UA82813C2 - Device for decoding spectral characteristics of object - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to applied spectrometry, in particular to optoelectronic spectral measurements. The device for decoding spectral characteristics of object by its color image on photograph includes block of objective, dispersion element, block for information processing, indication block, block of memory of standards, block for recording and storing information, block of cassette of image with mechanism for image motion, indicator of value of displacement and lighting and multi-element photo-receiver of matrix type installed in plane of image of spectral bands. Spectral bands are directed in such way that those provide scanning of target of matrix receiver in direction of one of coordinate axes of photo-receiver, and at other axis one provides scanning with structure of photo-receiver by direction parallel to edge of “reading slot”. The invention makes it possible to obtain spectral characteristic of each section of object at whole field of image at complete automation of decoding.

Description

The invention belongs to the field of applied spectrometry, in particular to optical-electronic spectral measurements.

There are known spectrometers based on the decomposition of light into the components of the spectrum, using dispersive elements, for example, prisms or diffraction gratings (11.

Known devices for multi-zone terrain survey |21.

The main disadvantage of these devices is a very small field of view and the ability to work only in a narrow beam of light rays reflected from the object.

The disadvantage of multi-zone shooting devices is the need to use multi-zone equipment, which often makes it very difficult to solve the tasks.

As an analog taken as a prototype, the closest is a spectrometric device (11.

The task of the invention is to create a terrain picture deciphering device that can convert information on a color aerospace image into a spectral characteristic of each area of the terrain in the image.

The task is solved by creating a device for deciphering the spectral characteristics of an object based on its color image in a photograph, which contains a lens unit, a dispersing element, an information processing unit, an indication unit, a standard memory unit, a recording and information storage unit, which differs in that it includes a picture cassette unit with a mechanism for moving the picture, a sensor of the amount of movement and a backlight, a multi-element photoreceptor of the matrix type, installed in the image plane of the spectral bands, while the spectral bands are oriented so as to ensure scanning of the target of the matrix photoreceptor with the direction of one of coordinate axes of the photoreceptor, and along the other axis provide scanning of the photoreceptor structure in a direction parallel to the edge of the "reading slit".

The technical result is the provision of automated decoding of aerospace images, improving the accuracy of decoding.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the proposed device. 1 - input collimator lens; 2 - dispersing element (diffraction grating);

Z - lens; 4 - multi-element matrix type photoreceptor; - information processing unit; 6 - display unit; 7 - aerial photograph cassette unit with a slit diaphragm; 8 - illumination of an aerial photograph in the zone of the slit diaphragm; 9 - the mechanism of movement of the picture relative to the diaphragm with the sensor of the amount of movement of the picture; - control unit; 11 - memory block of standards; 12 - unit for recording and storing information;

Blocks 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10 are located in a single case, blocks 5,11,12 are in a computer. It is possible to miniaturize blocks 4, 11, 12 and place all blocks in a single case.

In Figure 1, single lines with arrows indicate electrical connections, and double lines indicate optical connections.

The cassette block of the space aerial photo has a slit diaphragm, the axis of which is in a plane parallel to the direction of the working elements of the dispersing system 2 and from one of the axes of the two-coordinate matrix of the multi-element photoreceiver 4.

Block 7 has a backlight З and a mechanism for moving the picture 9 with a sensor for the amount of movement of the picture in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the slit diaphragm.

The amount of movement of the image is fixed by the sensor of the mechanism 8, converted into an electronic signal code and transmitted to the block 5.

Blocks 1,2,3,4,7,8 have an optical connection between them (shown by double lines in Fig. 1).

A diffraction grating can be used as a dispersing system 2, and a CCD matrix as a photodetector 4.

The device is powered by the control unit 10 from an external or built-in power source.

