UA80981U - Solid fuel hot water boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

A solid fuel hot water boiler for combustion of mostly anthracite or coal includes a burning (furnace) chamber in which furnace and channel for gravitational fuel supply are formed, fuel hopper, the heat exchanger is a vessel with water, smoke tubes, turbulators as wire spirals. The outlet of the heat exchanger is arranged as gas collection collector with outlet branch pipe. The turbulators are suspended by two coordinate axes, in equal number, to two or other even number of frames. The frames are hinged through links to two pairs of swinging arms. Each frame is connected to one and the other pair of swinging arms, though with one-side ends of those in such a way that synchronous lowering of one frame and lift of the other frame and vice versa are provided, with equilibration of one with another. At that the swinging arms are in pairs connected to axles installed in props with bearings. On both axles hinged-lever mechanism is fixed, this is connected through a crank mechanism to electric drive of cleaning mechanism.

Description

The utility model belongs to the field of thermal energy, in particular to devices for heating water for heating using solid fuel, mainly anthracite or hard coal.

A solid fuel furnace with gravity fuel supply and secondary air injection is known (UK patent Mo 995,342 of 16.06.1963, application Mo 43642/63 IPC E240), comprising a coal hopper, an inclined chute and a combustion chamber having a water jacket, with connected to the main water chamber, which has the function of a heat exchanger, since chimney pipes pass through it, inside of which there are means of creating turbulence in the form of helical blades and which, in order to clean the pipes from ash, make a reciprocating movement with the help of a movable rocker.

The disadvantages of this solution, in the part of the structure of the chimney ash cleaning mechanism given in the description, is the use of helical blades with a central rod, which significantly reduce the cross-section of the chimney pipes, increasing the resistance to the exit of flue gases, which increases the power of the used smoke extractor. The screw part of the vanes, not reaching the edge of the lower part of the pipes, does not clean a certain part of their inner surface and a layer of ash accumulates on it, which significantly reduces the cross-section of the pipes and can completely block the passage of flue gases, which will cause the furnace to stop, pull out the vanes and clean the pipes .

Also, the disadvantage is the rather high labor intensity of the production of blades.

The closest analogue, according to the largest set of essential features, is a stove or boiler on pellet (briquette) fuel with a cleaning device (patent document EU Mo ЕР2213940

A2, application Me 09000912.5 dated 29.01.2010, IPC (2005.01) E23) 3/02, G248 13/00, IPC (2006.01)

E28а 1/06, E24В 1/08, E24Н 9/00, g282 15/04). A stove or boiler on pellet (briquette) fuel consists of a hopper, a feeder, a tray, a combustion chamber (fuel chamber) with a channel for gravity fuel supply and a furnace, a heat exchanger with a device for cleaning convection pipes and for improving heat transfer, which includes helical springs that represent is a combination of turbulators and scrapers for ash, which are connected through a hinged-lever mechanism to a rotary cover for refueling, which is opened/closed manually or by turning on an electric motor, which is activated by opening/closing the cover, while scrapers for ash carry out reciprocating movement inside the pipes and carry them out

From ash cleaning. In the rest position, the turbulators improve the heat exchange between the flue gases and the convection pipes. The closest analogue has a number of significant disadvantages. When the upper ends of the ash scrapers/turbulizers move from the oscillating levers along the arc of a circle, even with a small stroke, increased clearances between the inner surfaces of the pipes and the outer surfaces of the ash scrapers/turbulizers are required to ensure their movement in the pipes. But with large gaps, a thick layer of ash deposits remains, which impairs heat transfer, and due to the oscillations of the ash scrapers/turbulizers in the pipes, their uneven cleaning occurs.

