CN106765061B - Pulverized coal boiler furnace with variable cross section of burner area and flexibility peak regulation - Google Patents
Pulverized coal boiler furnace with variable cross section of burner area and flexibility peak regulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN106765061B CN106765061B CN201710007606.1A CN201710007606A CN106765061B CN 106765061 B CN106765061 B CN 106765061B CN 201710007606 A CN201710007606 A CN 201710007606A CN 106765061 B CN106765061 B CN 106765061B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2700/00—Special arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluent fuel
- F23C2700/06—Combustion apparatus using pulverized fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/06041—Staged supply of oxidant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pulverized coal boiler furnace with a variable cross section of a burner area and flexible peak regulation, which belongs to the field of boilers, wherein the furnace cross sections of different burner layers are not completely identical, the furnace cross sections of the burner area are gradually enlarged along the flue gas flow direction, and the ratio of the furnace cross section of a variable cross section to the furnace cross section corresponding to a burner at the downstream of the variable cross section is 0.75-0.95. The invention solves the problems existing in the prior conventional pulverized coal boiler furnace type, in particular to the single-mill stable combustion capability, which can ensure that the boiler achieves the single-mill stable combustion and the oil-free stable combustion capability of 20 percent BMCR.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of boilers, and particularly relates to a pulverized coal boiler hearth.
Background
The large-scale conventional pulverized coal boiler (pulverized coal boiler with pulverized coal airflow and combustion improver feeding direction perpendicular to flue gas flow direction in the hearth, corresponding to the pulverized coal boiler), adopts a furnace type mainly comprising a II-shaped arrangement and a tower-shaped arrangement, and also comprises a few T-shaped boilers. The matched combustion modes include wall combustion and tangential combustion, wherein the wall combustion comprises single-side wall combustion and opposite combustion, and the tangential combustion comprises single-tangential-circle combustion and double-tangential-circle combustion. The conventional pulverized coal boiler adopts a hearth structure with the same cross-sectional area in a combustion area.
For a typical II-shaped arrangement boiler shown in fig. 1, a vertical upward arrow in the figure is a smoke flow direction, a cavity surrounded by a hearth water-cooled wall, a ceiling and other parts is called a hearth, and various heating surfaces such as a superheater and a reheater are arranged in a hearth outlet and a later flue. The lower part of the hearth, the front wall water cooling wall and the rear wall water cooling wall are inclined at a certain angle to form a cold ash bucket, and a gap is reserved at the bottom of the cold ash bucket to serve as a slag discharge outlet. The upper part of the hearth sometimes bends the back wall water-cooled wall into a shape protruding into the hearth, called a folded flame horn. The combustion equipment is arranged at the lower part of the hearth and comprises a burner, a bellows, an overfire air regulator, an overfire bellows and the like, fuel required by combustion, air or combustion improver such as oxygen and the like are fed into the hearth from the combustion equipment, a series of reactions such as pyrolysis, gasification, combustion and the like occur in the hearth, and chemical energy of the fuel is released to generate high-temperature flue gas. And then the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is absorbed by heating surfaces such as water cooling walls.
For the typical tower-type arrangement boiler shown in fig. 2, the vertical upward arrow in the figure is the flow direction of flue gas, and the hearth structure is similar to that of the II-type arrangement boiler except for the arrangement pattern of the heating surfaces in the boiler.
Regardless of the arrangement mode and the combustion mode, the lower hearth (hearth below the heating surface of the screen area of the hearth in the patent) of the conventional pulverized coal boiler is composed of four vertical water-cooled walls, and the sectional areas of the hearths of the burner positions of all layers are equal. At the bottom of the hearth, the front wall and the rear wall of the water-cooled wall incline by a certain angle to form a cold ash bucket. A gap is arranged at the bottom of the ash cooling hopper and is used as a slag discharging port.