In Fig. 2, consider the optical scheme of a spectral device with a flat diffraction grating. Such a device has input and output collimators with lenses 1 and 3. The optical axes of the lenses 1 and 3 of the collimators are perpendicular to the grating strokes, that is, they lie in the x plane. The input slot 13 of the cassette block 7, which plays the role of a light source, is parallel to the lines of the grid. Each point of the slit 13 along its height gives, after passing through the lens 1 of the collimator, a parallel beam of light, the axis of which will form an angle 6' with the optical axis of the collimator and, therefore, with the plane xu. The axes of parallel beams coming from different points of the slit 13 (along its height) will form different angles with the plane xu, but they all lie in the same plane that passes through the axis 7.

Based on the scheme of the spectral device, it is convenient to characterize the position of the source point a and the observation point p by the angles хм and Ф, which lie in the plane ху, and the angles 6' and 6", which lie in the planes passing through the optical axes of the collimators and axis 7 . The angle u formed by the axis of the input collimator with the x axis is the angle of incidence of the parallel beam on the grating, and the angle Ф formed by the axis of the output collimator with the x axis is the diffraction angle. With this choice of the angles of the axes of the parallel beams coming from different points of the input slit along its height, will form different angles 6, but their projection on the х plane will form the same angle х with the axis (11. As a result, an image of spectral bands 14 appears on the target of the matrix photoreceptor 4.

The device with which the proposed method is implemented works as follows:

With the help of the control unit 10, other units of the device are turned on. The image of the terrain, limited by the slit diaphragm 13 of block 7 and illuminated by block 8, is transmitted to lens 1, which forms a global beam that falls on the dispersing system - block 2. In block 2, the light stream is decomposed into spectral components that form using lens C colored bands with different wavelengths on the target of the photo receiver 4, while the direction of the bands coincides with the direction of one of the axes of the matrix and the bands are projected onto the target in this direction. Areas of the matrix target illuminated by spectral bands are electronically scanned "pixel-by-pixel" along the bands, thereby scanning the image in the picture, which is limited by the slit of the block 7 along the axis of this slit diaphragm. At the same time, with the help of the mechanism 9, a scan (slower than "per-pixel") is performed in block 7 of the picture, in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the slit diaphragm of block 7. As a result, from block 4 to block 5, information about the spectral composition of the image of each smallest part of the picture in the two-coordinate system. The block also receives information from the reference memory block 11. References are a coded ratio of light flux intensities at the working wavelengths corresponding to certain objects. Block 5 compares these deviations with the resulting measurements and identify the objects in the picture.The identification data from the unit 5 is sent to the unit 6, where the information is visualized and also sent to the information storage unit 12.

In this way, the proposed device for deciphering the spectral characteristics of an object based on its color image, for example, on a space photo, allows obtaining the spectral characteristic of each part of the object over the entire image field with full automation of decoding.

Literature: 1. V.N. Malyshev. Introduction to experimental spectrometry. M. "Nauka", 1979 2. N.P. Lavrova, A.F. Stetsenko. Astrophotography. Astrophotographic equipment. M. Nedra, 1981 (pp. 271-273). 3. B.S. Kuzmin, F.Ya. Gerasimov et al. Topographical and geodesic terms: Reference book. M. "Nedra", 1989. (pp. 190-191). and drinking Na ovo om : ! and And ! 8 11.6. 7514 | I. SHHI and shk I 2 wk 3 Ko 4 and ii p 1 r. !

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Claims (1)

A device for deciphering the spectral characteristics of an object based on its color image in a photograph, which contains a lens unit, a dispersing element, an information processing unit, an indication unit, a standard memory unit, a recording unit 1 of information storage, which is characterized by the fact that additionally contains a picture cassette unit with a mechanism for moving the picture, a sensor of the amount of movement and illumination, a multi-element photoreceptor of the matrix type, installed in the plane of the image of the spectral bands in such a way that the spectral bands are oriented in such a way as to ensure scanning of the target of the matrix photoreceptor in the direction of one of the coordinate axes of the photoreceptor, and along the other axis, scan the structure of the photoreceptor in a direction parallel to the edge of the "reading gap".