UA89756C2 - Hydraulic binder-based, tapered-edge boards, production method and production line therefor, and light work construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The group of inventions relate to a novel plasterboard and to the production methods thereof and to the production lines thereof. A board is designed such that: one face comprises two first parallel tapered edges, while the other face thereof comprises two second parallel tapered edges which are perpendicular to the first; said second parallel tapered edges having a width of between 100 and 200 mm. The implementation of board promotes increase of efficiency of process of joining the boards without exceeding consumption of the binder. Also a method is proposed for formation of inner structure from said boards.

Description

The invention relates to a method of manufacturing panels based on a hydraulic binder and to a line for the production of panels based on a binder using this device.

The invention also relates to a new gypsum panel with a special geometry.

United States Patent No. 781,558 describes an apparatus for making notched gypsum panels. For this purpose, he proposes the formation of notches on the blanks intended for cutting to obtain gypsum panels using a drum 34 having protrusions 36 (see especially Fig. 1 of this patent). Therefore, the depth of the grooves is determined by the size of the protrusions. Thus, to change the depth and/or shape of these grooves, it will be necessary to replace the drum 34 with another drum with projections of a different size and/or shape.

This invention, in particular, is intended for the production with a predetermined surface treatment of the gypsum panel; he does not mention the special transverse application of the cavity in the form of a bevel relative to the axis of the panel on the back side of the latter (namely, in this case - in the upper part).

In United States Patent No. 2,991,824, cavities 514A, 518 are made in a blank that is intended to be cut to produce gypsum panels by means of (see especially Fig. 1 and column 3, lines 29-43 of this patent) a strip 20 that rotates around of two rollers 21 and has a thickness of 25. The blank is then cut in the middle, giving panels with bevelled ends or with bevelled cross-edges.

In United States patent Me2,246,987, cavities are made in a blank intended for cutting to produce gypsum panels by means of (see especially Figures 1 and 7) a strip 20 with a plurality of protrusions 23, 38. In one embodiment, the cavities are made on both sides simultaneously.

In this case, also in order to change the dimensions and/or shape of the cavities, it would be necessary to replace the strip 20 with another strip with protrusions of a different size and/or shape.

The subject of the invention is to solve the problem of making cavities in the workpiece while providing the possibility of easy and quick replacement of the size and/or shape of these cavities.

The subject of the invention is also to solve the problem of making cavities in the workpiece using a method, as a rule, of the type described in United States patent Mo2 991 824, which makes it possible to obtain beveled ends or transverse edges with a bevel in a satisfactory manner.

The invention for this presents a new panel made of a hydraulic binder with undercut ends on its sides, which has on one side two first parallel beveled edges (10) and on the other side two other parallel transverse ends with bevels or edges with bevels (25a) that are perpendicular to the first.

The invention also presents a new panel made of a hydraulic binder with undercut ends on each of its sides, which has on one side two first parallel edges with bevels (10) and/or on the same side or on the other side - two second parallel edges with bevels (25a), which are located perpendicular to the first ones, while the specified other parallel edges with bevels (25a) have a width of 100 to 200 mm.

The invention also presents a new panel made of a hydraulic binder with undercut ends on each of its sides, having on one side two first parallel beveled edges (10) or on the same side or on the other side, two second parallel edges with bevels (25a), which are located perpendicular to the first, while the specified second parallel edges with bevels (25a) have such a width that the ratio of the width of the specified second parallel edges with bevels (25a) to the width of the specified first parallel edges with bevels ( 10) is from 1.5 to 5.

The invention also provides a method of constructing an internal structure using this panel, as well as a method and apparatus for manufacturing this panel.

The invention also provides a method and apparatus for manufacturing hydraulic binder panels with four edges with bevels on the same side.

More specifically, the invention uses, in particular, a device for creating cavities or pockets in a workpiece based on a hydraulic binder. This device therefore includes at least: - a frame, - two first pulleys resting on the first end of the frame and two second pulleys on the second end of the frame, the first pulleys and the second pulleys being in parallel planes, the pulleys being identically positioned against each other, - two drive belts cover the first pulleys and the second pulleys, respectively, and - at least one wire immovably fixed on the belts and passing between these belts in such a way that its longitudinal axis is parallel to the axis of rotation of the pulleys.

Therefore, thanks to this device, it is quite simple to disconnect the means to be removed and replace them with others having a different size and/or shape, in order to change the size and/or shape of the cavities obtained in the workpiece.

Moreover, the use of such a device allows you to set the distance between the two cavities and therefore the length of the panels can be easily varied.

The subject of the invention is also a method of manufacturing a panel based on a hydraulic binder from a workpiece intended for cutting, while this method includes a step in which a cavity is formed in the workpiece using a device according to the invention.

In particular, this process has the advantage that it enables the production of bevelled edge panels in which the transverse bevelled edges can be on the same side as the conventional beveled edges or on the opposite side.

Finally, the subject of the invention is also a line for the production of panels on the basis of hydraulic binders from blanks, including the end trimming material, covered with hydraulic binder and supported by a conveyor belt (or forming belt). This production line also has the advantage of making panels with beveled edges.

Other features and advantages of the invention will now be described in detail in the following description, which is given with reference to the figures, in which (X biv and X ieg in the drawings stand for Ha and Ho in the description, for comparison, Fig.b, 8, 10, 15...)

- Fig. 1 shows schematically and in perspective the device according to the invention, - Fig. 2 shows schematically and in a cross-section the installation of a wire on a chain link, - Fig. 3 shows schematically a pin for capturing the wire, Fig. 4 shows schematically and in a top view the element of the clamping device installed on the chain link, - Fig. 5 schematically shows the element of the clamping device according to Fig. 4 in the front view, - Fig. 6 schematically shows one step of the process of producing panels based on a hydraulic binder, - Fig. 7 shows schematically another step of the process of manufacturing panels based on a hydraulic binder, - fFig. 8 shows a panel that can be obtained using the method according to the invention, - fFig. 9 shows another panel that can be obtained using the method according to the invention, - Fig. 10 illustrates the optimal intermediate step of the method of manufacturing panels based on a hydraulic binder, - Fig. 11 shows schematically and in perspective a part of the line of the production of panels based on a hydraulic binder, - Fig. 12 shows a schematic and top view of a device for inserting slats under a workpiece based on a hydraulic binder, - Fig. 13 shows a schematic and a side view of the device according to Fig. 12, - Fig. 14 shows schematically and in side view an alternative embodiment of the device according to Fig. 12, - Fig. 15 shows schematically and in cross-section a detail of the device according to Fig. 12, illustrating the insertion of a bar under the workpiece on the basis of a hydraulic binder , - Fig. 16 shows schematically a part of the line for the production of panels based on a hydraulic binder according to the invention, - Fig. 17 shows schematically an auxiliary forming device, - Fig. 18 shows schematically an alternative embodiment of the auxiliary forming device, - Fig. 19 shows schematically a panel made of hydraulic binder according to the invention, - Fig. 20 schematically shows a panel according to Figure 19 with by changing the position of the undercuts, - Fig. 21 schematically shows a panel made of hydraulic binder according to the invention in accordance with the second embodiment, - Fig. 22 schematically shows a cross-section of an edge with bevels according to the invention, - Fig. 23A and 23B show a scheme of "reversal" 24A, 24B and 24C show a diagram of how panels with four beveled edges according to the prior art are installed together, and - Figures 25A, 258 and 25C show a diagram of how panels with four beveled edges according to the invention are installed together.

