UA94503C2 - Drill bit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to rock-destruction tool, in particular to rock drilling bits with blasting and can be used at drilling wells in hard rocks. A drill bit has a body and rock cutting devices with cutting structure, those by means of bearing supports are mounted on the body one in another, inner of those is installed with angular inclination with respect to axis of drill bit, and the outer one – with angular inclination to opposite side with respect to axis of the drill bit. Substantial increase of service live, manufacturability and unification of drill bit is provided by fact that cutting structure of rock cutting devices is arranged as removable end tips made of wear-proofed material reinforced with teeth made of solid alloy on tungsten-cobalt basis, at that bearing support of each of rock cutting devices is equipped with device for control of value of axial deflections.

Description

Each support bearing, in particular its track. The allowable value of the axial load in rolling on the trunnion, operating with a load on type 7000 bearings cannot exceed 70 of the endurance limit of the metal of the trunnion, rollers, and frame of the unused permissible radial extension. loading. As mentioned above, the final roller-

C. Design differences of the legs, bearing-bearing of the traditional three-layer chisel bit assemblies and layers in the bit, which are intended to accept approximately 35,905 radial load- for drilling wells in soft, medium or support. This value balances on the border of hard rocks, so significant that the durability of the material of the raceways and rollers excludes the possibility of unification of the component parts even for this bearing. An additional axial load of the same size. It is this factor that determines the value of which is 2-2.5 times higher than the allowable high price of a drill bit tool. therefore, the radial component load of the final 4. The axial component load on the bearing can cause catastrophic resistance - the value changes sign, is harmful and destruction of the final bearing and jamming - does not affect the rock-destructive damage of the ball bearing in any way. characteristics of the bit. It is directed along axis 2. In the analogue bit, the inner ring of the end trunnion and is more than 60 95 of the size of the thrust bearing is mounted on the trunnion with the possibility of loading on one support. Axial arbitrary (spontaneous) movement along the axis of tension in the traditional "roller-ball-roller" support of the trunnion, which has a cylindrical ledge on the side, receives the locking ball bearing of the double-sided peripheral bearing. Between the ledge and its internal action. It closes the axial loads on itself, the ring of the end bearing is located on the plate, which is directed both in the direction of the end bearing, the spring, which theoretically provides the pin, and in the opposite direction: in the direction of the base, the front axial tension and the power locking of the elecap. Two-sided loads lead to the ments of both roller bearings, which eliminates the rapid wear of the elements of the locking layer - the possibility of axial play (backlash) in the support. co-bearing and the formation of a large axial But the analysis of the main moments of the interaction of ele- backlash. It is known that with a value of 3-5 mm of backlash in the support elements of a chisel-analog by kinetostat-support methods, the skew of the cylindrical rollers of the jaws occurs shows the following: to the raceways and jamming of the supports, and in the case of of roller bearings, the radial component of the load on

The well-known open bearing support of a drilling trunnion (leg) is distributed between two roller bits, which contains a leg with a trunnion, a ball, and bearings (Fig. 1 of the PCT application). The axial front-periphery locking radial-resistive conical movement, through the cylindrical ledge on the trunnion, in the roller bearing mounted at the base of the trunnion volume is transmitted to the plate spring and fi, and the final radial-resistive conical roller elastically deforms it. Since all elements are end bearing, on which the ball bearing is mounted. If the roller bearing is already closed with each other and the peripheral bearing is fixed on the ball housing, then the only possible direction of the pin and in the ball housing with the help of a spring for movements in the support is the longitudinal alternating rings. The end bearing is mounted on the trunnion through the hole of the inner ring of the end trunnion with the possibility of free axial (longitudinal bearing in the direction of the top of the trunnion) movement and rests on the trunnion ledge. At the same time, the inner ring of the peripheral through a disk spring. of a tapered roller bearing together with tapered ones

The version of this support contains radial-thrust rollers and a separator that will move together with a conical, radial cylindrical and thrust pin in the direction of the top of the ball. Locking roller bearings (International application PCT Mo MUMO peripheral roller bearing in this disclosure 2005/021923 A1, IPC" E 21 B 10/22, the date is international, because the rollers are located above the axis of the axle publication: March 10, 2005). fi, will lose physical contact with the external circle

