CN104759192A - Low-cost coal-fired flue gas various pollutant ultralow emission system and low-cost coal-fired flue gas various pollutant ultralow emission method - Google Patents
Low-cost coal-fired flue gas various pollutant ultralow emission system and low-cost coal-fired flue gas various pollutant ultralow emission method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-cost coal-fired flue gas various pollutant ultralow emission system and a low-cost coal-fired flue gas various pollutant ultralow emission method. The system mainly includes a nitrogen oxide gradient control system, a semidry flue gas purifying system and a wet-type static deep purification system. In the invention, by means of the nitrogen oxide gradient control system, the emitted NOx is less than 50 mg/Nm3 in concentration; by means of the semidry flue gas purifying system, the removal efficiency of SO2 can be reach not less than 90%, the removal efficiency of SO3 can be reach not less than 90%, the removal efficiency of acidic gas can be reach not less than 95% and the dust is less than 30 mg/Nm3; and by means of the wet-type static deep purification system, the PM is less than 5 mg/Nm3 and the removal efficiency of SO2 can be reach not less than 50%. The dust-containing waste water in the wet-type static deep purification system is used for slaking limestone and moistening and activating an absorbent in the semidry flue gas purifying system, so that near-zero emission of the waste water in the system is achieved and finally it is achieved that the pollutant emission concentrations of PM is less than 5 mg/Nm3, the emission concentration of SO2 is less than 35 mg/Nm3 and the emission concentration of SO2 is less than 50 mg/Nm3 in a coal-fired power plant, thereby achieving an ultralow emission requirement of the main pollutant under a condition of the near-zero emission of the waste water.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coal-fired flue-gas Pollutant Control Technology field, specifically relate to a kind of low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge system and method.
Background technology
In recent years, China broad area is in succession absorbed in serious and lasting haze and pollutes weather, is subject to the extensive concern of news media and public opinion.Form the PM of haze
2.5the fine particle (primary particle) that particle depollution source is directly discharged, also comprises the SO of discharge of pollutant sources outward
2, NO
xdeng the fine particle generated through photochemical effect (second particle).
Fire coal is one of main cause causing atmosphere pollution.Within 2013, coal in China total amount consumed is 36.1 hundred million tons, and wherein thermal power generation accounts for about 50%.China's thermal power generation in 2012 consumes coal 17.9 hundred million tons, discharges SO altogether
28830000 tons, NO
x9480000 tons, particle 1,510,000 tons.A large amount of flue dust, SO that coal produces in combustion
2, NO
xwith the multiple pollutant such as mercury, after a large amount of SCR denitration device is run, part SO
2be converted into SO
3, not only to environment, bring very large hidden danger also to the safe operation of power plant.
Therefore, China has promulgated strict fossil-fuel power plant atmospheric pollutant emission standard (GB 13223-2011), regulation mercury and mercuric compounds 0.03mg/Nm
3, flue dust 30mg/Nm
3, sulfur dioxide 200 (existing unit)/100 (new-built unit) mg/Nm
3, nitrogen oxide 100mg/Nm
3discharge standard.In September, 2014, National Development and Reform Committee, Environmental Protection Department, National Energy Board combine issue " coal electricity energy-saving and emission-reduction life and transformation action plan (2014-2020) ".Action target is that eastern region newly-built Thermal generation unit Air Pollutant Emission concentration reaches gas turbine group emission limit (PM<10 mg/Nm substantially
3, SO
2<35 mg/Nm
3, NO
x<50 mg/Nm
3), middle part new-built unit is close or arrival gas turbine group emission limit in principle, and encouragement west area new-built unit is close or reach gas turbine group emission limit.
At present, control to adopt Single Pollution thing control technology mainly for different pollutant for coal fired power plant flue gas pollutant, as controlled to mainly contain limestone/gypsum wet flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) technology, sea water desulfuration and semi-dry desulphurization technology etc. for oxysulfide, WFGD technology has become the mainstream technology of China's Thermal Power Generation Industry desulfurization, also new and effective absorption tower is developed at present, to improve desulfuration efficiency further, (relevant patent is as US6550751B1, ZL200810003528, ZL200610200285).But the water consumption of this technology is comparatively large, then inapplicable to water resources shortage area.Sea water desulfuration technology also can obtain higher desulfuration efficiency, but is only applicable to the power plant of coastal area, and inland power plant does not then possess equipment condition.Summary of Semi-dry Flue Gas Desulfurization is relative to wet desulfurization system, and cost is low, equipment is simple, and floor space is little, without advantages such as sewage disposal systems, also achieve a large amount of application, but also there is desulfuration efficiency and be difficult to meet the strictest pollutant emission standard.