With the requirement of the national energy bureau for issuing a notification about issuing a thermal power flexibility transformation test point project, the peak shaving capacity of a unit is further increased, namely, the peak shaving capacity of a heat supply unit is increased by 20 percent, and the minimum technical output reaches 40 to 50 percent of rated capacity; the peak regulation capacity of 15% -20% of rated capacity is increased by the pure condensing unit, the minimum technical output reaches 30% -35% of rated capacity, the minimum technical output of the pure condensing working condition when the unit is required to be stable in burning without oil is 20% -25%, the requirement of the stable burning load without oil of 20% -25% of BMCR (bulk blending ratio) is required to be met for a boiler, the boiler runs stably for a long time, and the hearth type and the burner arrangement of the conventional pulverized coal boiler are mature in technology, but the stable burning load without oil of 20% -25% of BMCR is required to be met, and a certain risk exists.
1) When the existing boiler scheme is designed, the adaptability and the slag bonding prevention capability of full-load coal are required to be considered, so that the heat index of a boiler hearth is lower, and when a single mill/single-layer burner is put into operation, the temperature level and the environmental temperature of the whole hearth are lower, the stable combustion of the single mill is difficult to realize, and usually 2 mills are required to be matched with each other, so that the stable combustion capability of 30% BMCR can be achieved;
2) Because the combustion intensity of the lower layer burner area in the prior art is lower, the temperature of the hearth is not high enough, the burnout rate of the coal powder fed by the lower layer burner is lower, and the boiler efficiency is reduced;
3) The coal mill is put into the boiler one by one during the ignition and load rising period, the coal mill corresponding to the lower layer burner is firstly put into operation, if the temperature of the hearth is not high enough, the coal powder cannot be ignited when entering the hearth, so that auxiliary fuel oil or natural gas is always put into the hearth to raise the temperature in the hearth to the condition of allowing coal feeding before the coal powder is put into operation, and the temperature of the hearth is slowly raised in the prior art, so that a large amount of fuel oil or natural gas is consumed, and the cost of each start is high.
4) Because the inclination angle of the ash cooling hopper has certain requirements, the inclination angle is generally not smaller than 55 degrees, so that the ash cooling hopper in the prior art has a large height. Because the pulverized coal is burnt out and needs to have reasonable residence time in the hearth, the distance from the upper layer burner to the hearth outlet is also required. These two factors result in a large boiler height and high boiler manufacturing costs.
5) The low temperature of the flue gas in the lower half part of the ash cooling hopper causes low heat exchange intensity of the water cooling wall in the area, and the heating surface is not fully utilized.
6) The existing hearth type has large cross-sectional area, low flue gas temperature in the lower group of burner areas, slower heating speed of pulverized coal airflow, unfavorable rapid precipitation of volatile matters and unsatisfactory NOx control. Research shows that the rapid precipitation of volatile matters in coal is beneficial to reducing the generation of NOx, and the rapid precipitation of volatile matters requires high temperature, so that a technology of manufacturing a reflux zone and heating pulverized coal airflow by reflux flue gas is commonly adopted, but the temperature of the reflux flue gas is related to the combustion temperature in a hearth, and ideal high-temperature reflux flue gas is not easy to obtain in a lower burner zone; on the other hand, modern boilers generally adopt an air depth classification technology to reduce the emission of NOx, and when the air supplied by a combustion area is smaller than the air required by the complete combustion of coal dust, that is, when a reducing atmosphere is formed, the NOx is reduced to N2, and the generation amount of the NOx is reduced. Under the reducing atmosphere, according to the Arrhenius law, the reduction reaction speed can be accelerated by increasing the temperature of the flue gas, and the generation of NOx can be reduced. The lower burner area of the existing hearth structure has lower flue gas temperature, the reduction reaction speed is inhibited, and the NOx in the area can not be fully reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: the variable cross-sectional area hearth structure of the combustion area is provided to solve the problems of the hearth type of the conventional pulverized coal boiler, particularly the single-mill stable combustion capability, so that the boiler can achieve the single-mill stable combustion capability and achieve the oil-free stable combustion capability of 20% BMCR.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the furnace sections of the coal powder boiler furnace with the variable cross section of the burner area adapting to the flexibility peak regulation are not completely the same, the furnace sections of different burner layers are gradually enlarged along the flue gas flow direction, and the ratio of the furnace section of the variable cross section to the furnace section corresponding to the burner at the downstream is 0.7-0.95.
