low resistance, practically no cur rent passes through the resistance sections R, R R and R, and the switch-operating windings C, C, and C associated therewith, and, therefore, these switches open and the circuit through the motor is then maintained entirely through the switch S.

\Vhen it is desired to stop the motor, the main circuit is opened at the switch S, which, of course, denergizes the winding C" of the switch S, causing this switch to -of these shunts being to adapt a given standard operating winding for use with motors varying in their a'm'pere capacity,

the variation in capacity being taken care of by the resistance of the shunt. Assuming, for instance. that the various operating coils C to C are wound for a capacity of Q0 amperes, they can be used without shunts on a motor which requires 20 amperes of current. The same coils, however, can be applied to a motor having a capacity of -10 amperes by making the resistance of the shunts such that one-half of the motor current will pass through the operating windmg.

I have shown the switch S provided with two windings nnlrkud (7 and C" respectively. The winding (1 is energized by closure of the switch S and may be termed the operating winding. The winding C is energized through the closure of the switch S". and may be turmed a maintaining winding. These two windings have been introdiu-ed for the reason that, if the winding C" were not. provided, and the sta tionary terminal of switch S were connected directly to the wire 9 and to the armature, the winding C would be short'eircuited when the switch closes, which would tend to cause the switch S to immediately open.

Referring now to Fig. 2, S is the main switch for connecting the motor and the controller to a source of current; A, the armature of the motor; F, the series field winding; and R, R, R, R, sections of resist ance arranged to be connected in parallel, the parallel sections being included in series with the motor by the successive closure of the switches S", S, S and S The switch 3* in closing closes a circuit through the wire 9, thus short-circuiting the resistance sections R, R R, and R.

The locking-out windings w, 'w, w, and w are associated with the series switches as in Fig. 1. These windings, however, in place of being all simultaneously controlled by a relay, as in Fig. 1, are arranged to be individually controlled by the contacts of the master switch M, which is illustrated as being of the drum type, having stationary contact fingers marked, respectively, m to m", and corresponding contact strips 1) to I)", respective] ,anountedu n a revoluble drum or barre whicli'fhay e placed in any one of six positions indicated, respectively,

by the dotted lines 7a to k.

S" is a magnetically-operated switch which controls the main circuit to themotor.

Ass'ulning that the switch S is closed, and that the master switch L1 is brought ;to the position corresponding to the line is, a circuit' is established as follows: From the positive side of the switch S through the winding 0' of the switch S", the contact 111/ of the master switch M, the contact; strips 1; and b the finger m", the wire 10,

the locking windings w w, w, w in series,

inglthe locking operating windin 50 closing the wire 11, and the wire 12 to the negative side of the switch S. This circuit'energizes the winding 0'' of the switch S" and causes the letter to close, at the same time energizwindings w to w. 1

ie switch S in closing closes the main circuit throu h the motor as foilows: From the positive si e of the main switch through the wire 4, the contacts of thesw1tch S the c of the switch S, the resistance section the wire 4, the armalure A, the series'field F, and the wire 12 to the negative side of the switch S. The circuit of the motor is complete through the re- 15 sistance section R and the motor should start. Notwithstanding that this circuit includes the operating wind-ing ofthe switch r the latter cannot close because it is held by the locking winding 'w.

2 l When it is desired to increase the speed of the motor, the master switch is moved to the position corresponding to the line is. The locking winding 10- is then deenergized or short-circuited, as will be seen by tracing the following circuits z-Fromthe positive side of the switch S through the winding 0" of switch S", the contact finger m of the master controller, the contact strips 11, b, and b of the controller, the

finger m the wire 13, and the locking windings 20 w and w in series to the'negati've main through the wires 11 and 12. Ohviously, the locking winding or associated with the switch S is short-circulted, and

36 the switch S may close.

40 may be caused to close by correspondingly moving the master switch to the positions k and 1:

The switch S in closing closes the circuit through the operating windin G of the 46 switch S, while the switch S inc osing closes the circuit through the operatm winding C of the switch S, and the switcl S in clos ing closes the circuit through the operating winding G of the switch S. Switch S in i -'cludes its own winding C in the motor cil a-nit through the wire 9. I have shown this connection of the winding of the switcl S as an alternate to the double winding in that switch shown in Fig. 1. Posi- 65 tionfk on the master switch inserts all the loo 11g coils in series with the coil 0" preve ting overheating.

ion the master switch M is moved to ,tl off position, the circuit through the winding of the magnetic switch S" is opened at the contact fin ers m and m, thus causing the switch S to open, cutting off the ritrlient fron1 the motor, and likewkse from the winding C of the switch S, cm this switch to open.