With the necessary minimization of the value of the gaps between the ash scrapers/gurbulizers, which are made in the form of springs, and the inner surface of the convection pipes, in order to significantly improve the quality of cleaning the pipe along the entire length and the reliability of the mechanism, it is possible to combine the springs in the lower position with the ends of the pipes. Due to which, in the process of work, the springs can stretch (for example, due to the accumulation of a thick layer of soot in the intervals between cleanings or sticking of the springs as a result of prolonged idle time in work), get out of the pipes, catch on the edges of the pipes, which will lead to their further deformation and jamming in pipes If the springs do not reach the edges of the lower part of the pipes, then certain parts of their inner surfaces are not cleaned and a layer of soot accumulates on them, which significantly reduces the cross-section of the pipes and can completely block the passage for flue gases, requiring the furnace or boiler to be stopped, springs pulled out and pipe cleaning.

The task of a useful model of a water-heating solid fuel boiler is to increase the reliability of the boiler by cleaning the heat exchanger pipes from ash deposits using the design of the elements of the cleaning mechanism and the heat exchanger itself. The specified task is solved by the proposed solid fuel water-heating steel boiler, which contains a heat exchanger, which is a rectangular container with water, with flue pipes installed vertically along two axes of the coordinate system at a certain step inside, which is equipped with a cleaning mechanism, which consists of turbulators inserted into the flue pipes, which are wire spirals that make a reciprocating movement along the axis through a hinge-lever system from an electric drive. The significant difference is that the turbulizers (spirals) are installed inside the flue pipes of the heat exchanger with the difference between the inner diameter of the pipe and the outer diameter of the turbulator bo (spiral) necessary for reciprocating movement and desirable, sufficient for their cleaning from ash deposits, 0, 3-0.6 mm and with the possibility of rotating the turbulators (spirals) around their axis to prevent their possible jamming in the pipes by solid particles coming out with flue gases, while the stroke length of the turbulators (spirals) driven by the electric drive of the cleaning mechanism, more step of winding spirals (to ensure overlap of cleaning zones with adjacent turns); the lower ends of the flue pipes of the heat exchanger are made in the form of bells with internal radii, while the lower ends of the flue pipes go into the smoke channel of the combustion chamber, and the last lower turn of each turbulator (spiral) is pressed against the neighboring turn without a gap, and the end of the spiral is bent in the direction of its center , while the last turn of the turbulator (spiral) in its lower position is at the level of the end of the pipe bell, which in the complex ensures complete cleaning of the pipes, prevents ash deposits from reducing the cross-section in the lower part of the pipes, the lower turn is pressed with a bend towards the center of the spiral, increase the rigidity of the free ends of the turbulators (spirals) and, in combination with bells, eliminate the possibility of the turbulators (spirals) catching on the ends of the pipes and, as a result, the deformation (stretching) of the spirals. To implement the most effective heat exchange, which occurs when the path length of the outgoing flue gases is increased, it is desirable to make a winding step of spirals forming turbulators, which are installed inside the flue pipes of the heat exchanger, no more than 0.6 of the diameter of the spiral.

Turbulizers (spirals) are suspended in equal numbers to two frames, which provide them with reciprocating movement through a hinge-lever system from an electric drive.

A useful model is explained by graphic materials, where:

Fig. 1 general view of the boiler in the form of an axonometric projection;

Fig. 2 view A on the right;

Fig. C is a stepped frontal section B-B of the boiler along one of the rows of flue pipes of the heat exchanger;

Fig. 4 remote element B - elements of the cleaning mechanism in the two extreme positions, which are located under the heat exchanger cover;

Fig. 5 section G-G - arrangement of chimney pipes in the heat exchanger and cleaning mechanism;

Fig. 6 remote element D - the lower end of the chimney pipes is made in the form of a bell, the position of the turbulator (spiral) is in its lower position with the last turn pressed down;

From Fig. 7 remote element Ж - the end of the last turn of the turbulator (spiral) is bent to the side of its center;

Fig. 8 remote element E - fastening of the turbulator (spiral) on the frame;

Fig. 9 is a kinematic diagram in one of the extreme positions of the cleaning mechanism, conditionally with one row of turbulators (spirals).