In this patent, "the hearth cross-sectional area of the burner area gradually expands along the flue gas flow direction" does not limit the requirement that the hearth cross-sectional area must strictly increase along the flue gas flow direction, but only needs to generally increase, i.e. allows part of the hearth cross-sectional area to be unchanged along the flue gas flow. Wherein the ratio of the hearth cross-sectional area of the variable section to the hearth cross-sectional area corresponding to the burner downstream of the variable section is controlled specifically, and if the ratio is too small, the ratio can cause local slag bonding easily, and more preferably, the ratio is 0.75-0.9.
Alternatively, a first-stage or multi-stage slope section is arranged in the burner area of the hearth to form a hearth with variable cross-sectional area, and the slope section is arranged on a certain water-cooled wall or on a multi-surface water-cooled wall in a direct connection or vertical section transition manner between the slope section and the ash cooling hopper. As a variable cross-section mode, the scheme adopts one-stage or multi-stage slope sections to form the variable cross-section hearth.
Alternatively, the ramp sections may be symmetrical about the front and rear walls or the left and right side walls, or may be asymmetrical. But preferably a symmetrical arrangement is used.
Alternatively, the slope sections are transited by the vertical sections, and the burner can be installed on the water-cooled wall of the vertical section or on the slope sections. The slag is preferentially arranged on the vertical section, so that slag bonding at the upper end of the nozzle is reduced.
Alternatively, the hearth is arranged vertically, and the inclined angle between the slope section and the flue gas flow direction is in the range of 5-35 degrees, so that ash accumulation or slag accumulation of the slope section of the furnace can be avoided, and more preferably 15-35 degrees. If the furnace is arranged horizontally (flue gas passes through the furnace horizontally, and the burners are distributed horizontally), the inclination is not limited.
Alternatively, the burner is provided with one or more layers of overfire air downstream of the flue gas.
The depth of the hearth of the boiler is reduced, the height of the ash cooling hopper can be correspondingly reduced, the boiler can be reduced by 1-5 meters compared with the traditional technology, and the height of the boiler is reduced compared with that of a conventional boiler under the condition of the same pulverized coal residence time, so that the manufacturing cost of the boiler is saved. If the height of the boiler is the same as that of a conventional hearth, the elevation of the burner of the boiler with the novel hearth structure can be reduced under the condition that the distance between the lower group of burners and the ash cooling hopper is the same, the burning time of coal dust in the boiler is longer, and the boiler efficiency is higher.
The foregoing inventive subject matter and various further alternatives thereof may be freely combined to form a plurality of alternatives, all of which are employable and claimed herein; and the invention can be freely combined between the (non-conflicting choices) choices and between the choices and other choices. Various combinations will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the present disclosure, and are not intended to be exhaustive or all of the present disclosure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the innovation point of the patent is that the hearth area before entering the superheater/reheater adopts multi-stage arrangement, so that the structure is suitable for the II-shaped boiler, the tower-shaped boiler/T-shaped boiler, the vertical arrangement boiler and the horizontal arrangement boiler. The novel variable-section hearth structure improves the combustion intensity of the lower part of the hearth and is preferentially applied to a solid slag-discharging boiler for burning high-ash fusion point fuel. Adopt the furnace structure of this patent, can solve the problem that current furnace pattern exists, have following beneficial effect:
1) The novel hearth enhances the combustion intensity of the lower group of burner areas, improves the flue gas temperature, improves the low-load stable combustion capability, reduces the minimum stable combustion load by 10% of BMCR compared with the prior art, can realize stable combustion of a single mill, realizes the oil-free stable combustion capability of a unit under 20% BMCR working condition, and meets the requirements of unit flexibility peak regulation.
2) As the low-load stable combustion capability of the boiler is improved, the auxiliary fuel or energy consumed in the start-stop stage of the unit is reduced, and the running cost of the power plant is reduced.
3) The flue gas temperature of the hearth of the lower-layer combustor area is increased, the burnout rate of coal dust fed into the hearth is increased, and the boiler efficiency is improved.