Analog chisel has the following significant disadvantages: cem. At the same time, the radial backlash will exceed 1. The authors of the analogue bit have excluded from the composition several times the allowable normative value of the structure of its support, the traditional lock sha- IDovidnyk, -P.168, tab.14)|. As a result of this, the double-action bearing was dramatically reduced and the angle of the load zone of the lock bearing on the peripheral radius (to the value of 60-90", instead of the optimal size-thrust tapered roller bearing, even if it is 170-180"), was placed contact stresses in the elements of the bearing, as is known, is capable of perceiving only the bearing, may exceed the maximum allowable one-sided axial load. The design is about size; ry of an analog chisel (fig. 1, 2 of graphic materials, b) with a conditionally stationary trunnion, the axial component of the PCT application) contains an image of a typical load on the ball directed along single-row radially resistive conical rollers in the direction of the trunnion axis foundations. Axial load of type 7000 bearings. According to GOST 333 - 71, the outer ring, type 7000 is the main one (Beiselman R.D., Tsipkin rollers and the inner ring of the end bearing

B.V., Perel L.Ya. Rolling bearings. Reference - acts on the disc spring and elastically deforms it. nickname Ed. 6. M.: Mashinostroenie, 1975. - P.52-53. At the same time, the shell housing, end bearing,

Next in the text - References|. The angle of contact between the bearing plate spring and the outer ring of the type 7000 lock key is: s-10-177. peripheral tapered roller bearing

Single-row tapered roller bearings are able to accept only one-sided axial load, located in the direction of the base of the trunnion. plate spring deformations. The peripheral roller bearing will open again, its radial ball bearing will increase dramatically, and the angle of the load zone will decrease dramatically. Given the axial backlash. the fact that the working loads on the supports of the shroshok The closest analog-prototype is a drilling drill bit and without that have a cyclic, impact-bit containing a body and rock-destructive organic character, additional axial and radial blows in us with weapons, which with the help of bearing supports will have an extremely negative effect on long-shaft supports mounted on the body inside the bit. That is why the radial and axial others, the inner one of which is installed with an angular backlash in any rolling resistances, try to tilt with respect to the axis of the bit, and the outer one with an angular backlash to provide minimal and strictly limited tilt in the opposite direction with respect to the axis of the bit (Av-my. The main The disadvantage of the support design is that the lock peripheral radial 9/08, publ. 04/30/1976, Bull. Mo 16). a non-thrust tapered roller bearing actually The prototype bit has the following disadvantages: it has no effect on the amount of axial play in 1. The bearing supports of the bit are made non- this support. detachable and, by analogy with the three-layer dolo-

Z. A variant of the bearing support with chisels equipped with locking ball bearings, similar to (fig. 2 of the graphic materials of the PCT application), which are mounted in the supports using a technological method consisting of one single row of radial holes and locking fingers. Such locking sub-thrust tapered roller bearing, single bearings do not contain means for the previous or radial roller bearing, with cylindrical current adjustment of the amount of axial backlash. rollers and one thrust ball bearing, 2. The technology of manufacturing raceways does not comply with the rules of application of conical and housing in the cavity of the spheres of extremely complex thrust bearings, namely: on and labor-intensive, as in three sphere drilling machines a) single-row radial-thrust conical roller - arrival the bearings should be in one support, as Z. The prototype bit, like any other bit, at least one pair (Handbook, - P. 53, paragraph 2; - b. forged bits, has a large spread in durability 169 , Fig. 3-6, 3rd; main constituent elements: housing, bearings - b) rolling thrust bearings have certain forged supports and armor plates. So, for example, specifics regarding the methods of establishing their deposits, in the process of testing pilot batches of thrust rings on the shaft and in the housing. So, for example, during drilling runs, it turned out that in such runs, one thrust ring must be fixed on the shaft for the eternity of the bearing supports, for the first time in the world rigidly, with a standard tension, and the second thrust, in practice, exceeded several times the thrust ring with a standard gap, the size of which is 0.2-0.4 mm. This gap is provided by destructive organs. This became possible due to the fact that the inner diameter of the second thrust roller, and the angle of the load zone of the bearings in this one is 0.2-0.4 millimeters larger than the diameter of the shaft. supports of the prototype bit is 360" and in three-