A solid-fuel water-heating steel boiler consists of a frame 1 (Fig. 1), a fuel chamber (combustion chamber) 2 installed on it, the body elements of which are made with double walls and are combined into a single cavity that serves as a water jacket, forming a furnace З ( Fig. 3) and channel 4 for gravity fuel supply. On the back wall of the fuel chamber (combustion chamber) 2 is hermetically installed ash door and at the same time ignition door 5 (fig. 1 and 3), and a hinged automatic damper b - for supplying primary air to the furnace 3.

The automatic damper 6 opens under the action of air, which is forcibly sucked into the fuel chamber (combustion chamber) 2 by a chimney (not shown in the figures) and automatically closes when it is turned off. An ash box 7 (Fig. 3) is installed behind the ash door 5 inside the fuel chamber (combustion chamber) 2. A door 8 (Fig. 1) is hermetically installed on the side wall of the fuel chamber 2 - for cleaning the internal surfaces of the boiler from ash deposits.

On the front wall of the fuel chamber 2, there is a row of nozzles 9 (fig. 2 and 3) installed at different angles - for supplying secondary air to the furnace 3, as well as a nozzle 10 (fig. 2 and 3) for connecting to the boiler of the return pipeline of the heating system (not shown in the figures). On the front wall of the fuel chamber 2, a rectangular slot is made in the furnace 3, where the bar 11 (Figs. 1 and 3) of the ash pusher 12 is installed, and in which it makes a reciprocating movement into the furnace C from the drive 13 (Fig. 3) of the pusher of ash 12, installed on the frame 1, which, in turn, is equipped with wheel supports 14 (fig. 1) - for moving the boiler and screw supports 15 - for installing the boiler at the place of operation. In the exit zone of channel 4, a fuel hopper 16 (Figs. 1 and 3) is installed on the combustion chamber 2 and hermetically connected to channel 4, which has a hermetically installed hinged cover 17 (Fig. 1) for loading fuel and shutters 18 (Fig. 3) - to shut off fuel supply to fuel chamber 2.

The heat exchanger 19 (fig. 1 and 2) is hermetically connected to the fuel chamber 2 in the area where flue gases exit from it. The heat exchanger 19 is a rectangular container with water, connected to the cavity of the water jacket of the fuel chamber 2 by O-shaped nozzles 20 (Fig. 3) with 60 flue pipes installed inside vertically along two axes of the coordinate system

21 (fig. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8) with a certain step, while each pipe in its lower part is made in the form of a bell 22 (fig. 6) with an inner radius, and the outlet from the heat exchanger 19 is made in the form of a collector 23 (fig. 1 and 3), with an exhaust nozzle 24, in which a manually adjustable rotary valve 25 (fig. 3) is installed, the heat exchanger 19 is hermetically closed from above with a removable cover 26 (fig. 1 and 3). The heat exchanger 19 is equipped with a cleaning mechanism 27 (Fig. 2), which consists of two frames 28 and 29 (Figs. 4, 5 and 9) installed under the cover 26 with an equal number of turbulators (spirals) 30 (Figs. 4 and 9) in accordance with the location step along the two axes of the coordinate system of the pipes 21 of the heat exchanger 19, each turbulator (spiral) 30 is inserted into the corresponding chimney pipe 21 with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the axis inside the pipe, which is provided by the frames 28 and 29, which are hinged with studs 31 (Figs. 4 and 9), and which, in turn, are hingedly connected to two pairs of swinging levers 32 and 33, and each frame 28 and 29 is connected through studs 31 to two pairs of rocking levers 32 and 33 (fig. 4, 5 and 9), but with one-sided ends, which ensures simultaneous lowering of one frame and raising of the second frame, and vice versa. Frames 28 and 29 balance each other, which significantly reduces the required power of the electric drive used, while rocking levers 32 and 33 are connected in pairs to axes 34 and 35, respectively (Fig. 4, 5 and 9), installed in supports with bearings 36 ( Figs. 5 and 9), and the axes 34 and 35 are connected to the hinge-lever mechanism 39 (Figs. 1, 5 and 9) with the possibility of reverse-rotational movement, the hinge-lever mechanism 39 is fixed on the axes 34 and 35 and attached through the crank mechanism 38 (fig. 5 and 9) to the electric drive 37 (fig. 1, 2, 5 and 9). Turbulizers (spirals) 30 at their upper ends bent along the axis, have, for example, a thread at the end and a stop 40 (Fig. 8), fixed by means of a threaded connection 41, on the frames 28 and 29 with gaps that provide the possibility of rotation around its axis, while the last lower turns of the turbulizers (spirals) 30 (Fig. 6) are pressed without a gap to their adjacent turns, the ends 42 (Fig. 7) of each turbulizer (spiral) are bent to the side of the center and are located in their lower position at the level of the end of the bell 22 (Fig. 6) of the chimney pipes 21. As one of the options for the execution of the useful model, the turbulators (spirals) 30 have a length that, together with the length of their stroke, is equal to the length of the chimney pipes 21, and the lower ends of the chimney pipes 21 are made in the form bells and have an inner radius, and when the turbulators (spirals) 30 are in their lower position, their lower ends coincide with the lower