The device according to the invention is shown schematically in Fig. 1.

It includes an H-shaped frame 101, but can easily be given many other shapes by one skilled in the art.

The first end 104, two first pulleys 102, 103 and second end 107, two second pulleys 105 and 106 are installed on this frame 101.

The first pulleys 102, 103 lie in the first plane, the second pulleys 105, 106 in the second plane and the first plane is parallel to the second plane.

Pulley 102 and pulley 105 are located opposite each other and have the same size.

Pulley 103 and pulley 106 are also opposite each other and have the same size.

Pulleys 102, 103, 105 and 106 can rotate around themselves. The first drive belt 108 covers the first pulleys 102, 103 and the second drive belt 109 covers the second pulleys 105, 106. The transmission belts 108 and 109 are identical. They are connected to each other by at least one wire 111.

This wire 111 is movably attached to the first and second belts 108, 109 so that its longitudinal axis runs parallel to the axis of rotation of the pulleys.

Thus, when one of the pulleys, such as pulley 102, rotates, it drives the drive belt 108, which in turn drives another pulley located in the same plane as it (pulley 103) and the form extension means 110. The latter therefore moves along the path defined on the one hand by the loop consisting of the belt 108 and on the other hand, since it is connected to the second belt 109 - also by the loop consisting of it.

Therefore, the symmetry of the device according to the invention allows the movement of the axis of the wire 111 along an elliptical trajectory, while its axis remains constantly parallel to the axis of the pulley.

It is possible to provide for the installation of two pulleys located opposite each other on the same shaft.

The device may also include means for imparting rotational motion to at least one of the pulleys. This means can possibly drive two pulleys by means of the shaft on which it is mounted.

Wire 111 is generally cylindrical in shape, but it can take many forms, including parallelepiped, prism, panel, and the like.

It can be attached, for example, by screwing to the drive belts in such a way as to allow them to be unscrewed and replaced without complications by another means of lengthening the form.

According to the best embodiment of the invention, several wires 111 are installed parallel to each other along the drive belts 108 and 109 (see Fig. 1) and fixed in a way that allows their disconnection.

Preferably there should be distances between them.

Pulleys are mostly sprockets, and drive belts can interact with these sprockets.

The wires can then be attached in the manner illustrated in Fig.2.

This Figure 2 shows a wire 111 held on a chain link 112 by means of a clamping device element 113 and a wire capture pin 114.

The last one on the chain link 112 replaces one of the pins of the roller bearing that is usually used.

Wire capture pin 114 is shown in detail in Fig.3. It includes in sequence: - the end with a cut groove 115, - as a rule, a cylindrical and smooth element 116, which can be inserted into the roller of the chain link 112 to replace the roller bearing pin, which is usually used, - a smooth element, also, as a rule, cylindrical and smooth 117 , the diameter of which, as a rule, is greater than the diameter of the element 116, and which can be inserted into the hole 118 in the element of the clamping device 113 (see Fig. 4 and 5), - the head 119, and - the central bored hole 120, machined from of the head 119, which is able to reach the element 116 and is intended as a casing for the wire 111.

The element of the clamping device 113 is shown in Fig. 2, 4 and 5.

It includes a hole 118 that can interact with a corresponding element 117 of the wire capture pin 114 and a bored hole 121 that opens into the hole 118. This bored hole 121 has a thread that allows a pressure screw 122 to be screwed into it for the purpose of compressing the wire 111 located inside the opening 118, implying its firm retention (see Fig. 2).

Thus, for fixing the wire 111 on the chain link 112 (see Fig. 2), the construction according to Fig. 2 is achieved. To achieve this, all that is required is to insert the wire capture pin element 114 into the clamping device element 113, remove the common roller bearing pin of the link 112, insert the wire capture pin element 114 along the axis of the roller and add rigidity to the whole assembly by screwing the screw 123 into the end 115 of the wire capture pin 114, insert the wire 111 into the central bored hole 120 of the wire capture pin 114 and to firmly hold it there, screw the pressure screw 122 into the bored hole 121 until the wire 111 is effectively compressed.

Naturally, the wire capture pin 114 is installed in such a way that its head 119 is on the inner side of the chain, that is, on the side facing the other chain.

Preferably, the element of the clamping device 113 includes two pairs (hole 118, bored hole 121), while the distance between the axes of the holes 118 corresponds to the usual distance between the axes of the rollers of the chain link 112, thus, two wires 111 can be held on the same link 112, as can be seen from Fig. 4 and 5.

Due to the presence of several elements of the clamping device 113 on adjacent links, several wires 111 can be aligned in parallel so that they form a means of extending the form.

Another known device can be used to produce the cavities, such as that which is the subject of United States patent Me2,991,824.

The device according to the invention can be used in the method of production of panels based on a hydraulic binder for the formation of cavities in a workpiece intended for cutting in order to obtain panels based on a hydraulic binder.

The workpiece is then preferably cut in the cavity or opposite the place where the cavity was formed (ie on the other side of the workpiece).

The device according to the invention can be used in the method of manufacturing gypsum panels with beveled edges.

This method is illustrated in Fig. 6-10. It includes the following steps: 1) The composition of the hydraulic binder (2) is poured onto the facing material (1) located on the conveyor belt (7) so as to obtain a blank (5), then a bar (6) is inserted under the blank (5), 23), the length of which is at least approximately equal to the width of the workpiece (5), 2) The composition of the hydraulic binder (2) remains for hardening, and the specified bars (b, 23) are removed,

C) The workpiece (5) is cut near the bevel (8) created by the bar (6, 23).

This method of producing panels based on a hydraulic binder with beveled edges will now be described in detail with reference to Fig. 6-15. The use of the device according to the invention will be described in this method.

First of all, it should be emphasized that "transverse edges" in this description are intended to denote edges perpendicular to the direction of movement of the conveyor belt in the production line for the production of panels based on hydraulic binder. Such transverse edges are also known as "panel ends".

Figb shows the production line of panels produced by pouring the composition of the hydraulic binder 2 onto the facing material 1, while the specified panels are usually covered with the second material 3. The passage of the structure under the rolling plate 4 gives the blank 5.

The composition of the hydraulic binder mainly includes gypsum plaster solution.

The outer surface materials 1 and C may consist of sheets of paper or cardboard, or may consist of solid foundation plates of glass or any other material known to a person skilled in the art to be suitable for use as an outer surface material.

After the blank appears 3-under the rolling plate 4 or from under an equivalent device used in the production line (for example, a rolling roll, also known as a working paper roll), a bar b is inserted between the blank 5 and the beginning of the conveyor belt 7 .The distance between the rolling plate 4 and the start of the conveyor belt 7 is such that the blank 5 still has time to harden significantly but still remain very ductile. The introduction process is carried out in such a way that the longitudinal axis of the bar 6 is generally perpendicular to the direction of movement of the conveyor belt 7.

The slat 6 is then driven by the conveyor belt 7, as is the blank 5. The gypsum plaster composition 2 is then hydraulically hardened and set as the blank 5 is moved, shown by arrows A.

It is preferable that the bar 6 is removed before cutting the workpiece 5.