The diameter of the groove in the housing for the installation of the second ball bits, immediately after running-in, the ring should be 0.5-1 mm larger than the outer one no more than 160-175". The prototype bit made of rock is the diameter of the thrust bearing. Moreover, GOST destructive organs equipped with carbide contains mandatory conditions regarding the minimum allowable teeth, with full (100 95) wear of the working width of the support surface separately for a pair of surfaces; the wear of the bit body does not exceed "ring - shaft" and a pair of "ring - the case" Handbook, - the bearing 25 95, and the bearing supports - 35 905. Such,

P. 520-523, table 191. half-worn, the bits could not be repaired, the

All these requirements are not taken into account in the analog chisel, only the design of the prototype chisel does not provide for it (graphic materials of the PCT application, Fig. 2). One of the possibilities of technological operations for replacement is a ring mounted on a trunnion with radial replacement or restoration of component parts. sight (movable connection), and the second thrust ring and the main objective of the invention is the rolling elements with the separator are located beyond the limit increase in durability, manufacturability and we trunnions. The requirements regarding the width of the thrust and the unification of shrosh drill bits have not been met. The essence of the invention is that in a drill bit, the end of a disc spring (a linear bit, which contains the body and rock-destructive organ-contact) is used as a support surface for weapons, which with the help of a bearing-thrust ring ; of the supports are mounted on the body, one inside c) conditionally locking peripheral radial - the other, the inner one of which is installed with an angular thrust conical roller bearing fixed at an angle relative to the axis of the bit, and the outer one - with an angular housing of the bit with the help of a threaded sleeve, inclined in the opposite direction relative to the axis bit, according to although the threaded connections are not intended for taking dynamic radial loads. For this, made in the form of removable end nozzles, if necessary, use cylindrical (matrices) made of wear-resistant material, reinforced sleeves, cups, etc., which, together with the bearing with inserts (teeth) made of hard material, are rigidly mounted in the main body, with radial in this way, the bearing support of each rock-destroying tension of the cylindrical surfaces of the connecting body is equipped with a device for adjustment

For example: Handbook, - P. 380, fig. 2 and - P.381, values of axial play (or pretension). Fig. ZI. With this design, the drill bit has to

Shown in fig. 1 and 2 of the PCT applications of the support are not the following advantages: they meet the requirements for the design of the support

- the factor of using removable end nozzles 7 and 8. The end nozzles are made of sockets (matrices) as quick-changeable fast-wear-resistant material and reinforced with inserts (teeth) of their component parts of the drilling tool, 9, made of hard material, allows to ensure effective operation of the bit to the deposits of hard alloy on the tungsten-cobalt moment of complete wear of all its components based on or made of superhard composite material - parts: housing, shells, bearing supports; based on artificial and natural diamonds. The end - the factor of using removable end nozzles nozzles are fixed on the ends of rock-destroying docks, i.e., variable armament of shells, which, according to the authorities by known means, for example, with the help, can differ in the number and size of the screws. and the shape of carbide teeth, including the upper radial thrust ball bearing of those with a diamond coating, allows the uni- support of the rock-crushing body Z is equipped to lock drill bits. At the same time, drilling with a bit ring 10 and a device 11 for adjusting a certain size, which are designed to increase the amount of axial play in the manufactured support, drilling wells in soft, medium, hard or, for example, in the form of an end washer and a bolt . Sha- superhard rocks, can differ only rico-bearing support 5 external rock material and geometric shape of the teeth of the destructive organ 4, in turn, is equipped with removable end nozzles; metal ring 12 and threaded cover 13 for - the presence of variable end nozzles allows adjustment of the amount of axial play in the support. When making the body of the bit and body parts, this cover is equipped with a sealing ring. rock-destroying bodies made of cheaper materi- The version of the drill bit (Fig. 2) contains corals, and the end nozzles themselves are made of alloy steels and pus with blowing channels 2, rock-destroying alloys with special properties in relation to tver- bodies Z and 4, which are mounted on the case for use, abrasion resistance, etc.; by means of bearing supports 14 and 15, which consist of - the presence of wear-resistant removable arms consisting of radially-resisting conical roller springs - rock-destroying bodies of the bit, in combination with drills equipped with separators. Bearings with powerful bearing supports, which support supports 14, 15 are equipped with devices 16 and 17 for having only useful one-sided axial load- adjustment of the amount of axial play. The presence of anchoring and having a load zone angle of 360", 17 extensions makes the supports collapsible. It increases the life of the bit by 3-5 times. The variant of the drill bit (Fig. 3) contains the use of production plant 1 with blowing ducts 2, destruction of spare weapons units; bodies C and 4, mounted on the hull with the help of - the presence of devices for adjusting the size of the bearing supports 18 and 19, which consist of axial play or pre-tension in the supports of typical of rolling bearings: radial or radial-destructive bodies allows to abandon radial-thrust ball bearings, radial- the generally accepted world practice of selective thrust tapered roller bearings, etc., which selection of rolling bodies in accordance with the actual dia- equipped with outer and inner rings, the diameter of the raceways on the trunnion and in the cavity of the rolling blades and separators, for example, layers that are individual for each section of the bottom - bearing type 0000 GOST 8338-93; types and; 60000 and 80000 GOST 7242-85; type 1000 GOST - the presence of such devices allows unification- 5720-75; type 3000 GOST 8545-78; type 6000 GOST for the manufacture of individual parts of the drill bit 831-90; type 7000 GOST 333-94; type 8000 GOST and: paws, balls and bearings or rolling elements 6874-82, etc. and separators. This significantly simplifies and lowers the cost of the rock-destructive organs of the drill bit equipment, technological operations of manufacturing and assembling the machine with removable end nozzles, the production of the drill bit. they are made of wear-resistant material. Work surfaces