4) Compared with the prior art, the height of the ash cooling hopper can be reduced, and the height of the boiler is reduced compared with that of a conventional boiler under the condition of the same pulverized coal residence time, so that the manufacturing cost of the boiler is saved. If the height of the boiler is the same as that of a conventional hearth, the elevation of the burner of the boiler with the novel hearth structure can be reduced under the condition that the distance between the lower group of burners and the ash cooling hopper is the same, the burning time of coal dust in the boiler is longer, and the boiler efficiency is higher.
5) The ash cooling hopper is smaller than a conventional boiler, and the heating surface of the water-cooled wall in the hearth is fully utilized.
6) The flue gas temperature of the lower group of burner areas is increased, and the areas are under-oxygen areas by adopting the air staged combustion technology, so that the reduction reaction speed is increased along with the temperature increase, the reduction of NOx is enhanced, and the generation of fuel NOx is reduced. The high temperature of the reflux flue gas promotes the precipitation of more volatile matters in the coal and is also beneficial to the control of NOx. Since fuel-type NOx accounts for over 70% of the total NOx, the smoke temperature in the lower burner zone is moderately increased but insufficient to fly thermal NOx, so the total NOx is reduced over conventional hearths.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hearth structure of a conventional II-type pulverized coal furnace;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a furnace structure of a frequent tower pulverized coal boiler;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 4 of the present invention;
the furnace comprises a furnace chamber 1, a furnace chamber 2, a flue, a slag discharging outlet 3, a furnace chamber water-cooling wall 10, a slope section 20, a ceiling 30, a heating surface 50, a ash cooling hopper 11, a flame holder 12, a burner 101, a bellows 102, an over-fire air regulator 103 and an over-fire bellows 104.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples illustrate the invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 3, the furnace sections of the pulverized coal boiler furnace with the variable cross section of the burner area adapting to the flexibility peak shaving are not completely the same, the furnace sections of different burner layers are gradually enlarged along the flue gas flow direction (namely, A2< A1< A0), and the ratio of the furnace section of the variable cross section to the furnace section of the burner downstream of the variable cross section is 0.75-0.95 (namely, A2:A0=0.75-0.95 and A1:A0=0.75-0.95). Preferably, one-stage or multi-stage slope sections are arranged in the hearth burner area to form a hearth with variable cross-sectional area, and the slope sections are in direct connection or vertical section transition with the ash cooling hopper and are arranged on a certain water-cooled wall or on a multi-surface water-cooled wall. As shown in fig. 3 of the present embodiment, a first-stage slope section is arranged in the burner area of the furnace, the slope section is directly connected with the ash cooling hopper, and the front wall and the rear wall of the slope section are symmetrically arranged. The inclined angle between the slope section and the flue gas flow direction (vertical upward direction in the figure) is in the range of 5-35 degrees. The burner comprises a 2-layer burner arranged in a variable section furnace, and a 1-layer upper-layer burner (downstream burner) above. The flue gas downstream of the burner is provided with a layer of over-fire air.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 4, this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: the furnace burner area is provided with 2-level slope sections to form a variable cross-section furnace, the slope sections are in transition with the vertical sections between the ash cooling hoppers, the vertical sections are in transition between the slope sections, 2-level burners of the furnace with variable cross-section sections are arranged on the vertical section water-cooled wall, and 1-level upper-layer burners (downstream burners) are arranged on the 2-level burners.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 5, this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: the method is characterized in that A1-stage slope section is arranged in a furnace burner area to form a variable cross-sectional area furnace (namely A1< A0, A1:A0=0.75-0.95), a vertical section is in transition between the slope section and a cold ash bucket, and 1-stage burners of the variable cross-sectional area furnace are arranged on a vertical section water-cooled wall, and 2-stage upper-layer burners (downstream burners) are arranged on the variable cross-sectional area furnace.
Example 4:
referring to fig. 6, this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: for tower pulverized coal furnace, set up 2 grades of slope sections in furnace burner area, form the variable cross-sectional area furnace, slope section only sets up at the front wall. The transition of the vertical section between the slope section and the ash cooling hopper is that the 2-layer burner of the variable section hearth is arranged on the water cooling wall of the vertical section, and the upper-layer burner (downstream burner) of 1 layer is arranged on the water cooling wall.
