CN1084618A

CN1084618A - Self-pumping oil lubricated radial sliding bearing

Info

Publication number: CN1084618A
Application number: CN 93104691
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜长春
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1993-04-19
Filing date: 1993-04-19
Publication date: 1994-03-30

Abstract

Self-pumping oil lubricated radial sliding bearing is a kind of sliding bearing that has pump functional oil voluntarily and can carry out pressure lubrication to bearing and axle surface.Feature of the present invention is: the oily skewed slot of at least one group of pump or the spiral chute that utilize relative movement and the gap between bearing and the axle surface and be opened in bearing inner surface, formation can be to bearing and the surperficial clearance type dynamic pressure oil pump that carries out pressure lubrication of axle.It is strong that the present invention has a self-lubricating function, permitted to hold the rotating speed height, advantage such as bearing capacity is big, and the life-span is long, and noise is little.

Description

Self-pumping oil lubricated radial sliding bearing

The present invention is a kind of about radial sliding bearing, particularly about a kind of sliding bearing that has vertically pump functional oil voluntarily and the bearing slidingsurface is lubricated.

Radial sliding bearing, because it is big to have bearing capacity, installing space is little, and running noise is low, and is with low cost, and series of advantages such as life-span length are used among various machineries at present more and more.

Though it is a lot of to influence the factor of sliding bearing performance, but one of most important means that improve bearing performance are to improve the lubricated and radiating condition of bearing, especially for " slenderness ratio " bigger sliding bearing and use occasion at high-speed overload, good lubricated and cooling measure is the necessary condition that guarantees the bearing proper functioning.Mostly method commonly used at present is to offer various through oil grooves (referring to accompanying drawing 1) vertically at the internal surface of bearing, so that fluid can produce good flowing vertically.The problem of these methods is: for the situation that there is pressure reduction at the bearing two ends, if bearing inner high voltage zone is just in time near axially logical oil groove or helix groove, just then the pressure distribution that is produced by the hydrodynamic effect in whole loaded area can be subjected to having a strong impact on the bearing capacity that promptly reduces bearing.If axially logical oil groove is in the scope away from the pressure-bearing zone, then the effect of being dispelled the heat in the bearing area of heating value maximum will reduce greatly.Do not have the use condition of remarkable pressure reduction for the bearing two ends, then regardless of the axial position of logical oil groove, its effect is low than the former all.Especially in the occasion that runs up, because action of centrifugal force, the central region of bearing is often more difficult to get good lubricated, when " slenderness ratio " of bearing is big, even the sticking phenomenon of burning of bearing can occur.When load character was rotation load, the above-mentioned weakness that has the bearing of axially logical oil groove will be more remarkable.

In view of this present situation, purpose of the present invention aims to provide a kind of sliding bearing that relies on the relative movement between axle and the bearing surface and make bearing have voluntarily pump functional oil vertically and pressure lubrication is carried out on bearing and axle surface.

The intention of invention is achieved in that the end at bearing, offers the skewed slot that several radial depths are suitable, length is certain (or spiral chute) along whole inner peripheral surface.The characteristics of these skewed slots are: skewed slot all is non-through, and the center line of every skewed slot has an angle with respect to the bus of bearing inner surface.For the bearing of two-way rotation, should offer pump oil skewed slot (spiral chute) at the two ends of bearing.At this moment, should note the necessary unanimity of true dip direction of skewed slot.Like this, when rotate with respect to bearing inner surface on the axle surface, these skewed slots just can be fluid continuously from this end pump of bearing to the other end, heat is taken away on the surface of lubricated whole bearing and axle.Certainly, corresponding to the rotating speed of determining, the entry condition difference of two oil pumps at bearing two ends owing to be placed in (two groups of pump oil skewed slots in other words), generally speaking, the fluid amount that flows through bearing can only be thought of as by a clearance type skewed slot (or spiral chute) dynamic pressure pump and provide.

To the sliding bearing that runs up, two groups of pump oil skewed slot or spiral chutes that true dip direction is different can be set for some folk prescription at the bearing two ends.In other words, the pump of two clearance type dynamic pressure oil pumps at bearing two ends oil direction all is from past middle part, the both sides of bearing, but the pump of one of them bearing oil ability is greater than another.Like this, the acting in conjunction of two oil pumps will make in the bearing and to produce that any point along garden week negative pressure or cavitation erosion can not occur in the hydrodynamic effect zone, and assurance simultaneously has certain Lubricants flow to pass through bearing all the time.Can realize that consequently the high-speed overload folk prescription is to running.

When axle stand under load disalignment, mean that the gap between a surface and the bearing inner surface is not waited everywhere.Above-mentioned clearance type dynamic pressure oil pump along garden week pump oil ability everywhere be inversely proportional to the i.e. fluid axle flux of bearing radial gap smaller part (being like this at the delivery side of pump place at least) greatly with gap length.In addition, this clearance type dynamic pressure oil pump is characterised in that its fluid flow is directly proportional with rotating speed, the requirement that increases to some extent for lubricated and heat dissipation potential when just in time satisfying the bearing high speed.

Because the shared axial length of the pump of discussing oil skewed slot (or spiral chute) very little, other do not have the position of skewed slot to be expected to set up good hydrldynamic pressure lubrication oil film at bearing, guarantee that bearing is when having good automatic pumping oil lubricating characteristic, have advantages of high bearing capacity, this is very favourable for making " slenderness ratio " bigger sliding bearing.