Control to mainly contain low-NO_x combustion technology, SCR (SCR) technology and SNCR (SNCR) technology for nitrogen oxide.Low-NO_x combustion technology from Sources controlling NO_x formation, can realize discharged nitrous oxides and be less than 300mg/Nm
3.SNCR technology adopts in stove sprays ammonia, urea etc. as reducing agent reductive NO
x, can by NO
xdischarge capacity is down to about 200mg/Nm
3, the not high meeting of urea desorption column causes the escaping of ammonia.SCR technology is gas denitrifying technology after the stove of at present most main flow, and this technology denitration efficiency can reach more than 80%.
Control to mainly contain electrostatic precipitator technology, bag type dust removing technology and electric bag composite dedusting technology for particle.Bag type dust removing technology and electric bag composite dedusting technology can realize being less than 20mg/Nm to granular material discharged
3, wet static dedusting system can reduce dust emission concentration further, reaches 5mg/Nm
3.
Both at home and abroad desulfur denitrate dust collecting Integration ofTechnology patent is also addressed, the technology path adopted is mainly low nitrogen burning+SCR+electrostatic precipitator+wet desulphurization+wet cottrell, this technology path can reach the effect of minimum discharge, but investment, cost is higher, a transformation difficult problem is there is for adopting semi-dry process flue gas desulphurization system at present, and the water consumption of this route is comparatively large, improvement cost is high, and the region for water resources shortage is inapplicable.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge system and method for low cost, the present invention comprises nitrogen oxide step control system, purification of flue gases by semidry process system and wet electrostatic advanced purification system, by the step Collaborative Control of nitrogen oxide, oxysulfide, dust, sour gas and mercury, realize the minimum discharge of coal-fired flue-gas pollutant and the near-zero release of waste water, still belong to pioneering at home and abroad.
A kind of low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge system, described exhaust system comprises nitrogen oxide step control system, purification of flue gases by semidry process system and the wet electrostatic advanced purification system of connecting successively,
Described nitrogen oxide step control system comprises the low NO, SNCR denitrification apparatus and the selective catalytic reduction denitration device that are connected in turn, described low NO is arranged in boiler, and SNCR denitrification apparatus is arranged on boiler top;
Described purification of flue gases by semidry process system comprises absorption tower, sack cleaner, material-returning device and lime slaking device, and described sack cleaner is connected with absorption tower by material-returning device, and lime slaking device is connected with absorption tower; Several humidifying nozzles are provided with in described absorption tower; Be provided with air preheater between described selective catalytic reduction denitration device and absorption tower, selective catalytic reduction denitration device is also connected with boiler by described air preheater simultaneously;
Described wet electrostatic flue gas advanced purification system comprises spraying cooling humidifying device, wet cottrell and waste water circulation utilized device; Before described spraying cooling humidifying device is arranged on wet cottrell, after sack cleaner; Flue gas humidifying device is provided with in described wet cottrell, described waste water circulation utilized device comprises the waste water tank and cyclic water tank that are interconnected, described wet cottrell is connected with waste water tank, waste water tank is connected with humidifying nozzle by waste water pump, cyclic water tank is connected with wet cottrell by water circulating pump, and described cyclic water tank is also connected with lime slaking device, spraying cooling humidifying device respectively.
As preferably, described exhaust system also comprises heat exchanger, and described heat exchanger comprises temperature descending section and intensification section, and described temperature descending section is arranged between sack cleaner and spraying cooling humidifying device, and intensification section is arranged between wet cottrell and chimney.Realize chimney smoke temperature increase, reduce white cigarette, reduce flue-gas temperature in flue gas humidification process, reduce the humidification water yield.
As preferably, described absorption tower is provided with several desulfurizing agent inlets.
As preferably, described flue gas humidifying device is arranged on the porch of wet cottrell.Spray at wet cottrell entrance, decreasing temperature and increasing humidity is carried out to high-temperature flue gas, flue gas is reached capacity even hypersaturated state, makes condensable particle generation condensation growth, be removed further, can SO be realized simultaneously
2cooperation-removal.