Thus, after a certain time, which corresponds to the distance traveled by the workpiece 5 on the conveyor belt 7, which a specialist in the field of technology knows to be determined as a function of the speed of movement of the conveyor belt 7 and the time required for the gypsum composition to solidify plaster solution 2, which fills the space or bevels 8 (Fig. 7), which remained as a result of removing the bar 6.

The bar can be cleaned in any suitable way. For example, when the length of the bar 6 exceeds the width of the workpiece 5, the bar b extends beyond the workpiece 5 and it can be quickly removed in a direction generally perpendicular to the direction of movement of the conveyor belt 7 and to the side of the latter.

This cleaning process is illustrated by arrow B in Fig.b.

The b-bar can also be removed by dropping the b-bar into the space between two non-adjustable rollers of a conveyor belt system, which as a general rule does not run continuously along the entire length of the production line, but consists of several belts driven by rollers with gaps between them.

After the bar 6 is removed, the workpiece 5 continues to move, remaining still driven by the conveyor belt 7, and the composition of the gypsum plaster solution 2 continues to solidify.

As can be seen in Fig. 7, when the sliding bar reaches the level of the cutting device, which, as a rule, consists of a roller supplied with a knife 9, it is activated and cuts the workpiece 5. As a result, the plate Za is obtained, which can be seen in Fig. 8 , the length of which is determined by the path traveled by the conveyor belt between two cutting operations, in other words, according to the invention, by the path traveled by the conveyor belt between two subsequent bevels of 8 bars. This plate therefore has two transverse edges with bevels 10.

Preferably, the cutting device is set so that the knife 9 cuts the workpiece 5 approximately inside the bevel 8.

The size of each bevel 8 depends on the size of the bar b. The latter, as a rule, is a parallelepiped, as a rule, with a thickness from 0.5 to 4 mm and preferably from 1.5 to 4 mm. Its width is usually between 5 and 200 cm and its length is at least approximately equal to the width of the workpiece 5 (possibly reduced by the width of the longitudinal strips (ribbons) that may be present), but as a general rule more, so that they can be grabbed for removal from - under the blanks 5. Next, it is desirable that the bar 6 would be longer than the width of the blank 5 so that it goes beyond the latter, which can facilitate its absorption.

The material from which the slats are made is not of great importance, provided that it allows these narrow slats to withstand the weight of the thickness of the workpiece 5, which is located on top of each slat 6. Therefore, they can be made of plastics, wood, metal, etc., having good wear resistance and stability for a long time.

It is preferable that the method just described complements the known method of manufacturing gypsum panels with two beveled longitudinal edges. The latter method generally involves the installation of a strip, generally made of plastic, and generally known as a tape, along each longitudinal side of the conveyor belt 7. Such a method is described, for example, in European Patent Application Mo482 810.

Therefore, it makes it possible to obtain panels based on hydraulic binder 11, as illustrated in Fig.9, which, in addition to their two beveled transverse edges 10, have two beveled longitudinal edges 25, namely four beveled edges in total.

It is clear that if the frequency of cutting operations is twice as high as that with which slats 6 are introduced, plates with three beveled edges (two longitudinal and one transverse) are produced.

The length of the manufactured gypsum panels depends, of course, on the speed of the conveyor belt and on the frequency of cutting operations.

The frequency of cutting operations, as a rule, is directly related to the frequency of inserting strips, because, as a rule, it is desirable to obtain panels with two transverse beveled edges.

This process is very flexible, as to change the length of the panels produced, it is enough to simply change the frequency with which the battens are introduced.

The process just described uses a device according to the invention to form a cavity in the workpiece for cutting in order to obtain panels based on a hydraulic binder.

Thus, according to the invention and as it turns out from Fig. 10, before the introduction of the bar b, the cavity 12 is formed with the help of the device according to the invention in the blank 5 opposite the place where the introduction of the bar 6 or the cavity 12a in the place where the introduction is expected of this bar b.

In this way, it is possible to compensate for the allowance for the specified city, which can be formed in the workpiece 5 due to the shift of the material when the bar 6 is large.

The leveler 4a of the usual type (which is visible in Fig. b) can also be located behind the place where the bar 6 is inserted.

The first incarnation

According to the first embodiment, the cavity is not used when inserting the bar. In this case, the cavity forming device is used only in the production line. The cavity formed in the workpiece, as a result, leads, after the hardening of the hydraulic binder, to the appearance of a shape that has the usual longitudinal beveled edges and a depression corresponding to the cavity. Depending on whether we are talking about the cavity 12 or 12a, this recess is located on the opposite end to the one that has the usual longitudinal beveled edges, or on the same end. According to the first embodiment, this will preferably be the cavity 12, and therefore - on the opposite end relative to that which has the usual longitudinal chamfered edges.

The advantages will be described below in connection with the method of construction of the internal structure according to the invention.

Production line of panels based on hydraulic binder

The device according to the invention can be used in a line for the production of panels based on a hydraulic binder from the workpiece 5, including the facing material 1, which is covered with the composition of the hydraulic binder 2 and is located on the conveyor belt 7.

In order for the device according to the invention to be used optimally on the line for the production of panels based on a hydraulic binder, the distance between the conveyor belts must be at least equal to the width of the workpiece 5. Thus, these belts and pulleys are located on each longitudinal side of the workpiece.

Next, the device according to the invention is positioned accordingly so that when its drive belts are rotated, its extension means forms a cavity in the workpiece 5.

The device according to the invention can also be located above the blank 5, in which case it will form a cavity 12, or below the blank 5, in which case it will form a cavity 12a.

For practical reasons, it is better for the device according to the invention to stay over the workpiece 5.

Of course, it would be possible to provide two (or more) devices according to the invention, one above the blank and the other below it, in order to form, respectively, the cavity 12 in the upper part of the blank 5 and the cavity 12a in the lower part of the blank 5 (see Fig. 12), while the lower part of the workpiece 5 would be the side of the workpiece 5 that is on the conveyor belt 7.

The cutting device can be installed to cut the workpiece in the cavity 12.

If the situation is such that the cavity 12a is formed in the lower part of the workpiece, then the cutting device can be installed to cut the workpiece opposite the place where this cavity 12a was formed.

Preferably, the line for the production of panels based on a hydraulic binder is a line for the production of panels with beveled edges. Such a line will now be described in detail with reference to

Fig. 6-15. How the device according to the invention is used in this line will be described later.

Fig. 11 shows a part of the line for the production of panels based on a hydraulic binder.

Therefore, it can be seen that there is a stacker of slats 20, formed from a horizontal rectangular surface 22, from the corners of which rise in the vertical direction and parallel to each other, four corner elements in the form of a bracket, located against each other so that they adjoin the stack of slats.

The size of this slat stacker 20 is such that it can accumulate a large number of slats 23 (see also fig. 12 and 13).

The horizontal surface 21 of the slat stacker 20 is on the legs 24.

Near the first slat 23, in other words the one at the bottom of the stack, two ejectors 26 are installed in parallel, which are oriented in such a way as to remove the first slat 23 from the stack, pushing it and causing it to slide towards the inclined plane 27 consisting of downwardly inclined surface 28, the edge 29 of which directs it in the direction of the second inclined plane 32 in continuation of the first inclined plane 27 on the transverse side opposite the side 30. This second inclined plane 32 also consists of an inclined surface 33, provided with a stop 34 in its lower part. Further, it includes a stop 35 at its end, opposite to the ejector 31, while this stop usually consists of a pneumatic damper and serves to end the movement of the bar advanced by the ejector 31.

