UA8481U - Rifle-gun arms - Google Patents

Abstract

Rifle-gun arms has a barrel box in which there are a rifled barrel, a breech-mechanism, a shock-release mechanism and a mechanism for cartridge feeding. To overcome several misfire events one after another the barrel is arranged with ability of rotation round the long axis. On the barrel a muff in placed with ability of reciprocal motion relative to the barrel box and the spring between the muff and the boss on the barrel box, this presses the muff to the end front (in direction of shooting) position. The barrel has rollers at its outer surface, those go to the slots of the replica of the muff, it prescribes the law of transformation of the rotary motion of the barrel to the reciprocal motion of the muff connected to the breech mechanism and able to transfer this motion to it. At the side of the breech at the end and (or) the inner surface it has bosses and (or) cuts coming at its rotation into coupling with respective cuts and (or) bosses of the breech mechanism to close the channel of the barrel at shooting.

Description

Description of the invention

The useful model refers to weapons, in particular, to rifled automatic small-armor guns. 2 The design of automatic small arms and cannons is inextricably linked to the principle of operation (its automatics. As is known |1, 2), the operation of automatics in automatic small arms and cannons is based on the following principles: 1) recoil from the pressure of powder gases on the shutter (recoil of the shutter with a stationary barrel, recoil of the barrel, recoil of all weapons); 70 2) effects of powder gases on special parts (gas discharges in the bore of the barrel for piston engine operation, use of a movable buttplate, discharge of gases through the bottom of the sleeve to unlock the bolt);

C) use of the force of resistance to the impact of the bullet (projectile) into the grooves of the barrel (to push the barrel forward for the purpose of reloading the weapon).

The highest requirements for reducing the weight of the weapon and increasing its rate of fire are set for 12 aircraft guns and aircraft machine guns. Therefore, in the last decades, aviation small-armor weapons turned out to be the most developed.

Thus, a double-barreled aviation cannon of the GSh-23 caliber 2Zmm with gas removal in the bores for the operation of its automatics made it possible to raise the rate of fire to 3400 shots per minute |ZI, its complex and interdependent (between the barrels) automatics allows for a relatively slow movement of the cartridge during extraction it from the tape

Rapid movement in the middle of the stage of sending and slowing down at the end of its sending into the chamber in order to prevent the destruction of the cartridge at the moment of its longitudinal displacement from its place and the tearing of the projectile from the sleeve due to the forces of inertia when it stops in the chamber, as well as the destruction of connecting links cartridge tape when feeding cartridges to the axis line of the weapon barrel. Thus, the maximum possible rate of fire due to the strength of the cartridge today is equal to 1500-1700 shots per minute per barrel.

A further increase in the rate of fire of the weapon was achieved by increasing the number of barrels to 4-6 and combining them into a rotating block with alternate firing from each barrel, which ensured the combination of actions in the automatics of all barrels and smooth feeding of the cartridge belt during firing ( except for the beginning and end of the queue). Thus, a 6-barreled aviation cannon of the GSh-6-23 caliber of 23mm with gas removal in the barrel channels for the operation of its automation achieved a rate of fire of 8,000, and in the modernized version of the GSh-6-23M - 10,000 shots per -- minute |4). At the same time, it was even possible to simplify the automatic weapons due to the use of common parts and to ensure the possibility of overcoming 1-3 misfires in a row due to the kinetic moment of the barrel block during their rotation. WITH

In addition, weapons with rotating barrel blocks have another advantage - stabilization of the rotation axis of the block in space during firing due to its gyroscopic properties. 3o However, increasing the caliber of the weapon at the same time leads to a sharp decrease in its rate of fire. So, for example, in a b-barrel aviation gun of the GSh-6-30 caliber ZOmm, the rate of fire no longer exceeds 5100 shots per minute |5). "

In addition, rapid-fire and large-caliber weapons have another drawback - a high recoil force (which 8 reaches up to 10,000 dan in aircraft guns), which, firstly, can eventually lead to the destruction of its fastening nodes, and secondly, it affects dynamics and stability of the machine (car, boat, plane) on which it is installed. And the rotation of the barrel block leads, in turn, to an increase in the dispersion of projectiles

From" due to the presence of the distance between the axis of rotation of the block and the longitudinal axes of the barrels (and, accordingly, to the appearance of the circumferential speed, which consists of the speed of departure of the projectiles from the barrels).