A kind of low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge method, comprises the steps:
(1) air and coal dust enter the preliminary control that low NO carries out nitrous oxides concentration, then enter SNCR denitrification apparatus to carry out nitrous oxides concentration and reduce successively, finally by selective catalytic reduction denitration device, nitrogen oxides in effluent concentration is controlled within certain limit;
(2) flue gas after selective catalytic reduction denitration device enters air preheater, air after preheating is sent into boiler by air preheater on the one hand, enter absorption tower after flue-gas temperature being reduced on the one hand and carry out desulfurization, wet type desulfurizing agent in absorption tower is evaporated and is absorbed the sour gas in flue gas under the heating of flue gas, forms dry powder-shaped product; Flue gas after desulfurization enters sack cleaner, and the product that in flue gas, dust and semi-dry desulphurization produce effectively is removed, and partially acidic gas is by the further absorbing and removing of sack cleaner;
(3) flue gas after step (2) enters in wet cottrell, by smoke stack emission after wet cottrell process after the process of spraying cooling humidifying device.
As preferably, in step (1), in low NO process rear hearth exiting flue gas, nitrous oxides concentration is lower than 200mg/m
3; The region that SNCR denitrification apparatus is 850 ~ 1100 DEG C in fire box temperature sprays into reducing agent, generates N with the reaction of nitrogen oxides in flue gas
2and water, unnecessary ammonia participates in the denitration reaction of selective catalytic reduction denitration device; Selective catalytic reduction denitration device is used for Collaborative Control nitrogen oxides in effluent and oxidizing zero-valence mercury, makes the nitrous oxides concentration in flue gas be reduced to 50mg/m
3below.
As preferably, in step (2), air preheater to utilize from selective catalytic reduction denitration device flue gas air out, sends in boiler and utilizes low NO coal combustion; Described flue-gas temperature enters absorption tower and carries out desulfurization after being reduced to 130 ~ 140 DEG C; Described lime slaking device utilizes the recirculated water of wet cottrell that quick lime is generated white lime, and desulfurizing agent classification sprays in absorption tower, and utilizes the sensible heat in flue gas to make desulfurizing agent be dried to powder.
As preferably, in step (2), described spraying cooling humidifying device utilizes the recirculated water of wet cottrell to carry out multistage humidification; The bag type filter elements that described sack cleaner utilizes fiber fabric to make is to trap the dry powder-shaped pollutant that in flue gas, dust and semi-dry desulphurization produce, and pass through material-returning device, the fly ash granule trap sack cleaner and absorbent granules return in absorption tower by ash handing pipeline, the absorbent underused is obtained and utilizes completely.
As preferably, in step (3), flue gas enters spraying cooling humidifying device from purification of flue gases by semidry process system outlet, and purification of flue gases by semidry process system outlet flue-gas temperature is 90 ~ 95 DEG C, after spraying cooling, temperature reduces to 45 ~ 55 DEG C, and flue gas reaches capacity or hypersaturated state simultaneously; The effluent storage of electrostatic precipitator is in waste water tank, and wastewater supernatant fluid returns cyclic water tank, and provides recirculated water for lime slaking device and spraying cooling humidifying device, and all the other waste water are circulated to absorption tower and use under waste water pump effect.
The water that in the semi-dry desulphurization system that the present invention adopts, humidifying process adopts is from the spent shower water in wet cottrell, and this technique effectively can reduce water consumption.
As preferably, described exhaust system also comprises heat exchanger, and described heat exchanger comprises temperature descending section and intensification section, and described temperature descending section is arranged between sack cleaner and spraying cooling humidifying device, and intensification section is arranged between wet cottrell and chimney.
Nitrogen oxide step control system: control the generation that NO_x formation reduces pollutant by low NO in boiler in burning, then nitrogen oxides in effluent generates nitrogen and water with ammonia gas react in SNCR (SNCR) denitrification apparatus, flue gas is through SCR (SCR) denitrification apparatus subsequently, generates nitrogen and water in flue gas under the catalyst action of remaining nitrogen oxide in SCR denitration device with ammonia gas react.
In nitrogen oxide step control system processing procedure, because follow-up SNCR denitration device and SCR denitration device have the function of NO_x Reduction by Effective simultaneously, can significantly reduce costs.Preferably, nitrogen oxide step denitrating system outlet nitrous oxides concentration is less than 50 mg/Nm
3;
Described SNCR denitration device, adopt in stove and spray ammonia as NOx in reducing agent reduction flue gas, do not adopt catalyst, reducing agent sprays into the region that fire box temperature is 850 ~ 1100 DEG C, and rapid thermal decomposition becomes ammonia, with the NO in flue gas
xreaction generates N
2and water;
Described SCR denitration device, nitrogen oxides in effluent under the effect of catalyst with SNCR before the ammonia gas react that sprays into generate nitrogen and water, realize efficient NO
xcontrol, and the use amount of catalyst can be greatly reduced.