The edge 34 is provided with holes 36, opposite which are two ejectors 37, oriented in such a way as to push the narrow bar located on the second inclined plane 32 towards the upper part of the inclined surface 33.

The first inclined plane 27 and the second inclined plane 32 are located on legs 38 and 39, respectively.

According to an alternative form which can be seen in Fig. 14, a flat surface 40 is installed parallel to the surface 23 between this surface and the first inclined plane 27 to support in a horizontal direction the strip being removed from the stacker of strips 20 before it descends along the inclined surface 28 of the first inclined plane 27.

Thus, as can be seen from Fig. 15, the height of the legs 24, 35 and 36 is selected so that the narrow bar located on the second inclined plane 32 lies at a lower height than the workpiece 5.

As a rule - the longitudinal axis of the edge 34 of the second inclined plane 32 is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor belt, - the means 32, 33, 34, 35 for supporting the shifted bar are located facing the beginning of the conveyor belt 7, and - the inclined surface 33 of the second inclined plane 32 is located next to with a conveyor belt 7.

The length of the second inclined plane 32 is at least equal to the length of the bar 23, in other words, at least equal to, and preferably greater than, the width of the workpiece 5.

Thus, as can be understood with reference to Fig. 11, when the ejectors 37 come into action, the slats on the second inclined plane 32 are pushed upwards in the direction of the upper part of the inclined surface 33, in other words in the direction of the conveyor belt 7 and the workpiece 5 is fixed by a wedge between them and is set in motion by them.

The difference between the length of the bar and the width of the workpiece 5 allows the bar to be captured and cleaned after the composition of the gypsum plaster solution has hardened.

The production line according to the invention, as a rule, includes electronic means that control its operation and, if necessary, allow the implementation of various interdependent operations.

Such electronic means may provide that after the bar has been inserted under the workpiece by actuation of the ejectors 27, the ejector 31 is actuated to introduce another bar onto the second inclined plane 32, after which the ejectors 26 are actuated to to insert the second bar on the first inclined plane 27 and so on. The electronic means can vary the frequency of these operations to reduce or increase the length of gypsum panels produced with beveled edges. Fig. 16 shows a part of the production line according to the best embodiment of the invention.

This Fig. shows that the production line includes the first embodiment of the device according to the invention.

This device, which can be seen from the side in Fig. 1b, includes four first sprockets 201, 202, 203, 204 located on a frame 205 with a chain 206 covering them, which consists of links, some of which are links 207, each supporting two wires as shown in Fig.2.

This device is symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane aligned with the direction of movement of the workpiece 5. Thus, the wires held by the links 207 are transversely issued relative to the workpiece 5 to the second chain, identical to the chain 206, and which covers the second sprockets, identical to the first sprockets 201, 202, 203 , 204.

The device is supplied with an electric motor 209, which drives the rotation through the belt 211 of the shaft 210, on which the sprocket 203 and its symmetrical sprocket are mounted. The rotation of these sprockets causes the chain 206 to rotate in the direction shown by arrow 0.

The workpiece 5 is obtained in a known manner by introducing a slurry of hydraulic binder in the direction of arrow E between the first facing material 1 and the second facing material C and passing this mass between the upper 214 and the lower 215 rolling plates of the device.

The distance between the sprockets 201, 202, 203, 204 and their symmetrical sprockets is at least equal to the distance from the workpiece 5, so that these sprockets do not touch this workpiece 5.

The device according to the invention is fixed at a suitable height so that during the operation of the production line, while the movement of the chain 206 drives the wires connected to the links 207, these wires pass through the rolling devices, in other words between the plates 214 and 215 and project downwards relative to the upper plate 214. The space occupied by these wires between the upper plate 214 and the second facing material 3 leads at this moment to beveling the thickness of the workpiece 5.

It is clear that the action of the motor is adjusted so that the chain 206 moves at the same speed as the workpiece 5 when the wires pass between the plates 214 and 215. The wires therefore follow the workpiece 5 for a distance of several centimeters and when they separate from it to return, rotating around the sprocket 204, they leave a cavity in the upper part of the workpiece 3.

Given that it is easy to vary the speed of the circuit 206 by affecting the motor, the distances between the two cavities and, therefore, the length of the plates, can be easily changed.

The frame 295 of the device according to the invention can, as seen in Fig. 1b6, be attached to the plates 214 and 215. It follows that the device according to the invention can be used instead of a rolling plate or a working paper roll, which is usually used.

The second incarnation

This embodiment corresponds to the case where the strip is no longer inserted into the first forming belt, but between the first and second forming belts (or possibly between the second and third forming belts). It is worth reminding here that the conveyor belt 7 is usually divided into several elements called forming belts. The first forming tape is the one ahead. A typical conveyor belt includes, as a rule, two or three, or even four forming belts. These forming belts, as shown above, include belts for forming longitudinal beveled edges.

The other elements remain the same (cavities 12 or 12a as the case may be), except that the slats are introduced at the point on the line where hydration of the hydraulic binder has begun (see below in the section relating to the third embodiment). Other non-adjustable elements are shifted accordingly (for example, the aligner 4a is shifted towards or behind the first roller to drive the second forming belt; in this case, the aligner takes the form of a roller with a peripheral speed approximately identical to that of the conveyor belt 7). When introducing the bar (6, 23) in this place, it is desirable to have an ideal consistency of the workpiece at the time of this second forming operation.

It is also desirable to use the synchronization tools described below in the section devoted to the third embodiment.

The third incarnation

This embodiment is shown in Fig.17. In this Figure, the cavity 12 is formed in particular by means of the device according to the invention, "pushed up" by the device 300 located under the workpiece. This system is actually the reverse of that which is the subject of United States patent Me2,991,824. Moreover, when compared to this patent, the system that serves to push down the cavity is located downstream of the forming device. In its most advantageous position, this inverting device is located between tapes 1 and 2 (however, it is also possible to place it between tapes 2 and 3 when appropriate). This device is located at the point in the line where hydration of the hydraulic binder has begun. Preferably, this location is located at a point corresponding to 5905-3092 hydration and/or at a location located between 40 and 110 m along the length of the conveyor belt 7 (for example, for a line with a speed of about 7 Ω/min).

Device 300 is located between tapes one and two, which are referred to as 301 and 302, respectively. These belts are driven by rollers 303 and 304, respectively. The device Z00 includes on one side the auxiliary forming device Z0ba. It has on the frame (not shown) a belt 305, which rotates at a linear speed equal to the speed of the belts Z01 and 302. Thus, any slippage when trimming the end is prevented. One or more forming bars 306 are attached to this belt 305. As it follows from the description, only one narrow bar is referenced, but depending on the size of the devices, the desired panels, etc. it is possible to use several bars. This belt is mounted on rollers 307 and 308, preferably at least one of them is driven. A flat plate 309, for example made of marble, is contained between the workpiece and the belt 305 so that they are in contact over a flat surface.

Opposite this element is the supporting device Z00s. It includes on the frame (not shown) a belt 310 rotating at a linear speed equal to the speed of the belts 301 and 302, while the belt 310 is mounted on rollers 311 and 312, at least one of which is driven. The flat plate 313, for example, made of marble, is located so that it is in the direction between the workpiece and the belt C10 and is installed in the same way as the plate 309 and the belt 305 are installed.

