USRE14076E - eastwood - Google Patents

Description

A. C;. EASTWOOD. ELECTRIC CONTROLLER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 1 I, 1913.

Reissued Feb. 29, 1916.

7n 0 m 4 w M? m w G W a, Q- h Quin! U; U J| Av A w. v C|.

WITNESSES: ZMflM.

ATTOR N EY A; c. EASTWOOD. ELECTRIC CONTROLLER. APPLICATION FILED JULYHY I913.

Reissued Feb. 29, 1916. v I 14,076.,

4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR Maw I BY ,7 M Q/VLHW ATWRNEY A. C. EASTWOOD.

ELECTRIC CONTROLLER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 11. 1913.

Reissued Feb. 29, 1916. 14,076.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

.ATTDRNEY A. C. EASTWOOD.

ELECTRIC CONTROLLER.

APPLICATION FILED JULYH. 1913.

- leissped Feb. 29, 1916. 14,076.

4 SHEETSSHEET 4- WITNESSES: I l LIgENTOR ATTORNEY ARTHUR o. nssrwoon,

CORPORATION 01? 01-110.

0F GLEVELAND, OHIG, ASSIGNC'B T9 THE ELECEBIC CONTROLLER AND MANUFACTURING GUTE'E'ANY, OI

CLEVELAND, GEL-i8, A

ELECTRIC CONTROLLER Specification of Eteissued Letters Patent. figissued F 1 2Q, 1915? Original No. 1,313,754, dated January 2, 1912, serial Itt'c. 583,3U1. Application for reissue filed. July 11,

To'aZZ whom it may concern:

it known that 1 ARTHUR C. Ess'rwoon,

citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahogs and State of Ohio,-have invented new and useful Improvements in Electric Controllers, of Which the following is a specification.

My invention relates "to improvements in electric controllers in which the various connections for controlling the speed of the motor. are effected by indivldual magnetically-operated switches.

nections and operation of the controlierrnore readily understood by those intrnsted with its care, and to make it much more reliahle and satisfactory in service.

Referring; to the accompanying drawings, Figures 1, 2 and 3 are diagrammatic vic vs, showing three of the many forms which my invention inaynssulnc. Fig. iis an clever tion partly in section showing one oftlie inngnctically-opunited sivitcl'ies reiierred to herein.

'Referring now to Fig. 1, S is the main switch for connecting, the motor and controller to the two sides of a supply circuit; A is the armature of the motor; and f is the shuntfield Winding which is connected across the positiv and negative sides of the switch S, P", R and. R are sections of resistance connected in multiple for controlling the flow of current to the motor. The sections R to R of resistance are controlled, respectively, by the switches S, S", S, and S, these switches having the 0perating or closing windings C, C Chard Q, respectively, and the locking-out windings, w, 10 *1/1 and w respectively. I have also shown associated with the operstin Windings of the switches shunts designated, re spectively, as p, 10 p and 72 Q is an acceleration relay which governs the time of closure of the successive switches. It will be seen that the looking out coils w, e0 10 end to are connected in series, the circuit of this series passing through the contacts of the acceleration relay 0. The relay is so adjusted that when a predetermined current pssses through its Winding which is in the niotor circuit, it will raise its plunger so that its contact member 0" Willspan the contacts 0 and 0 thus closing the circuit through the locking-out coils in to to. v i by the motor is below the value for which the relay is adjusted, the locking-out coils will not he energized, and the switches will be free to close consecutively. If, however, durin the process of starting the motor, the motor current exceeds the predetermined value, the iocking-out coils will be energized, when the relay lifts its plunger, and further progressive closure of the switches Will he arrested.