From the ends of the flue pipes 21. The best results, determined experimentally, are given by the version of the useful model of the boiler, which involves the installation of turbulators (spirals) 30 inside the flue pipes 21 of the heat exchanger 19 with the necessary for reciprocating movement and sufficient for their cleaning from ash deposits by the difference between the inner diameter of the pipe and the outer diameter of the turbulator (spiral) of 0.3-0.6 mm, while the stroke length of the turbulators (spirals) 30, driven by the electric drive 37 of the cleaning mechanism, is greater than the step of winding the spirals. The most effective heat exchange, according to the results determined experimentally, is the variant of the turbulators (spirals) 30 installed inside the chimney pipes 21 of the heat exchanger 19, in which the winding step of the spirals is no more than 0.6 of the diameter of the spiral. From the upper part of the water cavity of the heat exchanger 19, a nozzle 43 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3) is taken out for connecting the supply pipeline of the heating system to the boiler (not shown in the figures). The external surfaces of the fuel chamber 2, which are heated, and the heat exchanger 19 have thermal insulation (not shown in the figures), and on the ash door 5, door 8 of the fuel chamber 2 and the removable cover 26 of the heat exchanger 19, thermal insulation is installed on their inner sides (not shown in the figures shown).

The boiler is controlled from the control panel 44 (Fig. 2).

The proposed solid fuel water heating boiler works as follows. The boiler is connected to the heating system using pipes 10 and 43. Through the exhaust pipe 24, the boiler is connected to the smoke extractor (not included in the boiler), and the smoke extractor to the chimney of the boiler room.

The water jacket of the fuel chamber 2, made with double walls forming a single cavity, and the heat exchanger 19 and the heating system are filled with water. Before starting the boiler, turn on the water circulation pump included in the heating system, turn on the smoke extractor.

In the fuel hopper 16, the shutter 18 is closed, the hinged cover 17 is opened, and a portion of hard coal, used as a kindling fuel for anthracite (in the case of boiler operation on anthracite), is filled in, the anthracite is filled in, the hinged cover 17 is closed.

If coal is used as fuel, coal is also used for kindling. Firewood is placed through the ash door 5 at the bottom of the firebox C, it is ignited, the ash door 5 is closed, the shutter 18 opens 1/3 of the way, and the kindling coal is poured by gravity onto the burning wood in the firebox 3. After ignition of ignition fuel, the shutter 18 opens completely and anthracite (or coal) enters the firebox Z, where it ignites from the burning coal. Fuel

(anthracite and/or hard coal) flows through the channel 4 by gravity into the furnace 3, in which a hill of fuel is formed from it in the form of a prism across the width of the furnace 3, which, after filling the channel 4 with fuel, self-closes its further arrival from the fuel bunker 16. For fuel combustion, the so-called primary air is sucked into the fuel chamber 2 by the exhaust gas through the automatic valve 6. The opening of the automatic valve occurs under the action of the air forcibly sucked into the fuel chamber 2 by the exhaust gas. When the fuel burns, volatile gases are released, which are re-burned in the furnace C with the help of secondary air entering through the nozzles 9.