During operation, the forming bar 306 is opposite the upper cavity 12 in the workpiece. After doing this, when the bar 306 passes at the same time as the workpiece between the two plates 309 and 313, the cavity is "grooved" on the other side of the workpiece. This achieves a recess corresponding to the beveled edge (on the same side of the plate as the longitudinal beveled edges).

Thus, the workpiece passes between two belts 305 and 310, which are preferably driven at the speed of the workpiece. Therefore, the workpiece is in contact only with the moving elements, so that the relative torque of the workpiece/belt is zero. Therefore, there is no friction.

The dimensions of the device (along its length) are of the order of several meters (as a rule, there is a contact of more than 5-10 m)

are usually sufficient to ensure that the auxiliary forming operation is performed.

Means (not shown) for setting the pressure exerted by this "supporting device" may be provided. They can be, in particular, frames or counterweights that can exert adjustable pressure on the structure.

Synchronization means (not shown) are preferably made so that the auxiliary forming bar 306 is located mainly opposite the cavity 12. It is possible to use a cutting system consisting of a wheel located on top of the workpiece and which is driven into rotation by the movement of the latter. Sharpies are applied to the wheel and it is connected to a meter that drives the desired devices. It is also possible to use a system that includes the step of marking the outer surface of the workpiece (for example, the edges), and detecting this marking and subsequently driving the devices. Among these devices, which are set in motion by detecting the marking, it is possible to specify devices for the formation of cavities 12 or 12a, devices for introducing the bar (6, 23) or for driving the rotation of the belt 305, which moves the bar 306, to cut the workpiece after the forming step etc.

Another embodiment is shown in Fig. 18 (the same references as in Fig. 17 are not used). In this embodiment, the device 300 further includes a calibration device 300s. The bar 306 is removed when the belt 305 rotates around the roller 308; the workpiece then enters the Z00s calibration device. It has on the frame (not shown) a belt 314 rotating at a linear speed equal to the speed of the belts 301 and 302, while the belt 314 is mounted on rollers 315 and 316, at least one of which is preferably driven.

A flat plate 317, for example made of marble, is placed between the workpiece and the belt 314 as is done with the plate 309 and the belt 305.

An equalizer of the same type as described in the second embodiment may optionally be used.

The fourth incarnation

This embodiment corresponds to the case in which the device of Fig. 17 and Fig. 18 is used in the reverse order, that is, the forming bar 306 is not included for chiseling the relief of the cavities and forming the transverse beveled edges on the same side as the longitudinal beveled edges, but on the opposite that, in order to "consolidate" cavities and shaped recesses. According to this embodiment, it is possible to obtain, as shown above, the ideal consistency of the workpiece at the moment of the second forming operation at the stage when the hydraulic binder has begun to hydrate. As in the case of the third embodiment, a plate with four beveled edges is obtained, with longitudinal and transverse edges on both sides of the plate. The advantages of this will be described below in connection with the method of formation of the internal structure according to the invention.

The fifth and sixth incarnations

These embodiments correspond to the cases in which the cavity 12 is replaced in the second and third embodiments indicated above by the cavity 12a. Therefore, the opposite effects are obtained.

In the embodiment shown above, the length of the bar 306 is approximately equal to the width of the workpiece. Moreover, the bar used in the invention, and especially the bar 306, can be parallelepiped in section, but also have the shape of a triangle, as a rule, an isosceles triangle, the base of which is located parallel to the belt 7.

It will also be possible to have the third and sixth incarnations changed. We remind you that the third and sixth embodiments have as a common feature the fact that the cavity 12, alternatively the cavity 12a, is "pushed" by a device located under the workpiece, or alternatively - above the workpiece. In the third and sixth embodiments, the cavity is "pushed in" completely, that is, the facing paper is generally flat after the cavity has been "pushed in". An action consisting of only partial indentation of the cavity may be provided, i.e., the recess remains on each side of the plate, one being more distinct than the other. For example, it is possible to adjust the device 300 in such a way that the ratio of depths of immersion on each of the sides is from 1 to 1 Ohm, preferably between 2 and 5 mm. For example, for a standard ВА1З3 plate with a thickness of 12.5 mm, the depth of the recess on the "push-in" side can be 4 mm, while the recess on the primary side can be 1.5 mm.

The method of formation of the internal structure; plate used in this method

According to another aspect, the subject of the invention is a method of forming an internal structure using plates with four beveled edges, of which two of the beveled edges are on one side, while the other two are on the other side of the panel. Such panels can be obtained according to the first embodiment (with cavity 12), according to the fourth embodiment and according to the fifth embodiment, as well as according to the modified third and sixth embodiments. Such a panel is schematically shown in Fig. 19. On this Fi". you can see that the bevels are opposite each other on each side of the slab (the bevels are on the side with the cream end (10), while the end bevels are on the other side, the "grey" side (25a)). The dimensions of the bevels 25a, as a rule, are of the same order of magnitude as the bevels 25 (they correspond to the dimensions of the bar in the case of the fourth and fifth embodiments or the extension means 110, including the wires 111 in the case of, for example, the first embodiment). The bevel 25a can therefore have a depth of 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably between 1.5 and 4 mm. The width of the bevel can be between 2 and 15 cm, preferably between 5 and 10 cm. Longitudinal bevels have standard state-of-the-art dimensions, such as those commonly provided by tapes.

The method of building an internal structure (a partition, which can be vertical, inclined or horizontal, or a suspended ceiling) according to the invention includes the following steps (and which will be described in more detail below): a) slabs according to the invention (for example, which are shown in Fig. 19) are placed on the support, while the plates are connected to each other along the beveled edges; b) plates are attached to the support along the beveled edges; c) plates are connected together with at least one joint solution; and, as an option; d) joints are treated with additional processing plaster.

During step b), the transverse chamfered edges on the side of the slab not visible to the installer "turn up" due to the effect of the attachment of screws, nails, etc., while this part of the slab is fastened to the support.

Having done this, they then open the bevel on the same side of the slab as the longitudinal bevels (or edge bevels). Thus, beveled edges appear at each joint between the plates.

According to one embodiment, the transverse chamfered edges (25a), namely those on the gray end face, are identified by a special marking on the cream end wall so that the user (plasterer installing the partition) knows that there are chamfered edges on the gray end face side When selecting pairs of plates, the user will therefore know that there are such bevels and therefore he will be able to handle the joints accordingly.

The marking of these bevels may be in any suitable form, such as a repeating pattern.

The presence of this marking gives an advantage when two plates according to the invention are joined together along the transverse bevels; this is because when a transverse chamfer joins, for example, a wall, the marking on the cream face showing the presence of this chamfer on the gray face does not have any significant effect on the installed operation or how to deal with the joints.

This marking is particularly indicated in Fig. 20 by symbols 2ba, 2660, 26c and 264 near the beveled edges (25a). This marking is present on the cream side and indicates a transverse beveled edge, which must be matched with a transverse edge of the same type in the second plate according to the invention.

This marking, moreover, makes it possible to identify the width of the transverse chamfer (25a) and to adjust the appropriate treatment of the joint by the appropriate use of a spatula of a suitable size. For example, a plasterer can simply apply plaster, especially its top layer, only in the marking places and be guided by them.

