CN1084616A

CN1084616A - Self-pumping oil lubricated axial thrust rolling bearing

Info

Publication number: CN1084616A
Application number: CN 93104692
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜长春
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1993-04-19
Filing date: 1993-04-19
Publication date: 1994-03-30

Abstract

Self-pumping oil lubricated axial thrust rolling bearing has a rolling bearing of pump functional oil voluntarily for a kind of.Feature of the present invention is: utilize relative movement and the specific gap between the part of bearing own and be opened in pump oil skewed slot or spiral chute on the curved surface that constitutes above-mentioned gap, constitute at least one carries out pressure lubrication to rolling element and raceway clearance type dynamic pressure oil pump.It is strong that the present invention has a self-lubricating function, permissible revolution height, advantage such as the life-span is long, and noise is little.

Description

Self-pumping oil lubricated axial thrust rolling bearing

The present invention is a kind of about axial thrust rolling bearing, particularly a kind of axial thrust rolling bearing about having pump functional oil voluntarily and can carrying out self-contained lubrication to rolling element and raceway.

Axial thrust rolling bearing (comprises that rolling element is spherical, the garden cylindricality, various axial thrust rolling bearings such as taper and radial thrust rolling bearing), starting and operation friction moment are little owing to having, advantages such as reliable operation, be widely used in electromechanics at present, aviation, vehicle, boats and ships, in the engineering running mechanism system, be a kind of use rolling bearing widely.

In existing various types of axial thrust rolling bearings, a nominal operation rotating speed is arranged all.Though it is a lot of that influence further improves the factor of rotating speed, wherein most important also is that one of the most effective means are the lubricating condition of improving bearing.Mostly method commonly used at present is to adopt a cover supplementary equipment, as the banjo lubrication oil pump, and jet spraying lubricating device etc.These methods no doubt can be improved the lubricating condition of bearing inside greatly, improve its working speed, but correspondingly make equipment cost, installation cost and usage space all increase to some extent and bring problems such as reliability reduction.

At this present situation, the relative movement that purpose of the present invention aims to provide a series of dependence bearing partss itself is pump oil and axial thrust rolling bearing that rolling element and raceway are carried out pressure lubrication voluntarily.

The intention of invention is realized by following method: on two side planes of retainer, offer at least one group such as four groups of pumps oil skewed slots (or spiral chute), wherein two groups of skewed slots are positioned on two toroidal surfaces of rolling element inboard, two groups of skewed slots are positioned on two toroidal surfaces in the rolling element outside, and the true dip direction of two groups of skewed slots in the same plane is consistent but opposite with true dip direction on another plane.On the other hand, make above-mentioned two planes respectively and the gap between the raceway plane of the inside and outside circle of bearing enough little, form four clearance type skewed slots (spiral chute) dynamic pressure oil pump therefrom.Because all there is relative movement in the Internal and external cycle of the retainer of bearing and bearing, so, when bearing rotates, two oil pumps on plane just fluid from the inboard pump of bearing roller laterally, two oil pumps on another plane then fluid from the outside pump of bearing roller to the inside, the circulation of formation ring-current, reaching up and down to rolling element, raceway carries out effective lubricating.When the sense of rotation of bearing changes, the also corresponding change of the direction of circulation.In addition, also can respectively offer one group of pump oil skewed slot (or spiral chute) that spreads all over the full annular face respectively on the two sides of retainer, be that rolling element is distributed in the shared zone of pump oil skewed slot, shown in (b) among the figure three, thereby constitute two clearance type skewed slot dynamic pressure oil pumps with inside and outside circle.

In the occasion of the big lubricating oil flow of needs, can design the pump oil skewed slot on retainer two sides all the time simultaneously to a direction pump oil.

If adopt in the bearing outside and install integrated type maintenance coil structures, then more help the circulation (seeing aftermentioned for details) of fluid.As long as design is proper, no matter be to adopt the open-core type retainer or adopt solid formula retainer, all can constitute gratifying clearance type dynamic pressure oil pump.What should be mentioned in that is, the benefit of offering pump oil skewed slot on the two sides of retainer also is not only to make the structure of clearance type dynamic pressure oil pump very simple but also because certain fluid is arranged between retainer and roller surface all the time, can suppress its self-excited vibration, reduce friction and noise.Certainly, also can utilize the relative movement between outer ring and the inner ring, suitable clearance plane is set, on some of formation gap, offer pump oil skewed slot, form working principle and identical clearance type dynamic pressure oil pump noted earlier.

