UA78251C2 - Method to grow birch and pine trees - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of temporary growing of pioneer trees (pine and birch) in a pine forest complex (preferably in a maiden subor, B2) is proposed using search fellings while carrying out thinnings and selective cuttings in birch rows of and forming pure pineries with an optimized network of technological passages which ensure access of working elements of forestry machines to each pine in the plantations during felling interval.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to forestry, can be used in the pine complex (mainly in the 2nd fresh tree - Vo) with organized permanent supplies of birch brooms (livestock complexes, baths), harvesting of birch buds (pharmaceutical and liquor-vodka industry).

There is a well-known method of strip lighting (up to 10 years) of 5-10-year-old pine and birch saplings with a strip width of 3-4 m 11. But this method in natural plantations is time-consuming and does not give the opportunity to mechanize forestry care. Cultures must be prepared for future care cuts even when creating cultures. 70 A known method of creating birch-pine crops by links (15-20 pine seedlings, 5-7 birch seedlings) |21.

The given planting scheme is quite difficult for performers when planting crops (you need to constantly count seedlings).

Already during illumination, there is a need to cut down the birch, and the effectiveness of forestry care with this planting scheme is not optimal. A delay in forestry care leads to an advance in the growth of birch and pine enfoliation. There are no conditions for complex mechanization of technological processes, there is no 72 optimized network of technological corridors.

The closest in terms of technical essence is the method of creating birch-pine cultures, in which birches are planted in every 6th row |2). In the first two decades, the birch surpasses the growth rate of the pine |Z), suppressing the neighboring rows of pine. The method does not allow the mechanization of forestry activities. It is impractical to grow birch before the age of felling: antagonistic relations between these breeds are manifested. Birch admixture reduces the productivity of pine trees at the age of maturity by 1095 |4Y. Birch should be cut down during early maintenance felling |6). In the pine complex, it is better to focus on the more valuable species of pine |11.

At the heart of the invention, the set task is solved by a certain rational arrangement of planting places: planting pine trees with 1.5-meter rows and planting steps in each 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, etc. in rows with alternation of the main species with or without a shrub, and in every 3rd row planting of birch with a planting step of 0.75 m and linear felling of the latter not over the course of one year, but over 2-4 years using the exploratory Ge) principle of data felling rows

The method makes it possible to obtain the following combination of silvicultural advantages: a) it opens up the opportunity to realize positive advantages in the growth of birch over pine in the first 2 decades, which is accompanied by suppression of the development of grassy vegetation, rapid recovery of the forestry area of the forest environment, preservation of moisture, and increased stability to insect pests, etc. yu

After completing this task, the birch is cut down at the beginning of the negative impact of the birch on the pine. The restoration of the birch canopy no longer threatens the pine, which, having seized the dominant position in the plantation, is able to independently form a valuable pine plantation; Ge) b) when cutting down 3 thick rows of birches, apply not a template approach to removing rows, but a creative one,

By assigning felling at the moment when the trees of this row merge with the trees of the adjacent thinner rows of pine, preventing the stagnation of the latter; c) the gradual felling of the third rows of birch softens the forestry effect on the plantation, eliminates the need for agrotechnical maintenance in the created optimized network of technological corridors with the aim of preventing turfing, preserves the forest environment, forms a full-fledged assimilation apparatus, and with 50 gradual mastering by trees of the main felling of the feeding area in the forest area; c d) search principle of felling care of the third rows of birch allows to maximize profit at the expense

From" reaching its marketable condition over the course of 2-4 years; e) to increase resistance against the damage of the root sponge, the bark beetle, snowmelt, snowdrift, reducing forest clutter and fire danger.

Examples of specific execution and Example Mo1. Pine nest cultures were created in 1950 in the Lithuanian Forestry of Trostyanetski DLH

Ge | (VLGO "Sumilis"). Observations of the growth of these crops for 26 years (from 24 to 50 years) showed the following |5). When creating cultures, rows of birch trees were planted in 4-meter wide technological corridors. Individual specimens of it were preserved at the age of 24-31 years, which, according to their taxamental indicators of sl 20, surpassed pine. The remaining birch rows at the age of 31 reached the following indicators. Birch trees were characterized by: | growth class - 2bsm, I growth class - 133cm, PSh growth class - Usm, M class - 4cm with an average pine diameter of 11-13Сcm and a height of 1Сm И5). In these cultures, birch was introduced in order to prevent the growth of grass vegetation in 4-meter rows. As the birch played the role of auxiliary buffer rows, which ensured the formation of a stable pine plantation, the birch rows were gradually cut down. 29 The example shows the possibility of successful joint growth of species - pioneers: birch and pine in the age of enlightenment -

GF) cleaning and ultimately returning the benefits of pine. Birch stumps under the pine tent do not give heat.

An example of Mo2. The results of the survey of industrial birch-pine crops in the Sumy region are shown in Table 1.