Compare with formation axial flow pressure reduction needed, that occur in the bearing both sides, quantity rank by the maximum carrying hydrodynamic pressure that hydrodynamic effect produced, distribute along garden Zhou Fangxiang is much bigger, therefore, the former exists the unlikely problem of bearing aspect bearing capacity that cause.

Compare with traditional sliding bearing, it is strong that the present invention has voluntarily pump oil ability, and the axial oil flow changes ideally with rotating speed and gap length, lubricated and good heat dissipation effect, advantage such as bearing capacity is big, and the life-span is long.

The embodiment that the present invention is used for various sliding bearings is provided by accompanying drawing two-accompanying drawing four.Accompanying drawing one has been represented the typical structure example of the various oil grooves that existing sliding bearing had.

Below, with reference to accompanying drawing two-accompanying drawing four, describe the structure characteristic and the working principle of the self-pumping oil lubricated radial sliding bearing that proposes according to the present invention in detail.

Accompanying drawing two is the working principle explanation schematic representation of clearance type skewed slot dynamic pressure pump.If the bearing among the figure three is a bit launched and is expressed as 3-D graphic along garden certain on week, then must be opened on the internal surface of bearing both sides several heeling pump oil grooves (Cl) and (Cr) with the position on whole plane relation.The figure middle and upper part is divided into the expansion plane (1A) on axle surface, and the bottom is divided into the expansion plane (2A) of bearing inner surface.When upper plane (1A) is mobile with the opposite direction of speed " V " edge " X " axle, because the effect of viscosity, fluid between (1A) reaches (2A) just moves along the opposite direction of " X " axle, the fluid speed that sticks on (1A) face is consistent with the movement velocity " V " on axle surface, and the fluid speed that goes up on the pump oil skewed slot bottom surface at (2A) then is zero.Because oil groove (Cl) has an angle (D) with moving direction,, reached fluid from the order ground of the three unities pump to another place so the above fluid in bottom surface just is pushed to " b-b " section from " a-a " section continuously in the groove.The geometric parameter of pump oil skewed slot such as (b) among the figure two, (t), (h), (w), bearing bore diameter (Rc), the number of pump oil skewed slot, clearance height H(A), oil viscosity and speed of related movement " V " etc. all have certain influence to pump oil ability.

The two ends that figure three is illustrated in bearing offer pump oil skewed slot (G1), sliding bearing embodiment (G2).Offer two groups of spiral fluted bearing inner surfaces and constitute two clearance type dynamic pressure oil pumps (CHP1) and (CHP2) with the outer surface of axle.Under the effect of radial load " Fs ", axle (1) concerns shown in the A-A section among the figure with the position of bearing (2).When axle rotates with clockwise direction in scheming " Wc ", the clearance type dynamic pressure pump (CHP1) on bearing right side is pressed to the left side with fluid from the right side, the clearance type dynamic pressure oil pump (CHP2) in bearing left side then helps (CHP1) that fluid is evacuated to the left side from the bearing middle part, thereby forms the axial through-flow of fluid.Because gap " H(A) " is the function of angle " A " everywhere, so as can be known by the characteristic of clearance type dynamic pressure oil pump, the axial flow flux maximum that bearing is located in zone (3), and heating value that should the zone also is maximum, need bigger heat dissipation potential, both just in time coincide.When the sense of rotation of axle is opposite, the also corresponding change of the oily flow path direction among the figure.

For the difficult use occasion that forms big systemic circulation, can on axle, offer radially return port (K1), (K2) and axial oilhole (Ka), perhaps offer the spiral oil guide slot, make fluid can in the smooth scope of bearing both sides, form regional circulation at least at the outer surface of bearing.

As required, (spiral chute forms a clearance type dynamic pressure oil pump also can only to offer several pump oil skewed slots at an end of bearing.

For further clearly representing the relation of pump oil skewed slot and each one of bearing, figure four has provided two ends and has all offered oil pump oil skewed slot (spiral chute) (G1), the stereogram of sliding bearing (G2).

Point out that in passing the present invention is not only applicable to the use occasion of oil lubrication, also be applicable to the use occasion of other lubricating fluids such as water, air etc.

In addition, the present invention is applicable to open type sliding bearing and bush bearing simultaneously, comprises the bearing of various materials.Certainly, the basic principle that also can propose according to the present invention is designed various derivatives or combination product.

Claims

Self-pumping oil lubricated radial sliding bearing has pump functional oil voluntarily and can and constitute the sliding bearing that pressure lubrication is carried out on the axle surface of fastness to bearing for a kind of, and its major character is:

1, on the internal surface of bearing suitable position and in the limited axial dimension, offer one group of skewed slot or spiral chute at least along garden Zhou Fangxiang, this skewed slot or spiral chute will constitute clearance type skewed slot dynamic pressure pump with the axle surface.
2, according to the described bearing of claim " 1 ", its pump oil skewed slot or spiral fluted major character are: all skewed slots or spiral chute are non-through slot, and the bus of every skewed slot or spiral chute and bearing inner surface all has a non-vanishing angle.
3, according to the described bearing of claim " 1 ", the function of its a plurality of skewed slots is to constitute clearance type skewed slot dynamic pressure oil pump with the axle surface, and lubricated medium are delivered to opposite side from a side pressure of bearing, and pressure lubrication is carried out on the surface of bearing and axle.