Referring now to Fig. 3, S is a main switch, as before, while A is the armature; and F, the series field winding of the motor. R. R, and R are sections of resistance which diller in arrangement from the resistances shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in that the sections of resistance are connected in series when the motor is started. D and U constitute reversing switches, operated, respectively, by electro-maguets havin windings d and u. The reversing switci D is operated to give one direction of rotation of the armature of the motor, and the reversing switch U is operated to give the reverse motion in the well known manner.

I have shown a relay 0 responsive to the motor current for governing the circuit of the lockin;out windings w, w, w", and w as in ig. 1.

hi is a master switch which may be used for starting, stopping, and reversing the motor.

Assuming that the barrel of the master controller is moved toward the left so as to bring the contact. fingers d and n into contact with the respective segments 0 and e, a circuit will then be established as follows: From the positive side of the switch S to the wire 14, the contact finger n, the contact stri s e and e", the contact finger d, the win ing (1 of the reversing switch, the wire 15, the contacts 0, o, and 0 of the acceleration-role O, and the wire 16 to the negative si e'of the switch S. This completes the circuit through the winding d which causes the switch D to lift its plunger, which in turn completes the main motor-circuit as follows: From the positive side of the switch S through the wire 17,

the wire 18, the lower contacts of the re versing switch D, the wire 19, the armature A, the wire 20, the upper contacts of the reversing switch D, the winding of the relay 0', the wire 21, the winding C of the switch S, the resistance sections R, R", and R, the wire 22, and the series field F to the negative side of the switch S, thus completing the circuit throu h the motor.

he switch S, w en it closes, closes a circuit through the operating winding C of the switch S, which in turn closes a circuit through the windingC of the switch S, while the switch S in closing closes a circuit through the winding C of the switch S.

If an excessive motor current does not flow when the reversing switch D closes, the relay 0 wili rest on its contacts, and all the locking coils w w, w, and 'w are short-circuited. If, owever, an excessive current should flow through the motor, the relay would raise its contacts and all of the locking coils would then he energized through the following circuit: From the positive side of the'switch S, through the wire 14', the contact finger n of the master switch. the contact linger d, the winding (l of the rcver ing switch 1), the wire 15, the

lfi ing windings, and permitting the switch S I If the closure of this switch proto close. (lures an excessive current the plunger of the relay will then rise, again energizing the locking windings and preventing closure of the switch 5. The closureof the switches S and S is governed in a similar manner. c

When it is desired to stop the motor, the master switch is moved to the off position, which deiinergizes the winding cl of the reversing switch D, causing the same to open, and thus open the circuit through the motor and through the operating winding C of the switch S, which causes the switch S also to open.

When it is desired to start the motor in the reverse direction, the master switch is moved to the right, bringing the contact fingers n and it into contact with the correspending strips 0' and c. This closes a circuit which energizes the winding u, causing the reversing switch U toclose. This reversing switch is so connected as to reverse the direction of current fiow through' the e 5 armature of the motor, causing the armature to reverse its direction of rotation in the well known and obvious way. The sub-- sequent closure of the switehe'sS to S is automatically governed, as previously de- 40 scribed.

In Figs. 1, 2, and 3, the resistance controlling switches S to S are held closed by all or a portion of the motor current, and these switchesanay readily be so proportioned hatthey will remain closed until the cur- "i ent through their windings has been reduccd toalmost zero.

In ordinary operation the opening of th motor circuit in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 takes place at the contacts of the switch S, while in Fig. 2 the circuit is normally o ened at the contacts of the magnetic switch and in Fig. 3, at the contacts of one or the other of the reversing switches 56 D or U. It is evident, therefore, that substantially all of the arcing which takes place in the operation of these controllers occurs at the contacts of the switches at which the circuit of the motor is normally opened and 00 that under no conditions will there ba my arcing of a serious nature at the contacts of the resistance coutrolli switches. Therefore, in addition to the Elimination of am:- ilia. y circuit contacts in with the several rcsistanceswitches, any Tinveution also provides means whereby the necessity of blow-out magnets and elaborate archreaking arrangements is obviated in con nection with the. resistance switches.

In Fig. 4, s is the frame of one of them switches S to S and is made of magnetic material. It carries two opposite bosses 8 and s" which form cores for the locking winding w and the actuating winding 0, respectively. s is the movable contact arm of the switch pivoted to the frame at 8 andcarrying at its free extremity a contact member .9 adapted to cooperate with the stationary contact brush s which is mounted. upon a suitable insulating plate 8'. The contact arm is provided with an upwardly extending member which carries the bosses 8' and s adaptedto coiiperate with the cores 8 and s. The upper end of the extension is provided with a face s which is an are 88 drawn from the pivot s curved so as. to maintain a uniform and small air gap with the frame as the arm moves about its p'ivot s, the frame adjacent to the face 8} having" its face next to the face a" concentric'with 9 the face .9. With the switch in, its open position as shown, the magnetic circuit is practically completed through .the core 8, the extension of the arm -8", and the frame of the switch. When the switch is closed, the magnetic circuit is similarly completd through the core 8', the extension s and the frame of the switch.