All this led to the fact that recently single-barreled guns began to appear again. An example can be a single-barreled aviation cannon of the GSh-301 caliber ZOmm |b1. because, however, both the above-mentioned gun and other single-barreled guns do not have two advantages of multi-barreled weapons "" with a rotating block of barrels: the ability to overcome several misfires in a row due to the kinetic moment and stabilization of the axis of the weapon (the direction of fire) due to the gyroscopic properties of the rotating block. But these advantages can be realized in single-barreled weapons as well, if you make the barrel rotating. As .a 70 shows the analysis of the operation of the automation of modern weapons, all of it is based either on an external drive (as, for example, in the American "Vulcan" cannon with a b-barrel rotating barrel block), or on the removal of powder gases from the bore of the barrel, or on the use force of recoil, that is, on the law of conservation of the amount of movement of the system from the bullet (projectile) and other parts of the weapon (bolt, barrel, receiver, other parts, their combinations and all weapons as a whole).

Recently, a method of operation of the automation of a single-barreled small-armor gun was proposed, which is based on the law of conservation of the momentum of the system of rotating along the grooves of the bullet (projectile) barrel and the barrel itself, which can freely rotate around its longitudinal axis. In one cycle of automation, the cartridge is fed into the barrel chamber using the shutter, the barrel is locked, the shot is fired, the barrel is unlocked, and the shot casing is extracted by the return movement of the shutter. 60 A distinctive feature of the method is that the barrel, due to the interaction through the grooves with the bullet (projectile) moving in it, acquires a rotational movement around its longitudinal axis, opposite to the direction of rotation of the bullet (projectile), making one complete revolution in one cycle and rotating continuously in the same direction during burst firing, which is used directly to lock and unlock the barrel, and through a mechanical converter - for reciprocating movement of the shutter (71. bo Thus, in the proposed method of operation of the automatics of a single-barreled rifle-cannon the above-mentioned advantages of multi-barreled weapons with a rotating block of barrels are preserved, while excluding its disadvantages - increased dispersion of bullets (projectiles) and a significant weight of the weapon. But for the implementation of the method, a device with a rotating barrel was not proposed.

The closest analogue is the following design of a single-barreled weapon with a rotating barrel |8).

The weapon has a receiver, in which there are a rifled barrel, a bolt, a shock-trigger mechanism and a cartridge feeding mechanism. The barrel on its outer surface has two protrusions, one of which slides inside the inclined groove of the receiver, and the other - inside the transverse groove in the shutter. During the shot, the protrusion located in the transverse groove provides a reliable grip, therefore, following the shutter, the recoil grabs the barrel behind the 7/0. The backward movement of the barrel is accompanied by its rotation around the longitudinal axis, because the other protrusion of the barrel, interacting with the receiver, slides along the inclined groove. After turning to a certain angle, the locking protrusion comes out of the transverse groove of the shutter and thus releases it. The shutter moves backward by inertia, extracting the shot casing and compressing the spring. After the shutter reaches the rearmost position, the spring begins to uncompress, returning it to the front position, simultaneously /5 sending another cartridge into the chamber of the barrel. At the end of this work cycle, the barrel due to the reverse movement of the projection in the inclined groove of the housing rotates in the opposite direction and another projection in the transverse groove of the bolt locks the barrel.

But the design of the above-mentioned single-barreled weapon only partially corresponds to the formula for the operation of automatics |7), since the barrel does not make a full revolution in one complete cycle.