Application example:
taking 660MW ultra-critical wall type opposed firing pulverized coal boiler for firing high ash fusion point coal as an example, the following is described with reference to figures 1 and 5:
1) Conventional design (fig. 1):
the width of the hearth is about 22 meters, the depth of the hearth is 15.5 meters, the inclination angle (the included angle with the horizontal) of the ash cooling hopper is 55 degrees, and the cross-sectional area of the hearth is about 340 square meters. 6 coal mills are matched, each coal mill is matched with 6 burners, the interlayer spacing of the burners is about 4.5 m, the single power of the burners is 50MW, the caliber of the burners is about 1100mm, the length of a torch is not more than 4 times of the caliber of the burners, namely 4.5 m, the coal mills corresponding to the lower-layer burners are firstly thrown when being started, and the heat load of the corresponding section of one coal mill is 0.882MW/m 2 The heat load of the section of the hearth is 4.41MW/m at full load 2 . The combustion strength of the section in the starting stage is greatly different from that of the section in the full load.
2) Design of this patent scheme (fig. 5):
the section of the hearth above the second layer of burner is the same as the conventional design, and is still 22 meters wide and 15.5 meters deep. A slope with the height of 2 meters and the inclination angle of 60 degrees (the included angle between the slope section and the flue gas flow direction is 30 degrees) is arranged between the lower-layer burner and the second-layer burner, the hearth depth of the lower-layer burner is 13.19 meters, the depth is reduced by 2.31 meters, the hearth depth still can meet the condition that independent torches on the front wall and the rear wall are not mutually interfered, and the cross section area of the hearth is reduced85% of the cross section of the upper layer burner. The distance from the lower burner to the inflection point of the ash cooling hopper is designed in the same way as the conventional design, and the height of the ash cooling hopper is reduced by 1.649 meters. The section heat load of a corresponding mill is 1.036MW/m 2 The combustion stability is improved by 18% compared with the conventional design scheme, and the combustion stability is greatly enhanced. The furnace smoke temperature of the variable cross-section area is improved by 50-100 ℃ and the nitrogen oxide is reduced by 10% compared with the traditional technology. The furnace height can be reduced by at least 1 meter and the boiler cost can be reduced by about 100 ten thousand yuan while maintaining the same combustion efficiency.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a combustor area variable cross section adaptation flexibility peak shaver's pulverized coal boiler furnace which characterized in that: the hearth cross sections of different burner layers are not identical, the hearth cross sections of the burner areas are gradually enlarged along the flue gas flow direction, and the ratio of the hearth cross sections of the variable section to the hearth cross sections corresponding to the burners at the downstream is 0.7-0.95.
2. The burner zone variable cross-section adaptive flexibility peaking pulverized coal boiler furnace of claim 1, wherein: one-stage or multi-stage slope sections are arranged in the burner area of the hearth to form a hearth with variable cross-sectional area, and the slope sections are in direct connection or vertical section transition with the ash cooling hopper and are arranged on a certain water-cooled wall or on a multi-surface water-cooled wall.
3. The burner zone variable cross-section adaptive flexibility peaking pulverized coal boiler furnace of claim 2, wherein: the front wall, the rear wall or the left side wall and the right side wall of the slope section are symmetrically arranged.
4. The burner zone variable cross-section adaptive flexibility peaking pulverized coal boiler furnace of claim 2, wherein: the slope sections of each stage are transited by the vertical section, and the burner is arranged on the water cooling wall of the vertical section.
5. The burner zone variable cross-section adaptive flexibility peaking pulverized coal boiler furnace of claim 1, wherein: the hearth is vertically arranged, and the inclined angle between the slope section and the flue gas flow direction is in the range of 5-35 degrees.
6. The burner zone variable cross-section adaptive flexibility peaking pulverized coal boiler furnace of claim 1, wherein: one or more layers of over-fire air are arranged at the downstream of the flue gas of the burner.
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