Assuming that the switch S is closed. a

' circuit made from the positive side of the Witch S through the Wire 1, the shunt-held winding 7", and the Wire 2. to the negative side oi the switch S, thus energizing the shunt-field. At the same time a second circuit is estahlishedfroln the positive side of the switch S through the winding of the relsy O, the Wire 3, the operating Winding C. of the switch S, the resistance section It, the Wire d, the armature A, and the Wire 2 to the negative side of the switch S. The circuit of the motor is complete with the resistance section Rflin series therewith, and

the'opersti ng Winding C of the resistance switch 5 1s also in SGIlES WliJll this circuit which may be designated as the. controlled circuit. This circuit tends to cause the switch 8. to close, and it will close provid ing the current is not excessive. When switch S closes, a. branch circuit is est-ab lished from the positive side of the switch S through 'the windingotthe relay 0, the

Consequently, it the cuii'ii'ent takenwire 3, the contactsof the switch S, and the winding G of the switch S the resistance section R the wire 4:, the armature A, and the wire 2 to the negative side of the switch S, which branch circuit places the resistance R in parallel with the resistance R, the two resistances in parallel being in series with the armature A. If the current is excessive, that is, above a predetermined value, the relay 0 raises its plunger, closing the circuit of the lockingout, coils, so that notwithstanding the fact that the winding C of the switch S is energized, the switch S cannot close. a When the current of the motor drops to the said predetermined value, the relay drops its plunger, causing the locking-out coils to be de'energized, whereupon the switch S immediately closes. switch S in closing closes a circuit from the wire 5, through th wire 6, the operating winding C of the switch S and the resistance section B. The resistances R, R

and R are connected in parallel, the three resistances in parallel being in series with the armature A. In case the motor current is above a predetermined value, the relay 0 closes its contacts, causing the locking coils A to be energized, and the switch S to remain open, as will be readily understood from the description herein relative to the action of the relay in connection with the locking coils and the switch S When the motor current again drops to the said predetermined value, the switch S closes and in closing closes a circuit from the wire 5, through the wire 7, the contacts of the switch S the operating winding C of the switch S and the resistance section B to the wire 4, thus placing the resistance sections R, R R and R in parallel. This leaves the operating winding C of switch S energized. In case the motor current is above a predetermined value, the relay 0 operates, as already described, to close the circuit of the locking coils and prevent the closing of the switch S -When the motor current falls to the predetermined value the switch S closes, thus creating another circuit from the wire 5 directly through the contacts of switch S, the maintaining winding C, and the wire 9to the armature-A of the motor, which circuit short-circuits all of the resistance, and permits the motor to operate at full speed. Since the path from the wire 5 through the contacts or" the switch S its maintainingwinding C, and the wire 9 is of very low resistance, practically no current passes through the resistsince sections R, R R and R and the switch-operating windings C, C, and C associated therewith. and, therefore, these switches open and the circuit through the motor is then maintained entirely through the switch The lVhen it is desired to stop the motor, the main circuit is opened at the switch S, which, of course, deenergizes the winding C of the switch S causing this switch to open.

I have shown in this figure the shunts p, and ;0* associated with the windings C, 0 C and C respectively, the purpose of these shunts being to adapt a given standard operating winding for use with motors varying in their ampere capacity, the variation in capacity being taken care of by the resistance of the shunt. Assuming, for in stance, that the various operating coils C to (J are wound for a capacity of 20 amperes, they can be used without shunts on,

rent will pass through the operating wind- I have shown the switch S provided with two windings marked C and C respectively. The winding C is energized by closure of the switch S and may be termed the operating winding. The winding U is energized through the closure of the switch S and may be termed a maintaining winding. These two windings have been introduced for the reason that, if the winding C" werenot provided, and the stationary terminal of switch S were connected directly to thewire 9 and to the armature, the winding C would be short-circuited when the switch closes, which would tend to cause the switch S to immediately open.