The proposed small-cannon weapon, which fully corresponds to the formula of how automation works (71, contains a receiver in which there is a rifled barrel, a bolt, a trigger mechanism and a cartridge feeding mechanism, which is distinguished by the fact that the barrel is made with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal axis , a coupling is put on the barrel with the ability to make a reciprocating movement relative to the receiver and a spring between the coupling and a protrusion on the receiver, which presses the coupling to the extreme front (in the direction of firing) g position, the barrel on the outer surface has rollers that fit into the grooves clutch copy, which determines the law of transformation of the rotating movement of the barrel into a reciprocating movement of the clutch, which is connected to the shutter and can transmit this movement to it, from the side of the breech, the barrel on the end and (or) inner surface has protrusions and (or) cutouts that engage during its rotation with corresponding cutouts and (or) protrusions of the shutter to close the barrel during the shot. "- zo Scheme an example of a small-arms cannon based on the above features in a longitudinal section is shown on

Fig.1. Below, Fig. 2 shows a diagram of an example of a reversal of a clutch copy. co

According to its design, small-armor guns contain the following elements. Barrel 1 is inside the receiver 2 and has the ability to rotate around its longitudinal axis. The barrel is fitted with a coupling 3, in which copying grooves (copiers) 18 and 21 are made on the inside, which include rollers 5 and 17, which are attached to the barrel 1 and have the ability to freely rotate around their axes. Under the action of the spring 7, clutch C is pressed to the extreme front (in the direction of firing) position in the initial position. Coupling C with the help of rods 16 (shown dotted in Fig. 1) on the sides of the receiver 2 through longitudinal cuts in the receiver (not shown in Fig. 1) is connected to the shutter 13, which has a protrusion 14 from the bottom for extracting the shot casing and protrusions 15 for engagement with the grooves of the barrel 1 in order to close it. WITH

The receiver has two annular (around the perimeter) rows of holes 4 and 6, which during firing provide forced (due to the movement of the clutch 3) air circulation inside the receiver for the purpose of cooling. barrel 1. In addition, the air chambers between holes 4, 6 and the end surfaces of the internal space, where and? clutch 3 is located, they act as dampers for a smoother stop of the clutch to the extreme positions.

The receiver also contains a shock-trigger mechanism 8 and a cartridge feed mechanism 9 (drive

This mechanism is not shown for simplicity), delimiter 12 (its drive is also not shown for simplicity),

Go! cartridge supply cavity and shot shell ejection 11, pyrostarter 19 with chambers 20 for pyro cartridges and a technological plug 10 for inserting or removing the shutter. ve In the initial position, under the action of spring 7, clutch C is in the extreme front position (in the direction

Go! firing) position. Since the clutch C is connected to the shutter 13 through the rods 16, then the shutter 13 is also

It is in the extreme forward position, and its protrusions 15 enter the grooves on the inner surface of the barrel - 1, i.e. the barrel is closed.

At the beginning of firing, electric voltage is applied to the capsule of the pyro cartridge in cell 20, the powder gases of which push the coupling Z back towards the shutter 13. Due to the interaction of the copiers 18 and 21 with the rollers 5 and 17, the coupling Z rotates the barrel 1 until it is out of engagement with the shutter 13. At the same time, a small movement of the clutch (7 55) backwards is compensated by the presence of the same amount of backlash in the system of the clutch Z - rods 16 - shutter 13. Further movement of the clutch Z backwards is carried out together with the shutter. At the same time, the spring 7 is compressed.

In the rear position of the bolt 13, the cartridge is squeezed out of the cartridge belt feed mechanism 9 and lowered into the bolt feet 13 to the level of the barrel axis 1. At this time, the bolt 13 remains stationary relative to the receiver 2 and, accordingly, the cartridge belt feed mechanism 9 due to again backlash in the coupling system Z bo 7 thrust 16 - shutter 13. At the same time, the cartridge does not fall below the level of the barrel 1 due to the support on the separator 12, which enters the cavity of the cartridge supply and the ejection of the shot casings 11 through the openings on the sides of the receiver 2 only after lowering cartridge to this level.

Next, the cartridge is sent into the barrel 1 under the action of the spring 7, which pushes the clutch C forward together with the rods 16 and the shutter 13. After the cartridge is completely sent into the barrel 1, the barrel 1 continues to rotate around 65 degrees of its longitudinal axis (including due to inertia), the protrusions of the shutter 13 engage with the grooves on the inner surface of the barrel 1 and the barrel 1 is closed.