Further marking may include repeated markings. If the space formed by the chamfered edges (25a) is obtained as a result of "Inversion" during step B) it is preferable to use a sufficient number of screws to ensure that this inversion operation can be carried out easily. For example, it is possible to use three, preferably five screws, as is usually done, but it is better to use six to ten, and for greater effect - seven repeated markings. The number of markings will therefore correspond to the number of screws used.

Marked boards are produced as shown above, except that the paper for the outer surface is printed before the plaster is applied. It can be printed on site or a roll of pre-printed paper can be used. The production line in this case must include a suitable printing medium.

The subject of the invention is also a new panel based on a hydraulic binder with four beveled edges and a method of building internal structures using such panels.

These panels do not have the assembly flaws commonly associated with conventional four-beveled panels, as noted below.

Gypsum panels are known, and usually such panels include two longitudinal chamfered edges. When the panels are joined along the transverse edges, there is a need for additional thickness along the joint. The first technique is to move the frame guide by about 2mm to create the equivalent of a bevel. However, this technique is difficult to implement because of the misalignments that inevitably occur.

Another technique that has been proposed is the use of panels with four beveled edges. Their preparation is described in many documents. Common to these panels is the presence of four, longitudinal and transverse, chamfered edges so that joints using joint cement can be made on four sides. Currently, all panels have approximately the same beveled edges in terms of dimensions, with the width and depth of the bevels being approximately the same for the four edges. Although the use of four beveled edges has certain advantages, it also has disadvantages. This is because the beveled edge has a width typically between 40 and 30mm, typically 10mm; these values are dictated by current standards and existing practice. However, the tool used to apply the tape bond cement (when used) and the joint cement is typically wider than 120mm, thereby creating the necessary joint crossing allowance when applying cement to the transverse joints, thus reducing the attractiveness of the panels with four beveled edges, which are already burdened by their high cost.

О5-Р-4 397 123 presents a panel corresponding to two embodiments. According to the first embodiment, the ends of the panel include a resorbable portion which, when resorbed, produces a groove-shaped edge. This groove, after receiving it, is inverted in order to create a space for filling with plaster. This solution is technically very complex and is not described in any industrial production process. In accordance with the second embodiment, the presented panel has a bevel along the gray side of the panel, while the width of this bevel is 12 inches, i.e. more than 30 cm. Again, no description of the process for obtaining this second embodiment is given.

Fig. 19 shows a panel according to the first embodiment. The panel usually includes a hydraulic binder, usually gypsum plaster, between the two ends. The end material may consist of sheets of paper or cardboard, a solid base plate of glass, or a solid base plate of any material known to those skilled in the art as material for use as an end material.

The panel has two first parallel beveled edges (10) on one side and two second parallel beveled edges (25a) on the other side, which are perpendicular to the first. The bevels are installed opposite each other on each side of the panel (the edge bevels are on the cream side of the ends (10), while the end bevels are on the other side, i.e. the "grey" side (25a). The depth of the bevel is usually from 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably between 0.5 and Zmm, even more preferably between 0.6 and 2.5 mm, or even between 0.6 and 1.8 mm and most successfully between 0.8 and 1.8 mm or between 0 .5 and 1.5 mm. The width of the second bevels (25a) is specific here in the embodiment of the invention and, as a rule, is from 100 to 200 mm, preferably between 120 and 180 mm or from 150 to 200 mm or between 100 and 150 mm.

The first longitudinal bevels have a depth of approximately the same value, while their width is much smaller, for example between 40 and 30 mm. In particular, the ratio of the width of the second transverse bevels to the first longitudinal bevels,

usually between 1.5 and 5, preferably between 2 and 4.

In one embodiment, the relationship can also be inverted, with the longitudinal edges having a width greater than the width of the transverse edges. In yet another embodiment, the four edges are wider.

Fig. 21 shows a panel in accordance with the second embodiment in a top view. In this case, the panel has four beveled edges on the same side of the panel. Dimensions given with footnotes to the embodiment shown in

Fig. 1 and other embodiments, also presented in connection with this Fig. 19 applicable mutatis mutandis.

Fig. 22 shows a sectional view of a concrete beveled edge according to the invention. In this embodiment, the bevel is present on both sides of the panel. In this case, the panel, moreover, includes two third beveled edges (255) which are parallel to the second beveled edges (25a) on the other side of the panel. The dimensions are also given here, namely: X - panel thickness, usually between 6 and 25 mm; Y - bevel width, between 100 and 200 mm, preferably between 120 and 180 mm or between 150 and 200 mm as above; 2" (eg depth of second bevels 25a) and 2" (eg depth of third bevel 250), such as 2-72" between 0.5 and Zmm, more preferably between 0.6 and 2.5mm, and even between 0.6 and 1.in8mm, successfully between 8 and 1.8mm or 0.5 and 1.5mm. Ratio of sizes 2 and 27" or 27/27" for example between 1 and 10, preferably between 2 and 5.

The presence of these bevels along each side offers additional advantages. When the chamfered edges (25a) are along sides opposite to the chamfered edges (10) during the assembly operation, they are "Inverted" as shown above. Therefore, a bend with a relatively large radius of curvature occurs. The presence of beveled edges (256) allows you to preferably definitively delimit the space formed by the inversion of the beveled edges (25a). The result is a real space of the type that is formed by ordinary bevels (namely, those that have the exemplary shape of an isosceles triangle). This allows optimal processing of the joint without excessive consumption of cement and with a perfect plane.

Panels with four beveled edges can be prepared using different processes. In the case of a panel with four chamfered edges on the same side, these processes are known. For example, it is possible to use the processes described, for example, in О5-Р-2 991 or in 824 Ш5-Р-2 2 246 987 or in applications submitted on behalf of the applicant, for example, PCT/ЕНОЗ/01373, PCT/ЕНОЗ/02281 , PCT/ENOZ/00118, PCT/ENOZ/12880,

PCT/EV/00606. In the case of a panel with second (transverse) chamfered edges on the side opposite to that on which the first (longitudinal) chamfered edges are located, it is possible to use: - the process described above with reference to the previous Fig., - a variant of the process according to the O5-P patent -4 781 558, in which the drum is modified so that it carries at least one rib of projection along the axis of the drum, - a process using a forming belt according to patent O5-P-2991824 in connection with upper rollers forming longitudinal bevels according to to patent O5-R-1-676 318 or patent 05B-R-2 246 987, - a method in which the panel is pressed, for example, in a wet state in a suitable formwork, and - a process in which a transverse beveled edge is obtained by cutting along the thickness of the workpiece of a given length and filling the crack.

The method of building an internal structure (a partition, which can be vertical, inclined or horizontal, or a suspended ceiling) according to the invention includes the following steps:

A) panels according to the invention (for example, as shown in Fig. 19 or 21) are installed on the support, while the panels are connected along the beveled edges,

B) the panels on the support are fixed along the beveled edges,

C) the panels are joined together by at least one joint cement,

D) joints are treated with additional processing plaster.

It should be noted in advance that this method may or may not use tape binding cement.

You can use tape, such as paper tape, or tape made from fiberglass cloth, which may or may not be self-adhesive. Tape bonding cement, when used, may be identical to or different from joint cement. Similarly, this joint cement may be identical or different from the additional finishing plaster when such additional finishing plaster is used.