Combustion products - flue gases are sucked out of the fuel chamber 2 by a smoke sweeper, while they pass through the smoke pipes 21 of the heat exchanger 19, the collector 23, the exhaust pipe 24, and are then discharged through the chimneys of the smoke sweeper into the smoke pipe of the boiler room.

After the fuel combustion has become stable, the temperature of the water in the return (water inlet to the boiler) pipeline has reached the minimum design temperature, the primary air inflow is regulated through the automatic damper b, by changing the frequency of rotation of the smoke cleaner and by means of the rotary damper 25 in the exhaust nozzle 24 of the collector 23. Depending on the need for heat and the intensity of fuel burning, it is necessary to fill the furnace with fuel and remove ash and slag from it. These functions are performed by the ash pusher 12, namely: during the forward movement of the bar 11, which acts from the ash pusher 12 along the bottom of the firebox Z, ash and slag are removed from the lower layer of burning fuel and dumped into the ash box 7, when the bar 11 moves back to its initial position , burning in the furnace Z, the fuel sinks to the bottom, and a new portion of fuel is supplied by gravity from the fuel bunker 16. When coal is burned in the fuel chamber 2, the water in its water jacket is heated to a certain temperature and further, passing through the heat exchanger 19 with the help of O-shaped nozzles 20, it receives additional heat from the flue gases that exit through it, water at it heats up to the set temperature. The water heated in the boiler is supplied through pipe 43 by a circulation pump to the heating system, where it gives off part of its heat and returns to the boiler for heating through pipe 10.

The cleaning mechanism 27 works as follows (Fig. 9). According to the set program, the electric drive 37 is automatically turned on, which, through the crank-connecting mechanism 38 and the hinge-lever mechanism 39, simultaneously transmits the reciprocating motion to the axes 34 and 35, installed in the supports with bearings 36. The rocking levers 32 and 33 are fixed in pairs, respectively on axes 34 and 35, create synchronous rocking movements. The rocking movements of the rocker arms 32 and 33 are converted into reciprocating movements of the frames 28 and 29 with the help of hingedly attached to them and other sergs 31, and at the same time, the simultaneous lowering of one frame and the raising of the second frame and vice versa are ensured. The turbulators (spirals) 30 fixed to the frames 28 and 29 and placed in the chimney pipes 21 also perform reciprocating movements in them and clean the inner surfaces of the pipes from settled ash.

During the operation of the boiler, the cleaning mechanism 27 of the chimney pipes 21 of the heat exchanger 19 works in discrete mode. When the cleaning mechanism 27 is turned off, the turbulizers (spirals) 30 are at rest and improve the heat exchange between the output gases and the chimney pipes 21, when the cleaning mechanism is turned on, the turbulizers (spirals) 30 make a reciprocating movement inside the chimney pipes 21 and clean their inner surfaces from settled ash (soot). The discrete mode of operation involves the time of the specified continuous operation and the idle time of the cleaning mechanism 27. Since the turbulators (spirals) 30 perform a reciprocating movement, one cycle corresponds to one double stroke or one revolution of the crank of the crank mechanism 38. Number of cycles or time continuous operation and idle time of the cleaning mechanism 27 is set on the control panel 44.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. Solid fuel water heating boiler for burning mainly anthracite or hard coal, containing a fuel (fireplace) chamber in which a firebox and a channel for gravity fuel supply are formed, a fuel hopper, a heat exchanger installed at the outlet of flue gases, which is a container with water with flue pipes installed inside vertically along two axes of the coordinate system, turbulators are installed in the flue pipes, which are wire spirals for reciprocating movement along the axis, and the exit from the heat exchanger is made in the form of a gas collecting collector with an outlet nozzle, which is distinguished by the fact that turbulators (spirals) are suspended along two coordinate axes, in accordance with the coordinates and pitch of the location of the flue pipes of the heat exchanger, in an equal number to two or another even number of frames, the frames are hingedly connected through earrings with two pairs of rocking levers, and each frame with connected to one and two pairs of rocking levers, but with