Referring now to Fig. 2, S is the main switch for connecting the motor and the controller to a source of current; A, the armature of the motor; F, the series field winding; and R, R R R sections of resistauce arranged to be connected in parallel, the parallel sections being included in series with the motor by the successive closure of the switches St, S, S and S The switch S in closing closes a circuit through the wire 9, thus short circuiting the resistance sections R, R R and R The'locking-out windings w, 10?, w and 10 are associated with the series switches as in Fig. .1. These windings, however, in

place of being all simultaneously controlled by a relay, as in Fig. 1, are arranged to be individually controlled by the contacts of themaster switch M, which is illustrated as the circuit of the switch S and the switch S in closing ing c of the switch if) and causes R and the motor should start.

S is a magneticallyoperated switch which controls the main circuit to the motor. Assiuning that the switch S is closeci and that the master itch M is lorought'to the position corresponding to the line K, a. circuit'is established as follows: from the positive side of the switch 5 through the wincling 0" of the switch S, the Contact at of the master s itch M, the contact strips Z) and Z1 the finger m the wire 10, the locking winclin 1.1:, 10 20 20 in series the wire 11, and the wire 12 to the negative sicle of the switch. S. This circuit energizes the windthe latter to close, at the same time energizing the locking windings to to or.

The switch S in dosing-closes the main circuit through the motor as follows: from the positive side of the main switch through the contacts of the switch S", the operating winding 0 of the switch S". the resistance section B, the wire 1-, the armature A, the series fielol F, and the wire 12150 the negative side of the switch S. The circuit of the motor is complete to theresistancc section Notwithstanding that this circuit inclnrles the operating winding of the switch. S", the latter cannot close because it helcl by the locking winding w.

"When. it is desired to increase the speed or? the motor, the master switch is moved to the position corresponrling to the lineil The locking winding w is then denergizeri or short-circuiteth as wili be seen by tracing the following circuits: the positive side of the switch S throughthe whirling o", of switch S", the contacs finger m of the inaster controller, the contact strips 7), b and o of the controller, the finger m the wire 13,

and the locking winings e0 and w in series to the negative main through the wires 11 and 12. Obviousiy, the iocking winding .10 associated with the switch S is shortcircuiteti, and the switch S may close.

It is evitient that, when the master controiier is moved to the position 331 locking winding w is short-circuited and switch 5% may close.

Likewise, switches S and w may he caused to close correspondingly moving the master switci'i to the positions K? and K".

The switch S" in closing closes the circuit through the. operating wincli M C of the switch S, while the switch S inclosmg closes hrough the operating winding J closes the circuit through the operating wimiing' C" of the switch 8'. Switch S in closing includes its own winding C" the motor circuit through the wire 9. I have shown this connection of the winding of the switch S as an alternate to the double winding of that switch shown in Fig. 1. Position K on the master switch inserts all the locking coils in series with the coil 0" pretenting overheating.

W hen the master switch M is moved. to the oti position, the circuit through the winding of the magnetic switch S7 is opened at the contact fingers m and 072?, thus causing the switch S to open, cuttingotf the current from the motor, and likewise from the winding C* of the switch 8*, causing this switch to open.

Referring now to Fig. 3, S switch, as before, while A is'the armature; and F. the series fieirl winding of the motor. it", R and are sections of resistance which differ in arrangement from the resistances shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in that the sec tions of resistance are connected. in series when the motor is started. D and U constitute reversing switches, operated, respectively, by clectrodnagnets having windings (Z and 21.. The reversing switch D is operated to give one direction of rotation of the armature of the motor, and the reversing switch U is operated to give the reverse motion in the well knownmanner.