In the case of a panel with cross-beveled edges on the opposite side to that with longitudinal beveled edges, during step B) the cross-beveled edges that are on the side of the panel not visible to the installer are "turned up" by the effect of the screws, nails, etc., since this section of the panel is attached to the support. Once this is done, they then open the bevel on the same side of the panel as the longitudinal bevels (or edge bevels). Thus, beveled edges are obtained at each crossing of the panels. This is illustrated in Figures 23A and 23B, in which the support 430 receives transverse chamfered edges 25a, which are "raised" due to the effect of fixation by means of screws, nails, etc. (they are indicated on

Figure reference 431).

In the case of a panel with transverse bevels on the same side as the longitudinal bevels, step B) is a normal step during marking.

The invention offers one particular advantage over prior art panels with four bevelled edges. This advantage will be more evident from the following Figs.

Figures 24A, 248 and 24C show a diagram of how conventional panels with four beveled edges are joined together. Fig. 248B8 shows panels with one joint (after the tape is placed in both joints) which are treated with a layer of joint cement. The shaded area is the area on which the cement is applied. There is usually an allowance along the sides of this area with the applied cement (on the panels adjacent to the bevel). Fig. 24C shows the panels, on the second of which a layer of connecting cement is applied. The shaded area is again the cemented area.

There is usually an allowance along the sides of this area with applied cement (on the panels adjacent to the bevel). However, a large allowance also occurs at the junction crossing point indicated by reference 411 in FIG. This is because the first pass obtained during the steps shown in

Fig. 248 supplements the allowance obtained during the steps shown in Fig. 246.

Figures 25A, 258 and 25C show diagrams of how panels with four beveled edges according to the invention are connected to each other. Figure 25A shows the panels butted together with the edges raised upwards as may be the case. After the panels according to the invention are connected, they present bevels on the visible side, as explained above. Fig. 25B shows panels with one joint (after installation of the tape in both joints), on which a layer of cement is applied. The shaded area shows the cemented area.

There is usually an allowance along the sides of this area with applied cement (on the panels adjacent to the bevel).

Fig. 25C shows panels in which a layer of joint cement is applied to the second connection. The shaded area again shows the cemented area. This time, because the tool is smaller compared to the size of the bevel, the cement concentrates in the space created by the large bevels. Thus, at the intersection of the joints, there is no longer an allowance to complement the first allowance obtained during the step shown in Fig. 25B. In this way, the intersection of the joints is obtained without an allowance, and therefore the surface is completely flat as a result.

It will be advantageous to use a tool whose width is greater than twice the width of said first parallel chamfered edges (10) and less than or equal to twice the width of said other parallel chamfered edges (25a).

The invention has another advantage. During the operation of installing panels on suspended metal supports, there is often a boundary between two panels along the guide. When this guide is displaced as a result of incorrect installation, this displacement is visible in the case of conventional panels. Thanks to the panels according to the invention, since the bevels have relatively large dimensions, this shift is no longer visible.

The invention offers another advantage. If the first, second, or both beveled edges are large, you can use more plaster (for greater thickness), especially joint cement.

Thus, during any grouting, there is less risk that the tape will be visible (due to the presence of beaten mass or due to its visible spectrum through the plaster).

Labeling can be used as shown above. Marking may also be included in the case of a panel in which the beveled edge of the panel is on the same side as other bevelled edges, particularly when the depth is shallow and this makes identification of said bevelled edge difficult.

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Claims (1)