Purification of flue gases by semidry process system: for controlling sulfureous in flue gas oxide and bulky grain thing.
Described lime slaking device, refers to that quick lime and water react the device generating white lime, different from conventional lime digestive system, and what this system utilized is the recirculated water of wet cottrell;
Described absorption tower, desulfurizing agent classification sprays in absorption tower, utilizes the sensible heat in flue gas to make desulfurizing agent be dried to powder, and utilizes the recirculated water of wet cottrell to carry out multistage humidification;
Described sack cleaner, utilizes the bag type filter elements of fiber fabric manufacture to trap the dry powder-shaped pollutant that in flue gas, dust and semi-dry desulphurization produce; Sack cleaner not only can be used for efficiently controlling particle in flue gas, simultaneously can Collaborative Control particulate Hg;
Described material-returning device, the fly ash granule trap sack cleaner and absorbent granules are returned in highly effective reaction absorption tower by ash handing pipeline, the absorbent underused is obtained and utilizes completely.
Wet electrostatic advanced purification system: by pollutants such as fine particle, sulfur trioxide, mercury in this system parameters cooperation-removal flue gas.
Described spraying cooling humidifying device is that just can reach the temperature of about 50 degree, humidity reaches capacity in order to ensure that flue gas is before entering wet cottrell;
Described wet cottrell, sprays to collecting plate by water smoke, and water smoke charged rear division in the powerful corona field that discharge electrode is formed is atomized further; The impact interception of electric field force, charged water spray, absorption coalescence, jointly play trapping effect to fine particle, final particle arrives dust collecting electrode and is captured under electric field force effect.Wet cottrell, not only effectively can remove the PM in flue gas
2.5, simultaneously can cooperation-removal SO
3, SO
2, the pollutant such as mercury and other heavy metals.
Described waste water circulation utilized device, be connected with semi-dry process flue gas desulphurization system, dust-laden waste water be used for the humidification of desulfurizing agent in semi-dry desulphurization system, to improve semi-dry desulphurization system pollutant desulfuration efficiency, reduce discharge of wastewater simultaneously, avoid the problem of wastewater treatment.
The wet electrostatic advanced purification system that the present invention adopts is by optimizing spray form, sparger arrangement mode, adjustment spray cycle, realize subregion layout, partition running, time-division operation, while minimizing drop carries, ensure that pole plate moisture film is uniform, prevent equipment corrosion, realize efficient deashing.
The invention provides a kind of system of coal fired power plant low cost minimum discharge environmental protection, overcome equipment removal effect in existing coal fired power plant environmental pollution thing control technology single, the weak points such as concentration of emission is high, while realizing the minimum discharge of coal unit flue gas pollutant, reduce the water consumption of whole system.
Low NO, SNCR denitration system and SCR denitration system combine by the present invention, form coal fired power plant nitrogen oxide step and remove system, can realize the denitration of the power-plant flue gas low cost degree of depth, SCR denitration system works in coordination with mercury oxidation, semi-dry desulphurization cooperation-removal SO simultaneously
3, the sour gas such as HF, HCl, before wet cottrell is arranged in chimney, as afterbody pollutant catabolic gene equipment, flue gas pollutant is by charged and by collecting plate, can effectively remove SO in flue gas
2, Hg, the multiple pollutant such as superfine particulate matter, the coal fired power plant flue gas pollutant minimum discharge system that the present invention proposes, can realize the collaborative efficient of multiple pollution and control, reduce costs simultaneously, reduce water consumption.Each system is organically together in series by the present invention, makes that the environmental protection equipment of power plant is organic to be coupled together, and realizes the control and optimize of flue gas pollutant entirety.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is another kind of structural representation of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge system, described exhaust system comprises nitrogen oxide step control system, purification of flue gases by semidry process system and the wet electrostatic advanced purification system of connecting successively,
Described nitrogen oxide step control system comprises the low NO 1, SNCR denitrification apparatus 3 and the selective catalytic reduction denitration device 4 that are connected in turn, described low NO 1 is arranged in boiler 2, and SNCR denitrification apparatus 3 is arranged on boiler 2 top;
Described purification of flue gases by semidry process system comprises absorption tower 6, sack cleaner 8, material-returning device 14 and lime slaking device 15, and described sack cleaner 8 is connected with absorption tower 6 by material-returning device 14, and lime slaking device 15 is connected with absorption tower 6; Be provided with several humidifying nozzles 5 in described absorption tower 6, described absorption tower 6 is provided with several desulfurizing agent inlets 7; Be provided with air preheater 13 between described selective catalytic reduction denitration device 4 and absorption tower 6, selective catalytic reduction denitration device 4 is also connected with boiler 2 by described air preheater 13 simultaneously;
Described wet electrostatic flue gas advanced purification system comprises spraying cooling humidifying device 10, wet cottrell 11 and waste water circulation utilized device; Before described spraying cooling humidifying device 10 is arranged on wet cottrell 11, after sack cleaner 8; Flue gas humidifying device is provided with in described wet cottrell 11, described flue gas humidifying device is arranged on the porch of wet cottrell, spray at wet cottrell entrance, decreasing temperature and increasing humidity is carried out to high-temperature flue gas, flue gas is reached capacity even hypersaturated state, make condensable particle generation condensation growth, be removed further, can SO be realized simultaneously
2cooperation-removal;
Described waste water circulation utilized device comprises the waste water tank 18 and cyclic water tank 17 that are interconnected, described wet cottrell 11 is connected with waste water tank 18, waste water tank 18 is connected with humidifying nozzle 5 by waste water pump 19, cyclic water tank 17 is connected with wet cottrell 11 by water circulating pump 16, and described cyclic water tank 17 is also connected with lime slaking device 15, spraying cooling humidifying device 10 respectively.