I have shown a relay U responsive to the motor current for governing the circuit of the locking-out windings w, 'w 10 and. 10*, as in Fig. I.

is a main M is a roaster switch which may be used for starting, stopping, and reversing the motor. Assuming that the barrel of the master controller is moved toward the left so as to bring the contact fingers d and. 'It into con- 1 tact with the respective segments 6 and 6", a circuit will then be establ shed as foilows: from the positive sie of the switch S to the wire 14-. the contact finger u, the contact strips e anti-e the contact finger d, the winding (Z of the reversing switch the-wire 15. the contacts'o", 0 and 0 of the acceleration-relay O, and the wire 16 to the negativ side of the switch S. This completes the circuit through the winding (LN hid causes the SWlbGl'l D to ll'ii; lts plunger, which in turn completes the main motor-circuit as follows: from-the positive sicle of the switch fr? through the Wire 17, the wire 18, the lower contacts of the reversing switch D, the wire it), the armature A, the wire 20, the upper contacts of the reversing switch D, the winding of relay O, the wire 21, the winding C of the switch Sflthe resistance sections R. R and It", the wire 22, and the series through their If an excessive motor current does not flow when the reversing switch D closes, the relay 0 will rest on its contacts, and all the locking coils w, e0 w and w are shortcircuited. If, however, an excessive current should flow through the motor, the relay wouldraise its contacts and all of the locking coils would then be encrgized'through the following circuit: from the positive side of the switch S, through the wire 14:, the contact finger n of the master switch, the contact finger cl, the winding of the reversing switch 1), the wire 15, the windings w, w w, and w in series, the wire 23, and the wire 16 to the negative side of the switch S. The closure of the switch S is prevented until the motor current has been reduced by the speeding up of the motor, at which time the relay 0 will drop its plunger, thus shortcircuiting the locking-windings, and permitting the switch S to close. If the closure ofthis switch produces an excessive current the plunger of the relay will then rise, again energizing the locking windings and preventing closure of the switch S The closure of the switches S and S is governed in a similar manner.

When it is desired to stop the motor, the master switch is moved to the off position, which clecnergizes the winding d of the re versing switch D, causing the same to open, and thus open the circuit through the motor and through the operating winding G of the switch S*, which causes the switch 8* also to open.

When it is desired to start the motor in the reverse direction, the master switch is moved to the right, bringing the contact fingers n and u into contact with the corresponding strips'c and 6 This closes a circuit which energizes the winding u, causing the reversing-switch U to close. This reversing switch. is so connected as to reverse the direction of current flow through the armature of the motor, causing the armature to reverse its direction of rotation inthe well known and obvious way. The subsequent closure of the switches S. to S is automatically governed, as previously described.

in Figs. 1, f2 and 3, the resistance control.- ling switches S to S are held closed by all or a portion of the motor current, and these switches may readily be so proportioned that they will remain closed until the current windings has been reduced to almost zero;

In. ordinary operation the opening of the motor circuit in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 takes place at the contacts of the switch S, while in Fig. 2 the circuit is normally opened at the contacts of the magnetic switch 53, and in Fig. 3, at the 8fltacts of one or the other of the reversing switches D or U. evident, therefore,

winding w and the actuating winding C, re-

viated in connection with the resistance switches.

In Fig. l, s is the frame of one of the switches S to S and is made of magngic material. It carries two opposite bosses c and s which form cores for the locking spectively. s is the movable contact arm. of the switch pivoted to the frame at a and carrying at its free extremity a contact member adapted to coiiperate with the stationary Contact brush a which is mounted upon a suitable insulating plate .3 The contact arm is provided with an "upwardly extending member which carries the bosses s and 8 adapted to cooperate with the cores 3 and t. The upper end of the extension is provided with a face 8 which is an are drawn from the pivot 19 curved so as to maintain a uniform and small air gap wit h the'franie as the arm moves about its pivot .9 the frame adjacent to the face 8 having its face next to the face 8 concentric with the face 8 With the switch in its open position as shown, the magnetic circuit is practically completed through the co e as", the extension of'the arms lslP, and the arne of the switch. When the" switch is 6 used, the magnetic circuit is similarly completed through the core 8 the extension .9 and the frame of the switch. I claim 1. In an electric controller, a controlled circuit, a series of magnetically-operated switches, each having an operating winding adapted to be connected in the controlled circuit, and each having a locking winding arrz aged to prevent the operation of the switch with winch it is associated.