1. A panel made on the basis of a hydraulic binder with faces on each of its sides (surfaces), having on one surface (side) two first parallel beveled edges (10) and either on the same side or on the other side two second parallel beveled edges (25a) which are perpendicular to the first, while the second parallel beveled edges (25a) have a width between 100 1 200 mm. 2. The panel according to claim 1, which differs in that the width of the second parallel beveled edges (25a) has a value between 150 1 200 mm or between 100 1 150 mm. 3. The panel according to claim 1, which differs in that the first (10) 1 second (25a) parallel beveled edges have approximately the same width. 4. The panel according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the parallel beveled edges (25a) have such a width that the ratio of the width of the second parallel bevelled edges (25a) to the width of the first parallel bevelled edges (10) has a ratio between 1.5 1 5, mostly between 2 14. 5. A panel according to claim 1, characterized in that it further includes two third chamfered edges (255) that are parallel to the second chamfered edges (25a) on the other side of the panel relative to the side having the second chamfered edges (254). 6. The panel according to claim 1, which differs in that the ratio of the depth of the second beveled edges (25a) to the depth of the third beveled edges is from 1 to 10, preferably from 2 to 5. 7. The panel according to item I, which differs in that the second parallel beveled edges (25a) are on the same side as the first parallel bevelled edges (10). 8. The panel according to item I, which differs in that it has a marking (2ba, 2065, 20c, 264) on the side that has two first parallel beveled edges (10), while the marking identifies the presence of two second parallel beveled edges (25a ), perpendicular to the first, the panel being intended for use in conjunction with an identical second panel, wherein the parallel beveled edge (25a) of the first panel engages with the parallel beveled edge (25a) of the second panel, the bevelled edges (25a) of said panels being are identified by the marking (2ba, 266, 26c, 264), which is on the side that has the first two parallel beveled edges (10) of the specified panels. 9. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the marking includes more than three, for example more than five, repeated characters, preferably from six to ten, with a preference for up to seven repeated characters. 10. The panel according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the hydraulic binder is gypsum. 11. The method of creating an internal structure, which differs in that it includes the following steps: a) panels according to item | installed on the support, while the panels are joined along the beveled edges; b) the panels on the support are fixed along the beveled edges, c) the panels are connected together with at least one binding cement; and optionally, 1 is optional, d) joints are treated with additional facing plaster. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the bonding cement is applied along the joints between the panels with a tool whose dimensions are twice the width of the first parallel beveled edges (10) 1 less than or equal to twice the width of the second parallel beveled edges (254) . 13. The method according to claim 11, which differs in that the panels installed on the support, when performing step a) are joined along the bevelled edges in such a way that one parallel bevelled edge (25a) of the first panel is joined with the equilateral bevelled edge (25a) of the second panels, while these chamfered edges (25a) of said panels are identified by the marking (2ba, 266, 26bs, 264) which is on the side having the first two parallel chamfered edges (10) of said panels; b) the panels on the support are fixed along the beveled edges, c) the panels are joined together with at least one binding cement, and optionally, d) the joints are treated with additional facing plaster. 14. The method according to claim 11, which is characterized by the fact that the binding cement 1/or the facing plaster layer is laid along the border defined by the marking (2ba, 265, 26c, 264) of the panel. 15. The method according to claim 11, which differs in that during step c) a tape, in particular a paper tape, or a tape made of fiberglass fabric is used. 16. The method of manufacturing a panel according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that it includes the following steps: 1) the composition of the hydraulic binder (2) is poured onto the external form-forming surface (1) located on the conveyor belt (7), which has at least two forming belts (301, 302) equipped with longitudinal belts, and this structure is covered with a second forming surface in such a way as to obtain a workpiece (5), and then a cavity (12) is made in the upper part of the workpiece to the first forming belt; 2) the composition of the hydraulic binder (2) remains for hardening; 3) the workpiece (5) is cut near the bevel (8) created by the cavity (12) in the panel made of a hydraulic binder with faces on each side, including on one side the first two parallel beveled edges and on the other side - two the second parallel beveled edges perpendicular to the first. 17. The method of manufacturing a panel according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that it includes the following steps: 1) the composition of the hydraulic binder (2) is poured onto the forming surface (1) located on the conveyor belt (7), which includes at least two forming belts (301, 302) equipped with longitudinal belts, and this structure is covered with a second forming surface in such a way as to obtain a blank (5), and then a cavity (12) is made in the upper part of the billet to the first forming belt; 2) composition (2) remains for hardening; 1 3) the workpiece (5) is cut near the bevel (8) created by the cavity (12) in the panel made of a hydraulic binder with faces on each of the sides having on one side the first two parallel beveled edges and on the other side two other parallel beveled edges perpendicular to the first ones; in which a cavity is formed in the outer surface (1) with markings (2ba, 265, 26c, 264). 18. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the hydraulic binder includes gypsum. 19. A line for the production of panels based on a hydraulic binder according to any of claims 1-10 from a workpiece (5), including a form-forming surface (1) covered with a composition of a hydraulic binder (2), located on conveyor belts (7), 1 includes at least two forming belts (301, 302) on which longitudinal belts are installed, while this line further includes a device that forms a cavity (12) in the workpiece to the first forming belt, this cavity is formed in the upper part of the workpiece. 20. The line according to claim 19, which is characterized by the fact that the device for forming a cavity (12, 12a) in a workpiece based on a hydraulic binder (5) includes at least: a frame (101); two first pulleys (102, 103) located at the first end (104) of the frame (101) 1 two second pulleys (105, 106) near the second end (107) of the frame (101); while the first pulleys (102, 103) and the second pulleys (105, 106) lie in parallel planes; at the same time, the pulleys (102, 103, 105, 106), located opposite each other, are identical; two drive belts (108, 109) surrounding the first pulleys (102, 103) and the second pulleys (105, 106); at least one wire (111), which is movably fixed on the belts (108, 109) 1 passes between these belts (108, 109) in such a way that its longitudinal axis is parallel to the axis of rotation of the pulleys (102, 103, 105, 106); while the distance between the drive belts (108, 109, 206) of this device is at least equal to the width of the workpiece (5) 1 this device is accordingly arranged in such a way that when its drive belts (108, 109, 206) are turned, its wire(s) (111) form a cavity (12. or 12a) in the workpiece (5). 21. The line according to claim 19, which is characterized in that the hydraulic binder contains gypsum. 22. The method of manufacturing a panel based on a hydraulic binder according to any of claims 1-10 from a workpiece (5) intended for cutting, which is characterized by the fact that it includes the following steps: 1) the composition of the hydraulic binder (2 ) is poured onto a molding surface (1) located on a conveyor belt (7) having at least two molding belts (301, 302) equipped with longitudinal belts, while said structure is covered by a second molding surface in such a way as to obtain a blank (5) , then cavities (12, 12a) are formed on this workpiece to the first forming tape; 2) the composition of the hydraulic binder (2) is left for partial hardening on at least one forming tape; 3) a narrow bar (6, 23) or (306) is inserted under the partially hardened workpiece opposite the place or in the place where the cavity (12, 12a) is formed; 1 4) the workpiece (5) is cut near the bevel (8) formed by a narrow bar (6, 23) or (306). 23. The method according to claim 22, which differs in that the hardening in step 2) corresponds to the amount of hydration between 51 30 90. 24. The method according to claim 22, which is characterized by the fact that the narrow bars (6, 23) or (306) are introduced after the first forming belt (301). 25. The method according to claim 22, which is characterized by the fact that the cavity (12) is formed in the upper part of the workpiece and a narrow bar (306) is introduced opposite the place where the cavity (12) is formed in such a way as to form transverse beveled edges on the same side, as well as longitudinal edges formed by longitudinal strips. 26. The method according to claim 22, which differs in that the narrow bar (b, 23) is removed after complete hydraulic hardening. 27. The method according to claim 22, which is characterized by the fact that the bar (306) is removed before complete hydraulic hardening. 28. The method according to claim 22, which is characterized by the fact that the narrow bar (306) is introduced in the period corresponding to 0.5 to 5 9° of hydration. 29. The method according to claim 22, which is characterized in that the hydraulic binder includes gypsum. 30. A line for the production of panels based on a hydraulic binder from a blank (5) according to claim 21, which includes the material of the outer surface (1), which is covered with a composition of a hydraulic binder (2) and which is located on a conveyor belt (7) ), 1 includes at least two forming belts (301, 302) equipped with longitudinal belts, while this line includes a device for forming a cavity (12, 12a) in the workpiece to the first forming belt, and a device for introducing the workpiece between the two forming belts of a narrow bars (6, 23) or (306) opposite the place or in the place where the cavity (12, 12a) is formed. 31. The line according to claim 30, which is characterized by the fact that the device for forming a cavity (12, 12a) in a workpiece based on a hydraulic binder (5) includes at least: a frame (101); two first pulleys (102, 103) located at the first end (104) of the frame (101) 1 two second pulleys (105, 106) at the second end (107) of the frame (101); while the first pulleys (102, 103) and the second pulleys (105, 106) lie in parallel planes; at the same time, the pulleys (102, 103, 105, 106), located opposite each other, are identical; two drive belts (108, 109) that go around the first pulleys (102, 103) and the second pulleys (105, 106); at least one wire (111), which is movably fixed on the belts (108, 109) 1 passes between these belts (108, 109) in such a way that its longitudinal axis is parallel to the axis of rotation of the pulleys (102, 103, 105, 106); while the distance between the drive belts (108, 109, 206) of this device is at least equal to the width of the workpiece (5) and this device is accordingly positioned so that when its drive belts (108, 109, 206) are rotated, its wire(s) (111) form a cavity (12. or 12a) in the workpiece (5). 32. The line according to claim 30, characterized in that the device for introducing a narrow strip (6, 23) under the workpiece between two forming belts opposite the place or in the place where the cavity (12, 12a) is formed, includes at least: a stacker of strips (20); at least one narrow bar; means (26) for removing one narrow strip (6, 23) from the stacker of strips (20); a means (27, 28, 29) for accepting an elongated narrow bar (6, 23); means (31) for advancing the elongated narrow bar (6, 23) in the direction parallel to its length; a means (32, 33, 34, 35) of supporting a narrow strip (b, 23) that moves; 1 tool (37) for sliding the narrow bar (6, 23) under the material of the outer surface (1). 33. The line according to claim 30, which is characterized in that the device for introducing a narrow bar (306) under the workpiece between two forming belts opposite the place or in the place where the cavity (12, 12a) is formed includes at least: an additional forming device (300a) ), while the specified device includes: a belt (305) supporting the forming narrow bar (306), while this belt is mounted on rollers (307, 308), the belt slides over a plate (309) mainly made of marble, and in the direction the other side of the workpiece; a supporting device (3005), which includes: a belt (310) mounted on rollers (311, 312), the belt sliding over a plate (313), preferably made of marble; belts (305, 310) having a linear speed approximately equal to the speed of the forming belts (301, 302). 34. The line according to claim 32, which is characterized in that it further includes downstream from the additional forming device (300a), as well as in the direction of the supporting device: a calibration device (300c), including: a belt (314) mounted on rollers ( 315, 316), while this belt slides over a plate (317), mostly made of marble; a belt (314) having a linear speed approximately equal to the speed of the forming belts (301, 302). 35. The line according to claim 32, characterized in that the hydraulic binder contains gypsum.