The present invention realizes NO by nitrogen oxide step control system
xconcentration discharge is less than 50mg/Nm
3, realize SO by purification of flue gases by semidry process system
2removal efficiency more than 90%, SO
3removal efficiency more than 90%, acid gas removal efficiency more than 95%, dust is less than 30mg/Nm
3, realize PM by Wet smoke advanced purification system and be less than 5mg/Nm
3, SO
2removal efficiency reaches more than 50%.By dust-laden waste water in wet electrostatic advanced purification system is used for lime carbonate slaking and purification of flue gases by semidry process Systemic absorption agent humidification activation etc., realize the near-zero release of system waste water.Finally realize coal fired power plant flue gas pollutant concentration of emission PM and be less than 5mg/Nm
3, SO
2be less than 35mg/Nm
3, NO
xbe less than 50mg/Nm
3, under the condition of waste water near-zero release, major pollutants reach minimum discharge requirement.
Embodiment 2
With reference to Fig. 2, a kind of low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge system, described exhaust system comprises nitrogen oxide step control system, purification of flue gases by semidry process system and the wet electrostatic advanced purification system of connecting successively,
Described nitrogen oxide step control system comprises the low NO 1, SNCR denitrification apparatus 3 and the selective catalytic reduction denitration device 4 that are connected in turn, described low NO 1 is arranged in boiler 2, and SNCR denitrification apparatus 3 is arranged on boiler 2 top;
Described purification of flue gases by semidry process system comprises absorption tower 6, sack cleaner 8, material-returning device 14 and lime slaking device 15, and described sack cleaner 8 is connected with absorption tower 6 by material-returning device 14, and lime slaking device 15 is connected with absorption tower 6; Be provided with several humidifying nozzles 5 in described absorption tower 6, described absorption tower 6 is provided with several desulfurizing agent inlets 7; Be provided with air preheater 13 between described selective catalytic reduction denitration device 4 and absorption tower 6, selective catalytic reduction denitration device 4 is also connected with boiler 2 by described air preheater 13 simultaneously;
Described wet electrostatic flue gas advanced purification system comprises spraying cooling humidifying device 10, wet cottrell 11 and waste water circulation utilized device; Before described spraying cooling humidifying device 10 is arranged on wet cottrell 11, after sack cleaner 8; Flue gas humidifying device is provided with in described wet cottrell 11, described flue gas humidifying device is arranged on the porch of wet cottrell, spray at wet cottrell entrance, decreasing temperature and increasing humidity is carried out to high-temperature flue gas, flue gas is reached capacity even hypersaturated state, make condensable particle generation condensation growth, be removed further, can SO be realized simultaneously
2cooperation-removal;
Described waste water circulation utilized device comprises the waste water tank 18 and cyclic water tank 17 that are interconnected, described wet cottrell 11 is connected with waste water tank 18, waste water tank 18 is connected with humidifying nozzle 5 by waste water pump 19, cyclic water tank 17 is connected with wet cottrell 11 by water circulating pump 16, and described cyclic water tank 17 is also connected with lime slaking device 15, spraying cooling humidifying device 10 respectively.
