UA83760C2 - Swirling-type furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention can be used for burning solid organic fuel. The inventive swirling-type furnace comprises an internal combustion chamber (1) consisting of walls (2) which are shaped in the form of a funnel (3) in the lower part thereof, at least one burner (4) and an additional chamber (5) disposed under the funnel (3), wherein the top part of the additional chamber (5) is circumferentially connected to the lower pan of the funnel (3), an air supply nozzle (8) is incorporated into the wall (6) of the additional chamber (5) in the lower part thereof on the side of the burner. The wall (7) of the additional chamber (5) which is arranged in front of the air-supply nozzle (8) is embodied in such a way that it is concave with respect thereto, the longitudinal axis of the air-supply nozzle (8) is oriented at an angle to the concave wall (7) of the additional chamber (5) which is provided with an additional air-supply nozzle (10) incorporated into an area where the funnel (3) and the additional chamber (5) are jointed, wherein the longitudinal axis of the additional nozzle (10) is arranged at an angle ranging from 1 to 45° to an imaginary plane (9) which is the extension of the concave wall (7).

Description

located opposite the wall 6. In the wall 6 of the additional chamber 5 in the area of its lower part on the side of the burner 4, a nozzle 8 for air supply is mounted, the wall 7 of the additional chamber 5, located opposite the nozzle 8 for air supply, is made concave relative to this nozzle 8 and is located so so that the imaginary plane 9, which is its continuation, crosses the opposite wall of the watering can 3, in a specific example, in its middle part.

The longitudinal axis of the nozzle 8 for air supply is directed at an angle to the concave wall 7 of the additional chamber 5.

Combustion chamber 1 is equipped with an additional nozzle 10 for air supply, which is mounted in the connection area of the funnel C with the additional chamber 5, while the longitudinal axis of the additional nozzle 10 is located at an angle of 1""o:45" to the imaginary plane 9, is a continuation of the concave walls 7 of the additional chamber 5.

In the event that сх"1", the declared technical result is not achieved, and the device will be characterized by the shortcomings noted in the prototype. If с2"45", then the vortex does not form in the central zone of the lower part of the combustion chamber 1. The additional nozzle 10 will work in the so-called "fountain mode".

In a specific example, nozzles 8 and 10 are equipped with flow regulators in the form of dampers 11.

Nozzles 8 and 10 can be sectional (for example, cylindrical or slotted).

When burning fuel with a high sulfur content and a high specific heat of combustion, it is possible to additionally feed 10 combustion products into the additional nozzle (for example, waste gas from a gas furnace) to increase the efficiency of regulating combustion processes, reduce the probability of the formation of low-melting eutectics from ash particles, and reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides and increasing the binding of sulfur oxides in the lower part of the combustion chamber 1.

The vortex furnace works as follows:

The fuel-air mixture, containing crushed fuel and air, is fed by means of the burner 4 into the internal space of the combustion chamber 1, while the amount of movement (flow rate, speed) of the air is selected in such a way as to ensure the separation and distribution of fuel particles of different sizes (fractions) according to volume (height) of combustion chamber 1. The fuel-air mixture inside the combustion chamber 1 engages and forms a burning torch 12, in which the smallest fuel particles burn. In the process of burning fuel particles, gaseous combustion products and ash are formed. Part of the unburned fuel particles and part of the ash particles are separated under the action of gravity and inertia into the lower part of the combustion chamber 1, namely, into its vortex zone 13 of combustion.

Air is supplied to the lower part of the combustion chamber 1 by two streams: through the additional chamber 5 using the nozzle 8, and the additional nozzle 10.

The air supply of the lower blow by two nozzles 8, 10 at different angles of introduction into the lower part of the combustion chamber 1 causes the formation of two independent flows. Close to the inner surface of the funnel C, the flow from the additional chamber 5 is directed along the imaginary plane 9, which is a continuation of the concave wall 7 of the additional chamber 5, into the middle part of the inner surface of the funnel C from the side of the burner 4. The air flow coming out of the additional nozzle 10 creates circulation of small particles of fuel and ash in the inner region of the vortex zone 13 of combustion.

Fuel and ash particles located in the lower part of the combustion chamber 1 fall into the air flows coming from the additional nozzle 10 and the additional chamber 5, and are separated by size (size classes, fractions) due to the sequential action of these flows on them, with thus, the largest (massive) fuel particles pass through these air flows across and enter the additional chamber 5, and small fuel and ash particles enter the air flow from the additional nozzle 10. The consumption of the flow of the additional nozzle 10 should ensure the removal of small fuel and ash particles from large particles fuel and transporting them to the central region of the vortex zone 13 of combustion.

The consumption of the air flow from the nozzle 8 should ensure the retention of large fuel particles in the additional chamber 5. The configuration of the design of the additional chamber 5 and the air flow from the nozzle 8 ensure multiple circulation and burning of large fuel particles in the volume of the additional chamber 5 and, as they burn out, removal these particles into the lower part of combustion chamber 1. At the same time, more complete combustion of fuel in the device is ensured. This circumstance reduces losses with mechanical underburning, as a result of which the efficiency of operation of the combustion chamber 1 increases, that is, its efficiency.

Of the two streams supplied to the lower part of the combustion chamber 1 from the additional chamber 5 and the additional nozzle 10, the stream from the additional chamber 5, which directly washes the wall of the funnel 3, on which the burner 4 is installed, contains the minimum amount of small, most erosively dangerous particles of ash and fuel . This reduces the erosive wear of the wall of the funnel C and the wall 2 of the combustion chamber 1, which are washed by the flow from the additional chamber 5, which increases the reliability of the vortex combustion chamber 1.

Fanning of part of the fuel into the central area of the vortex zone 13 of the torch combustion helps equalize the concentration of fuel and air in the volume of the lower - vortex - part of the combustion chamber 1, which leads to the equalization of the heat release in it and, as a result, the equalization of the temperature field due to the exclusion of local temperature maxima This circumstance reduces the intensity of pyroplastic transformations in ash particles with the formation of low-melting eutectics and, together with the aforementioned reduction in the effect of ash particles on the combustion chamber wall, reduces deposits on the walls of combustion chamber 1, which increases the reliability of its operation.

In addition, the generally reduced temperature level reduces the formation of nitrogen oxides. The same circumstance, in combination with multiple circulation of ash particles in the vortex zone, leads to a significant increase in the concentration of sulfur oxides. Thus, the environmental performance of the device improves.

The invention can be used, practically, for the entire range of solid organic fuel in a wide range of changes in its quality characteristics and particle size composition, it allows to increase the efficiency, reliability and safety of the furnace by reducing the probability of erosive wear of its walls and deposits on its walls (their slagging), as well as reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides by lowering and equalizing the overall temperature level in the furnace, and increase the combination of sulfur oxides with the main oxides of the mineral part of the fuel by increasing the speed of these chemical reactions when the temperature level decreases.

For the implementation of the vortex furnace, well-known simple industrial equipment and materials common in this field of technology were used, which determines the compliance of the invention with the "industrial suitability" (IA) criterion.

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