After closing the barrel 1, the trigger mechanism 8 is activated, which, in turn, acts on the cartridge capsule in the barrel 1 through the shutter 13 and fires a shot. The bullet (projectile) begins to move along the grooves of the barrel, rotating in one direction, and according to the law of conservation of momentum, barrel 1 accelerates and rotates

To the other side. At the same time, due to the rectilinear sections of the copiers, the clutch C remains stationary until the end of the shot, when the pressure in the barrel will drop to almost atmospheric, and the barrel remains closed.

After the shot, the clutch Z begins to move back again, towards the shutter 13, but no longer under the action of the gases of the pyrostarter 19, but due to the inertia of the rotating movement of the barrel 1. At the same time, the shutter 13 comes out of engagement with the barrel 1 and extracts the sleeve in the direction of the cartridge feed cavity and the ejection of spent casings 11. After 7/0 lowering the next cartridge to the level of the barrel with the same cartridge, the fired casing is lowered to the lowest position and with the protrusion 14 of the shutter 13 as it moves forward, bouncing off the delimiter 12 and the bevel of the receiver 2, flies away from the receiver boxes

This is how the cycle of firing from weapons of the proposed design ends. If the supply of cartridges is carried out continuously, then the cycles are repeated one after the other and thus firing in a queue is carried out. Firing is stopped by turning off the cartridge feed mechanism 9. At the same time, the last cartridge is fired, which was lowered to the level of the barrel 1, the barrel 1 by inertia makes several revolutions and stops in the position of its parts, which was before firing.

If during firing a round hits a cartridge that misfires, then due to the inertia of the rotating movement of the barrel 1, it is thrown out of the receiver 2 in the same way as the fired cartridge case. At the same time, the operation of the weapon's automation is supported by shots from the following cartridges.

The proposed small-cannon weapon can be used to develop a new design of an aircraft gun.

The invention was created in free time from work and without using information registered in the Compendium of information constituting state secrets of Ukraine.

Sources of information 1. Albertyn V.V., Bashmarin A.Ya. "Fundamentals of the arrangement of the material part of small arms of military samples". - Moscow: Main Military Publishing House of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR Union, 1936, 284p. 2. Blagonravov A.A. "Fundamentals of the design of automatic weapons". - Moscow: Main Publishing House of Defense Industry, 1940, 488p. "- from Z. Shirokorad A.B. History of aviation weapons. - Mn.: "Harvest", 1999, p. 163-164. 4. Ilyin V. "English hound" with red stars. // Krylia Rodyn. - 1993. - Mo3, p.1-55 Shirokorad village

A.B. History of aviation weapons. - Mn.: "Harvest", 1999, p. 185-186. "g 5. Shirokorad A.B. History of aviation weapons. - Mn.: "Harvest", 1999, p. 184-185. 6. per//2p tav. at. gp/agtv/dvy301.piti;. peEr://LLLymly.aigraze. gy/papdagliearopv/dvy-3 01/, so 7. Zhuk M.O. "Method of operation of small-arms automatic weapons" - Declaration patent of Ukraine for the invention Mob9164А. Bul. Mov, 2004, 8. Zhuk A. B. "Revolver and pistol!". - Moscow: Voenizdat, 1983, p. 289-290. « 1 -th- -. th 8 -6. 7 8 i t

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Claims (1)

The formula of the invention A small-arms gun containing a receiver in which there is a rifled barrel, a bolt, a firing mechanism and a cartridge feeding mechanism, which is distinguished by the fact that the barrel is made with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal axis, a coupling is put on the barrel with the possibility of reversing translational movement relative to the receiver and a spring between the coupling and the protrusion on the receiver, which presses the coupling to the extreme front (in the direction of firing) position, the barrel on the outer surface has rollers that fit into the grooves of the coupling copier, which sets the law of transformation of the rotational movement of the barrel in the reciprocating movement of the clutch, which is connected to the shutter and can transmit this movement to it, from the side of the breech, the barrel on the end and (or) inner surface has protrusions and (or) cutouts that engage with the corresponding cutouts during its rotation and (or) shutter protrusions to close the barrel for the duration of the shot. Official bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits", 2005, M 8, 15.08.2005. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. - «- (ee) « (ee) - with . and? (ee) sh» (ee) another 50 So 60 b5