Described exhaust system also comprises heat exchanger 9, and described heat exchanger comprises temperature descending section and intensification section, and described temperature descending section is arranged between sack cleaner and spraying cooling humidifying device, and intensification section is arranged between wet cottrell and chimney.Realize chimney smoke temperature increase, reduce white cigarette, reduce flue-gas temperature in flue gas humidification process, reduce the humidification water yield.
Embodiment 3
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge method, comprises the steps:
(1) air and coal dust enter the preliminary control that low NO 1 carries out nitrous oxides concentration, and low NO 1 to process in rear hearth exiting flue gas nitrous oxides concentration lower than 200mg/m
3; Then enter SNCR denitrification apparatus 3 to carry out nitrous oxides concentration and reduce successively, the region that SNCR denitrification apparatus 3 is 850 ~ 1100 DEG C in fire box temperature sprays into reducing agent, generates N with the reaction of nitrogen oxides in flue gas
2and water, unnecessary ammonia participates in the denitration reaction of selective catalytic reduction denitration device 4; Selective catalytic reduction denitration device 4, for Collaborative Control nitrogen oxides in effluent and oxidizing zero-valence mercury, makes the nitrous oxides concentration in flue gas be reduced to 50mg/m
3below;
(2) flue gas after selective catalytic reduction denitration device 4 enters air preheater, air preheater to utilize on the one hand from selective catalytic reduction denitration device 4 flue gas air out, send in boiler 2 and utilize low NO 1 coal combustion, enter absorption tower 6 after on the one hand flue-gas temperature being reduced to 130 DEG C and carry out desulfurization, wet type desulfurizing agent in absorption tower 6 is evaporated and is absorbed the sour gas in flue gas under the heating of flue gas, forms dry powder-shaped product; Flue gas after desulfurization enters sack cleaner 8, and the product that in flue gas, dust and semi-dry desulphurization produce effectively is removed, and partially acidic gas is by sack cleaner 8 absorbing and removing further; The bag type filter elements that described sack cleaner utilizes fiber fabric to make is to trap the dry powder-shaped pollutant that in flue gas, dust and semi-dry desulphurization produce, and by material-returning device 14, the fly ash granule trap sack cleaner 8 and absorbent granules are returned to in absorption tower 6 by ash handing pipeline, the absorbent underused is obtained and utilizes completely;
Wherein, described lime slaking device 15 utilizes the recirculated water of wet cottrell 11 that quick lime is generated white lime, and desulfurizing agent classification sprays in absorption tower, and utilizes the sensible heat in flue gas to make desulfurizing agent be dried to powder;
(3) flue gas after step (2) enters flue gas and enters in wet cottrell 11 after spraying cooling humidifying device 10 processes, and is discharged after wet cottrell 11 processes by chimney 12; By pollutants such as fine particle, sulfur trioxide, mercury in wet electrostatic advanced purification system each parameter cooperation-removal flue gas; Wherein, flue gas enters spraying cooling humidifying device 10 from purification of flue gases by semidry process system outlet, purification of flue gases by semidry process system outlet flue-gas temperature is 90 ~ 95 DEG C, after spraying cooling, temperature reduces to 45 ~ 55 DEG C, flue gas reaches capacity or hypersaturated state simultaneously, a large amount of condensation growths of condensable particle such as sulfur trioxide; The effluent storage of electrostatic precipitator 11 is in waste water tank 18, and wastewater supernatant fluid returns cyclic water tank 17, and provides recirculated water for lime slaking device 15 and spraying cooling humidifying device 10, and all the other waste water are circulated to absorption tower 6 and use under waste water pump 19 acts on.
The present invention is integrated with nitrogen oxide step control system, purification of flue gases by semidry process system, wet electrostatic advanced purification system.Chimney breast smoke components reaches: dust emission is lower than 5mg/m
3, SO
2discharge is lower than 35mg/m
3, NO
xdischarge is lower than 50mg/m
3, mercury emissions can be realized lower than 0.03mg/m simultaneously
3and SO
3discharge is lower than 5mg/m
3.