2. In an electric controller, a controlled circuit, a series of magnetically-operated switches, the winding of each switch arranged to be included in the controlled circuit by the closing of a preceding switch of the said series, and a locking winding associated with each switch, and arranged to prevent the closure of the switch with which it is associated.

3. in an electric controller, a controlled circuit, a series of rnagnetic-ally-operated switches, the winding of each switch arranged to included in the controlled circuit tLe closing of a preceding switch the said series, a locking Windin c operating winding arranged to be included in the controlled circuit by the closing of a preceding switch, a locking winding arranged to prevent the closing of the said switches, and a master-switch to successively decnergize the said locking: windings.

6. In an electric controller, a. series of clectroanagnetically operated switches, each of said switches having an operating winding adapted when energized to cause closing of said switch, means for successively energizing said operating windings, a lockingwinding" adapted when energized to prevent each switch from closing, anda switch to decnergize the said locking wind lugs, 7. In a controller for electric motors, a motor circuit, a resistance, apilot switch for closing the circuit through the said n10- tor and the resistance, a series of switches for controlling the amount of the.

said resistance in the motor circuit, each oi said switches except the first having an e13 crating winding included. in the circuit closed at the main contacts of the switch which precedes it in operation, a locking winriling; for each switch normally energized for nreventing the operation of the said swit h, and a master switch for successively denergi'zing the said locking windings.

8. In a controller for electric'motors, a

-n1otor circuit, a resistance, a pilot switch for closing the circuit through the said 2110- tor and the said resistance, a series of switches for controlling the amount of the said resistance in the motor circuit, each of the switches of said series having an operating; winding included in the circuit closed at the main contacts of-the switch which precedes itin operation, and a locking wind; ing for each switch of said series arranged to prevent the-closing of the said switch until the effect of said locking winding is neutralised or removed,

in an er vollC controller, a controlled circuit, a series of magnetically-operated switches arranged to in a oredeter- 1 i i i a a i i mine-c1 OZCLQFL, o1. m saute-lies having are circuit, series of magnetically-operated switches adapted to closein a predetermined order, each said switches having contacts and an actuating winding adapted to be connected in the controlled. circuit, the ac tuating winding of each switch being included in the controlled circuit by the closure of the switch which precedes it closure, and contacts on the last of said switches to close which serve to short-cir-- cuit the actuating windings of the preceding switches when the said last switch closes,

ii. In a controller for electric motors, a motor circuit, a resistance for the. motor circuit, a series of switches having contacts for controlling successive sections of the said resistance, each of the said switches having actuating i'vinding included in the motor circuit by the closure oi. the switch which precedes it in operation, the contacts of the last of said switches to close lacing connected to short-circuit all of said; resistance and also to short-circuit the actuating windings of the preceding resist once-controlling switches when said last switch is closed. V

12. in a control system, controlled cirouit, a switch therefor, a winding for the switch energized by the current in the controlled circuit, a second switch for the said circuit, a winding therefor energized icy the current in the said circuit, and connections whereby the switch in closing energizes the winding of the second switch, and

the second switch in closing causes the first I switch to open,

In a control system, a controlled circuit, resistances therefor, switches for controlling the resistances, actuating windings for the switches energized by current in the controlled circuit, contactsfor connesting the resistances and the actuating winding of one of said switches in the said circuit, and connections whereby one switc,

of the series in closing-energizes the Wind- .circuit closed y the switch which precec es i, or electric motors, a we motor circuit, a resistance in the motor circiuding the switch which precedes it in 0pcuit, a series of switches for shunting S116- eration and a section of said resistance. 14: cessivc sections of said resistance each of Signed at Cleveland, Ohio, this 9th day the said switches having an actuating Windof July A; D. 1913.

ing included in she motor circuit by the ARTHUR G. EASTWOOD. closure of the switch which precedes it in Witnesses:

operation and each switch, when actuated, GEORGE Si PARKER,

closing a circuit in shunt to a circuit in H. M. DIEIMER.

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