In brief, in the present invention, utilized the relative movement between the part of bearing own, by some specific curved surface of relative movement part (can be the plane, toroidal surface, the conical surface etc.) gap of Gou Chenging and opening at the inclination oil groove such as the spiral chute that constitute on the curved surface in these gaps forms one or more clearance type dynamic pressure oil pump, and the fluid that this oil pump is got can carry out effective self-contained lubrication to the rolling element and the raceway of bearing.The oil pump of discussing has three basic elements, first element is a fundamental surface, second element has relative movement with fundamental surface, constitutes the curved surface in gap, the 3rd element then is to be opened in the pump oil skewed slot that a plurality of and surface bus on above-mentioned any one curved surface constitutes certain angle, and fundamental surface can be also can moving of fixing.Obviously, this oil pump has simple in structure, the reliability height, and the oil transportation characteristic just in time meets advantages such as bearing requirement.

The shape of the skewed slot section in the oil pump of gap can be different shapes such as rectangle, triangle, trapezoidal, circular arc.The number of skewed slot, width, the degree of depth, geometric parameters such as angle of inclination are then answered decisions such as rotating speed that the optical axis holds and other conditions.As for the type of skewed slot, then convenient with spiral fluted processing.

Compare with existing various axial thrust rolling bearings, it is strong that the present invention has the selflubricating ability, permitted to hold the rotating speed height, good reliability, and noise is little, advantages such as life-span length.

The embodiment that the present invention is used for various axial thrust rolling bearings is provided by accompanying drawing one-accompanying drawing four.

Figure one is the working principle explanation schematic representation of clearance type skewed slot dynamic pressure pump.Figure two is for having the single-row end thrust rolling ball bearing of clearance type skewed slot dynamic pressure oil pump.The situation of open-core type retainer is adopted in (a) expression among the figure, and (b) the expression retainer is the structure example of solid formula.Figure three is for having the end thrust roller bearing of clearance type skewed slot dynamic pressure pump, and (a) among the figure is single-row roller construction, (b) is the structure example of double-row roller bearing.The situation of considering the end thrust needle bearing is similar to the end thrust roller bearing substantially, so give omission.Figure four has represented that the present invention is used for the structure example of end thrust taper roller bearing, and (a) among the figure all has the structure of the conical surface for Internal and external cycle, (b) has the structure of the conical surface for outer ring only.

Below, with reference to accompanying drawing one-four, describe the structure characteristic of the automatic pumping oil lubricating axial thrust rolling bearing that proposes according to the present invention and working principle etc. in detail.

Shown in figure one, if the retainer of the bearing among the figure two is a bit launched and be simplified to rectangular tables along certain of its periphery to be shown in the three-dimensional coordinate, then must offer at grade but be positioned at several heeling pump oil grooves (Cl) of rolling element both sides, (Cr) and the relation of the position between the inner ring raceway face.Branch plane, figure middle and upper part is the expansion plane (1A) of inner ring raceway face, and the bottom is divided into the expansion plane (3A) of retainer one side.When upper plane (1A) is mobile with the opposite direction of speed " V " edge " X " axle, because the effect of viscosity, fluid between (1A) reaches (3A) just moves along the opposite direction of " X " axle, the fluid speed that sticks on (3A) face is consistent with the movement velocity " V " of inner ring, and the fluid speed on (1A) groove bottom then is zero.Because oil groove (Cl) has an angle (D) with moving direction,, realized oil from of the requirement of the three unities pump to another place so the above fluid in bottom surface just is pushed to (b-b) face from (a-a) face continuously in the groove.The geometric parameter of oil groove is as (b) of figure in (1), (t), and (h), (w), (D), clearance height (hp), skewed slot number, distribution circle half warp of skewed slot, oil viscosity and relative velocity " V " etc. all have certain influence to the oily ability of pump.

Example when figure two expression the present invention are used for single-row end thrust rolling ball bearing, the (a) and (b) among the figure respectively tabular form retainer be hollow and solid structure.Bearing is by inner ring (1), rolling element (2), and retainer (3), outer ring parts such as (4) constitutes.Pump oil skewed slot (spiral chute) is opened in retainer (3) end flat, is positioned on four independent toroidal surfaces of ball both sides, constitutes four clearance type dynamic pressure oil pumps (CHP1) with the roller surface of Internal and external cycle, (CHP2), and (CHP3) and (CHP4).When bearing " Wc " when rotation in a clockwise direction, oil pump (CHP1), (CHP2) fluid with speed " V " from the central pump of bearing to periphery, and (CHP3),, form so-called ring-current circulation (CHP4) then the center of fluid from periphery blowback bearing.When sense of rotation is counterclockwise direction, the also corresponding change of the flow direction of fluid.