In the attached drawings, the drill bits are reinforced with inserts (teeth) 9, the manufacturing variants of the drill bit are provided in the attached drawings, namely: cast from a solid material, for example, from solid- frontal section of a drill bit with collapsible dogo alloy on a tungsten-cobalt base or ball bearing supports - fig. 1; front - made of ultra-hard composite material based on the cross-section of a drill bit, with collapsible rollers - artificial and natural diamonds. At the same time, top-bearing supports - fig. 2; the front teeth can have a diamond coating. section of a drill bit with collapsible supports that The drill bit works as follows. Cor- consist of typical rolling bearings, the bit is connected to the drill pipe of the machine equipped with outer and inner rings. Drill bit with rotation and specified rolling bodies and separators - fig. 3; a borehole image of a test sample of the drill hole is applied to the hole with a photo-gravel load. At the same time, through the blowing ducts, the variant with a central nozzle - fig. 4. Do 2 supply air under pressure. As I submerge

The drill bit (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1 with teeth 9 punched into the surface of the well hole, blowing channels 2, and rock-breaking organs: the rock-breaking organs enter the mechanical inner З and outer 4, which are made in contact with the rock and roll along the hole for in the form of end layers. Rock-breaking organs due to the rotation of the body of 1 bit. The contact zones are mounted on the housing with the help of collapsible pit rock-breaking bodies with the rock bearing units (supports) 5 and 6, which are located on different sides of the axis of the well, which excludes radial thrust ball bearings. The working possibility of the occurrence of radial vibrations is lower than the fast-wearing part of each rock debris and relative to the axis of the well. The trajectory of the movement of each leg organ is equipped with removable end attachments - from the teeth 9 of the armament of the end attachments 7 and 8 has the form of a running wave. At the same time, the teeth 9 successively - increasing the mechanical speed of drilling by 2 - act on local areas of the surface of the hole, destroy - 2.5 times due to the possibility of increasing veline and grind a certain layer of rock. Flows exert a load on the bit; compressed air blows the drilling mud with a 2-3 times decrease in the size of the desired upper blowout and carries it out through the annular torque of the rotary engine; width on the surface. The conical shape of the external - increasing the durability of the bearing-bearing earth-shattering body minimizes the support of the bit by 10-45 times due to increasing the possibility of contact of its surface with the walls of the beam of the load zone of the bearings in the supports to the shaft. This factor significantly reduces the working 360; torque on the shaft of the motor-turner and the reduction - a 3-5 times increase in durability hardens the heating of the bit elements to a minimum. alloy weapons of mass destruction bodies for

Bench and full-scale tests of experimental accounts of changes in the trajectory of movement and angles of immersion of samples of drill bits (for example, Fig. 4) showed dents in the rock; the general increase in the resource of the high efficiency of these bits, compared to the traditional bits, by 4-5 times due to the use of three-layered bits, namely: replaceable sets of weapons. and A ' and A / | 7th en

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Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

State Department of Intellectual Property, str. Urytskogo, 45, Kyiv, MSP, 03680, Ukraine

SE "Ukrainian Institute of Industrial Property", str. Glazunova, 1, Kyiv - 42, 01601