Embodiment 4
With reference to Fig. 2, a kind of low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge method, comprises the steps:
(1) air and coal dust enter the preliminary control that low NO 1 carries out nitrous oxides concentration, and low NO 1 to process in rear hearth exiting flue gas nitrous oxides concentration lower than 200mg/m
3; Then enter SNCR denitrification apparatus 3 to carry out nitrous oxides concentration and reduce successively, the region that SNCR denitrification apparatus 3 is 850 ~ 1100 DEG C in fire box temperature sprays into reducing agent, generates N with the reaction of nitrogen oxides in flue gas
2and water, unnecessary ammonia participates in the denitration reaction of selective catalytic reduction denitration device 4; Selective catalytic reduction denitration device 4, for Collaborative Control nitrogen oxides in effluent and oxidizing zero-valence mercury, makes the nitrous oxides concentration in flue gas be reduced to 50mg/m
3below;
(2) flue gas after selective catalytic reduction denitration device 4 enters air preheater, air preheater to utilize on the one hand from selective catalytic reduction denitration device 4 flue gas air out, send in boiler 2 and utilize low NO 1 coal combustion, enter absorption tower 6 after on the one hand flue-gas temperature being reduced to 130 DEG C and carry out desulfurization, wet type desulfurizing agent in absorption tower 6 is evaporated and is absorbed the sour gas in flue gas under the heating of flue gas, forms dry powder-shaped product; Flue gas after desulfurization enters sack cleaner 8, and the product that in flue gas, dust and semi-dry desulphurization produce effectively is removed, and partially acidic gas is by sack cleaner 8 absorbing and removing further; The bag type filter elements that described sack cleaner utilizes fiber fabric to make is to trap the dry powder-shaped pollutant that in flue gas, dust and semi-dry desulphurization produce, and by material-returning device 14, the fly ash granule trap sack cleaner 8 and absorbent granules are returned to in absorption tower 6 by ash handing pipeline, the absorbent underused is obtained and utilizes completely;
Wherein, described lime slaking device 15 utilizes the recirculated water of wet cottrell 11 that quick lime is generated white lime, and desulfurizing agent classification sprays in absorption tower, and utilizes the sensible heat in flue gas to make desulfurizing agent be dried to powder;
(3) flue gas after step (2) enters flue gas and enters in wet cottrell 11 after spraying cooling humidifying device 10 processes, and is discharged after wet cottrell 11 processes by chimney 12; By pollutants such as fine particle, sulfur trioxide, mercury in wet electrostatic advanced purification system each parameter cooperation-removal flue gas; Wherein, flue gas enters spraying cooling humidifying device 10 from purification of flue gases by semidry process system outlet, purification of flue gases by semidry process system outlet flue-gas temperature is 90 ~ 95 DEG C, after spraying cooling, temperature reduces to 45 ~ 55 DEG C, flue gas reaches capacity or hypersaturated state simultaneously, a large amount of condensation growths of condensable particle such as sulfur trioxide; The effluent storage of electrostatic precipitator 11 is in waste water tank 18, and wastewater supernatant fluid returns cyclic water tank 17, and provides recirculated water for lime slaking device 15 and spraying cooling humidifying device 10, and all the other waste water are circulated to absorption tower 6 and use under waste water pump 19 acts on.Select to add heat exchanger 9 according to sulfur trioxide concentration the present embodiment, described heat exchanger 9 comprises temperature descending section and intensification section, described temperature descending section is arranged between sack cleaner 8 and spraying cooling humidifying device 10, utilizes semi-dry desulphurization system exiting flue gas heating heat exchanger medium deionized water; Intensification section is arranged between wet cottrell 11 and chimney 12, by deionized water heating wet electrical dust precipitator exiting flue gas, realizes chimney smoke temperature increase, reduces white cigarette, reduce flue-gas temperature in flue gas humidification process, reduce the humidification water yield.
The present invention is integrated with nitrogen oxide step control system, purification of flue gases by semidry process system, wet electrostatic advanced purification system and heat-exchange system.Chimney breast smoke components reaches: dust emission is lower than 3mg/m
3, SO
2discharge is lower than 30mg/m
3, NO
xdischarge is lower than 40mg/m
3, mercury emissions can be realized lower than 0.02mg/m simultaneously
3and SO
3discharge is lower than 3mg/m
3.
Claims (10)
1. a low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge system, is characterized in that: described exhaust system comprises nitrogen oxide step control system, purification of flue gases by semidry process system and the wet electrostatic advanced purification system of connecting successively,
Described nitrogen oxide step control system comprises the low NO, SNCR denitrification apparatus and the selective catalytic reduction denitration device that are connected in turn, described low NO is arranged in boiler, and SNCR denitrification apparatus is arranged on boiler top;
Described purification of flue gases by semidry process system comprises absorption tower, sack cleaner, material-returning device and lime slaking device, and described sack cleaner is connected with absorption tower by material-returning device, and lime slaking device is connected with absorption tower; Several humidifying nozzles are provided with in described absorption tower; Be provided with air preheater between described selective catalytic reduction denitration device and absorption tower, selective catalytic reduction denitration device is also connected with boiler by described air preheater simultaneously;
Described wet electrostatic flue gas advanced purification system comprises spraying cooling humidifying device, wet cottrell and waste water circulation utilized device; Before described spraying cooling humidifying device is arranged on wet cottrell, after sack cleaner; Flue gas humidifying device is provided with in described wet cottrell, described waste water circulation utilized device comprises the waste water tank and cyclic water tank that are interconnected, described wet cottrell is connected with waste water tank, waste water tank is connected with humidifying nozzle by waste water pump, cyclic water tank is connected with wet cottrell by water circulating pump, and described cyclic water tank is also connected with lime slaking device, spraying cooling humidifying device respectively.