The structure example of figure three expression automatic pumping oil lubricating type cylinder type roller bearings.(a) among the figure is the single-column type roller construction, and bearing is by inner ring (1), roller (2), and retainer (3), outer ring parts such as (4) constitutes.Four planes on retainer (3) two side planes, that be placed in the roller both sides respectively with two roller surfaces of Internal and external cycle constitute four clearance type dynamic pressure oil pumps (CHP1), (CHP2) and (CHP3), (CHP4).Corresponding to the clockwise direction of inner ring, four clearance type dynamic pressure oil pumps will make fluid formation circulation as shown in FIG., and rolling element and raceway are carried out effective lubricating.If the sense of rotation of inner ring changes, the then also corresponding change of the direction of circulation.

(b) among the figure represented the embodiment of biserial roller construction.Bearing is by inner ring (1), two row rollers (2), and retainer (3), outer ring parts such as (4) constitutes.Different with situation shown in aforementioned (a) is: on two planes of retainer, offered two groups of (it seems from the front) true dip direction spiral chutes different, that spread all over whole plane.Since two row rollers be positioned at discuss in the middle of the spiral chute zone, so the pump pasta is discontinuous.Two groups of discrete pump oil skewed slots (spiral chute) constitute two clearance type dynamic pressure oil pumps (CHP1) with the relevant plane of inside and outside circle, (CHP2).Difference corresponding to bearing turns to, and two clearance type dynamic pressure oil pumps will make fluid form different ring-current circulations.

Requiring the occasion of bigger flow of lubrication, can design the pump oil skewed slot on retainer two sides all the time simultaneously to a direction pump oil.

Because the situation of automatic pumping oil lubricating type needle thrust bearing and the situation of above-mentioned roller bearing are similar substantially, so in this omission.

Figure four has represented that the present invention is used for the embodiment that rolling element is the tapper formula axial thrust bearing of cone.(a) among the figure all has the structure of the tapered roller surface in garden for Internal and external cycle, (b) has the conical surface for inner ring only but the outer ring has the structure of spherical self-alignment base.Bearing is by inner ring (1), tapper (2), and retainer (3), outer ring (4), integrated type keeps formation such as circle (5) part of etc.ing.Two roller surfaces of two toroidal surfaces of retainer (3) and inside and outside circle constitute two clearance type dynamic pressure oil pumps (CHP1), and (CHP2), pump oil skewed slot is discontinuous formula, and is similar to (b) among the figure three.When bearing " Wc " when rotation in a clockwise direction, two oil pumps make fluid in the inner ring-current circulation that forms as shown in the figure of bearing, so that rolling element and roller surface are carried out effective lubricating jointly.When the sense of rotation of bearing changed, the flow direction of fluid was also with corresponding change.Because action of centrifugal force, generally speaking, the source and course flow of fluid is greater than the flow that confluxes.Therefore, keep circle in bearing arranged outside integrated type, fluid is not easy loss, can make the flow of circulation comparatively approaching.Simultaneously, the integrated type retainer also helps and protect bearing in transportation process.

In sum, utilize the motion of bearing itself and clearance type skewed slot dynamic pressure oil pump that relevant clearance plane constituted that various forms and combination can be arranged.

Point out in passing, utilize basic principle of the present invention, can also design the axial thrust rolling bearing such as the multiple formula ball bearing of other many different structures, self-alignment formula ball bearing, radial force and axial force combined type rolling bearing etc.In addition, according to the various axial thrust rolling bearings of manufacturing of the present invention, can also be used in lubricated medium is the occasion of grease and other Lubricantss.

Claims

Self-pumping oil lubricated axial thrust rolling bearing comprises that rolling element is tapered etc. the axial thrust rolling bearing of ball-type, cylinder type, garden, mainly by rolling element (2), and retainer (3) and inner ring (1), outer ring parts such as (4) is formed.Feature of the present invention is:

1, in bearing, is provided with at least one clearance type skewed slot or spiral chute dynamic pressure oil pump.
2, according to the described bearing of claim " 1 ", the formation element of its oil pump is: the particular geometric gap between the bearing relative movement part, and being opened in several pumps oil skewed slot or spiral chutes on the curved surface that constitutes above-mentioned gap, every skewed slot or spiral fluted center line all have an angle with respect to the bus of discussing curved surface.The function of this oil pump is that lubricated medium are delivered to opposite side from a side pressure of rolling element, and rolling element and raceway are carried out pressure lubrication.