I claim- 1..In an electric controller,- a controlled circuit, a series of magnetically-operated switches, each having an operating winding adapted to be connected in the controlled circuit, and each having a locking winding arranged to prevent" the .operation of the switch with which it is associated. f

2. In an electric controller, a controlled circuit, a series of magnetically-operated switches, the winding of each-switch arranged to be included in the cbntrolled circuit by the closing of a preceding switch of the said series, and a locking winding associatcd with each switch, and arranged to prevent the closure of the switch with which it is associated. 7 n5 3. .In an electric controller, a controlled circuit, a series of magnetically-operated switches, the winding of each switch arranged to be included in the controlled circuit by the closing of a preceding-switch of the said series, a locking winding arran ed to prevent each of said switches from c osing. and 'a switch mechanism arranged to control each locking winding.

4.1a an electric controller, a controlled circuit, an series of magnetically-operated switches, each of said switches having its operating winding. arranged to beincluded 'intbc controlled circuit by the closing of a preceding switch; a lockipg' winding arno switches, and a master-switch to successively dcenergize the'said locking windings.

6. In an electric controllerfa, series of electro-magnctically operated switches, each of said switches having an operating wind ing adaptedwwhen energized to cause the.

closing of said switch, means for successively energizing said operating windinfi, alocking winding adaptedewhen energized to prevent each switch from closing, and-a switch to deenergize the said 'locking winda ingsp A 7. In a controller for electric motors, a

motor circuit, a resistance, a pilot switch for,

closing the circuit through the said motor and the said resistance, a series of switches for controlling he amount of the said resistance in the motor circuit, each of said switches except the ing winding included in the circuit closed at the main contactsof the switch which precedes it in operation, a locking winding for each switch normally energized for preventing the operation of the said switch, and a master switch for successively deenergizing the said lockin windings.

S. In a controller for eectric motors, a motor circuit, a resistancefa' pilot switch for closing the circuit through the said 1110-* tor and the said resistance, a series of switches for controlling the amount of the said resistance in the motor circuit, each of the switches of said series having an oper-.

atin winding included in the circuit closed at t e main contacts of the switch which precedes it in operation,'and a. locking winding for each switch of said series arrange to prevent the closing of the said switch until the efit'ect of said locking winding is neutralized or removed.

9. In an electric controller, a controlled circuit, a series of magnetically-operated switches arranged to close in a. predetermined order, each of said switches having an actuating windingincluded in the controlled circuit by the closure of the precedfirst having an operat&

ing switch, the last of the said switches hiiv ing contacts for short-circuiting the actuat ing windings of the preceding switches.

10. in an electric controller, a controlled circuit, a series of magneticallyoperated switches adapted to close in a predetermined order, each of the. said switches'having con tacts and an actuating winding adapted to be connected in the controlledtircuit, the actuating winding of each switch being included in the controlled circuit by the closure of the switch which precedes it in clo sure, and contacts on the last of said switches to close which serve to short-circuit the actuating windings of the preceding switches when the said last switch closes.

. 11.111 0. controller or electric. motors, a

" motfireircuit, a resistance for the motor circuifffi series of switches having contacts or "dcntrollihgf'successive sections of. the said resistance," each of the said switches having an acttlati winding included in the motor circuit'byrtie closure of the switch which recedesii in operation, the contacts of the est of said switches to close being connected to short-circuit all of said resistance and alsoto short-circuit the actuating windings of the preceding resistance-controlling switches when said last switch is closed.

12. In an electric controller, a controlled circuit, a series of niagnsilently-operated switches arranged to close in u predetermined order, each of said switches having an actuating winding included in the controlled circuit by closure of the preceding switch in-the series, each of said. switches having contacts for shunting the operating winding of the switch which precedes in operation.

13. In a controller for electric motors, a motor circ uit, a resistance in the motor circuit, a seriesof switches having contacts for shunting successive sections of said resistance, each of'the said switches having an actuating winding included in the motor circuit by the closure of the switch which precedes it in operation, the contacts of each switch being connected to shunt the operating winding of the switch which precedes it in operation. g

Signed at Cleveland, Ohio, this 19th day of September, A. D. 1910.

ARTHUR G. EASTWOOD.

Witnesses:

J. H. HALL, H. M. Diminii.

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