2. low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described exhaust system also comprises heat exchanger, described heat exchanger comprises temperature descending section and intensification section, described temperature descending section is arranged between sack cleaner and spraying cooling humidifying device, and intensification section is arranged between wet cottrell and chimney.
3. low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described absorption tower is provided with several desulfurizing agent inlets.
4. low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described flue gas humidifying device is arranged on the porch of wet cottrell.
5., based on a method for low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge system described in claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) air and coal dust enter the preliminary control that low NO carries out nitrous oxides concentration, then enter SNCR denitrification apparatus to carry out nitrous oxides concentration and reduce successively, finally by selective catalytic reduction denitration device, nitrogen oxides in effluent concentration is controlled within certain limit;
(2) flue gas after selective catalytic reduction denitration device enters air preheater, air after preheating is sent into boiler by air preheater on the one hand, enter absorption tower after flue-gas temperature being reduced on the one hand and carry out desulfurization, wet type desulfurizing agent in absorption tower is evaporated and is absorbed the sour gas in flue gas under the heating of flue gas, forms dry powder-shaped product; Flue gas after desulfurization enters sack cleaner, and the product that in flue gas, dust and semi-dry desulphurization produce effectively is removed, and partially acidic gas is by the further absorbing and removing of sack cleaner;
(3) flue gas after step (2) enters in wet cottrell, by smoke stack emission after wet cottrell process after the process of spraying cooling humidifying device.
6. low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in step (1), in low NO process rear hearth exiting flue gas, nitrous oxides concentration is lower than 200mg/m
3; The region that SNCR denitrification apparatus is 850 ~ 1100 DEG C in fire box temperature sprays into reducing agent, generates N with the reaction of nitrogen oxides in flue gas
2and water, unnecessary ammonia participates in the denitration reaction of selective catalytic reduction denitration device; Selective catalytic reduction denitration device is used for Collaborative Control nitrogen oxides in effluent and oxidizing zero-valence mercury, makes the nitrous oxides concentration in flue gas be reduced to 50mg/m
3below.
7. low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in step (2), air preheater utilizes flue gas air out from selective catalytic reduction denitration device, sends in boiler and utilizes low NO coal combustion; Described flue-gas temperature enters absorption tower and carries out desulfurization after being reduced to 130 ~ 140 DEG C; Described lime slaking device utilizes the recirculated water of wet cottrell that quick lime is generated white lime, and desulfurizing agent classification sprays in absorption tower, and utilizes the sensible heat in flue gas to make desulfurizing agent be dried to powder.
8. low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in step (2), the bag type filter elements that described sack cleaner utilizes fiber fabric to make is to trap the dry powder-shaped pollutant that in flue gas, dust and semi-dry desulphurization produce, and pass through material-returning device, the fly ash granule trap sack cleaner and absorbent granules return in absorption tower by ash handing pipeline, the absorbent underused is obtained and utilizes completely.
9. low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in step (3), flue gas enters spraying cooling humidifying device from purification of flue gases by semidry process system outlet, purification of flue gases by semidry process system outlet flue-gas temperature is 90 ~ 95 DEG C, after spraying cooling, temperature reduces to 45 ~ 55 DEG C, and flue gas reaches capacity or hypersaturated state simultaneously; The effluent storage of electrostatic precipitator is in waste water tank, and wastewater supernatant fluid returns cyclic water tank, and provides recirculated water for lime slaking device and spraying cooling humidifying device, and all the other waste water are circulated to absorption tower and use under waste water pump effect.
10. low cost coal-fired flue-gas multiple pollutant minimum discharge method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described exhaust system also comprises heat exchanger, described heat exchanger comprises temperature descending section and intensification section, described temperature descending section is arranged between sack cleaner and spraying cooling humidifying device, and intensification section is arranged between wet cottrell and chimney.
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