Test area Mo1. Okhtyrsk DLH, Okhtyrsk forestry, fresh wood - Vo, age - 50 years In the plantation 10 60 rows of pine alternate with a row of Japanese quince 41 rows of hanging birch 41 rows of Japanese quince. Birch and pine grow almost the same, with some advantage of pine in conditions of fresh growth - B 5 (poor subtype) - pine (H-12.8m), birch - (H-12.0m). Japanese quince tolerates pine and birch shading quite well, most of the planted bushes have survived, and some are bearing fruit. The introduction of Japanese quince into pine plantations in rows is impractical and it is better to introduce it, like red oak, in rows of pines. The trial area shows that leaving hanging birch in plantations up to the age of 50 does not give positive advantages at this age over the more valuable Scots pine.

Trial area Mo2. Okhtyrsk DLH, Okhtyrsk forestry, fresh wood - B", age - 50 years. In the plantation, 2 rows of Scots pine alternate with 3 rows of hanging birch. The understory consists of European barberry, woody Kkaragana, mountain ash, Russian mountain ash, raspberry, and red oak. Living above-ground cover: celandine, dioecious nettle, male shield. In these conditions, birch (H-17.2m) is significantly behind pine (H-23.0m), and here it is advisable to give preference to a more valuable species - pine and to grow it at this age stage already without the participation of birch, cutting down the latter during forestry activities at a younger age. Acacia yellow, as you know, is a good nitrogen accumulator, but 7/0 Llisivnykim - practitioners have a rather negative attitude to introducing it into crops due to the growth and cluttering of plantations, its creation of uncomfortable conditions for workers during forestry work.

Test area Mo3. Trostyanetsk DLH, Trostyanetsk Forestry, fresh silver-browed - S o, age - 31 years... Along the perimeter of the forest area, the pine is lined with birch. Understory: small-leaved linden, black maple, common hazel. Living above-ground cover: three-color violet, forest strawberry, pear tree. Black maple, introduced in rows 7/5, has a poor marketable appearance, after cutting care, it regenerates quite well with growth (under the pine canopy). It is undesirable to introduce black maple into crops in rows. At the disposal of foresters are more valuable breeds (for example, hazelnut). The trial area indicates the expediency of planting pine crops with birch along the perimeter of the forest area. At the edge of the forest, birch has advantages over pine in diameter by 3295, in height - by 1595 and performs a certain fire prevention role.

An example of Mo3. In the pine plantations (table Mo2), created after the fire in the Trostyanetsk DLH, the firebreaks are lined with rows of birches. At the age of 9 years, the birch surpasses the height of the pine by 3095, in diameter by 3195, which indicates greater competitiveness of birch than pine at a young age. The example shows that if the rows of birches are introduced in third rows in the universal scheme of planting pine, then one should expect its positive effect on preventing the growth of grassy vegetation in the phase of individual growth of pine plants before the closure of the tent of the crown and the formation of a forest environment. At the age of 9, the birch is suitable for making brooms, which are already harvested here by the residents of the neighboring village of Kamianka. After the felling of individual birches under direct rays and) sunlight, it is well regenerated with steam, which can no longer compete with the neighboring rows of pine. Birch moss falls into the undergrowth, continuing to perform a positive environmental-transforming function in the plantation. One or two brooms worth 1 hryvnia can be harvested from each birch tree. According to p. 2, 2.9 thousand birches per hectare are planted by the declared method. You can get at least 2,000 hryvnias from the sale of prepared brooms for livestock complexes. from one hectare of birch-pine crops. The price of a birch broom in a bathhouse in Kharkov - UAH. Birch buds are used in pharmaceutical and liquor-vodka production. The cost of one kilogram of birch buds is UAH.

References 1. Lavrynenko D.D. The interaction of tree species in different types of forest. - M.: Lesnaya promyishlennost, i- 1965. - 248p. 2. Vakulyuk P.G., Samoplavskyi V.I. Reforestation and afforestation in the plain areas of Ukraine. -

Fastiv: Polyfast, 1998. - 508p.

Z. Honchar M.T. Bioecological interrelationships of tree species in the forest. - Lviv: Higher School, 1977. - 164 p. " 4. Tyabera A.P. The role of birches in cave pines // Forest management, 1979. -Mo8. - P.25-27. shsh c 5. Ryabokon O.P. Modern technologies of growing pine in a pine complex // Forest typology in the conditions of sustainable development of forestry in Ukraine. Materials of the 8th Pogrebnyak readings. -Kharkiv: KHNAU. - 2002. ;" - b. 158-162. b. Bush K.K., Zalitis P.P., Bysenieks Y.P., Krastinsh M.A., Bush H.K. Birch in the pines. - Riga: Zinatne, 1989. - 57 p.

B | 8u 01u6e | July 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111112 from | 00017180 33 5 918001vv e beige 18011195 vo ev vo | me | zve ov vv vav 10411115 z »1vvvo8630100118 i vom 00131111 t 17777715 11111111о311111111111111111в bo Lsh vo

Conventional designations: C - pine; B - hanging birch; Ai. Jap. - Japanese quince; Ak z - yellow acacia; Chk - black maple; Lp - small-leaved linden; Gr - common pear; Lshch. - common hazel.

Table 2

Comparative evaluation of different planting schemes in 9-year-old pine crops in fresh forest - Vo in Trostyanetsk DLH (VLGO "Sumilis")

Breed" | Density, pcs/ha Credit class | Reserve, moga o

Production crops ЖхО, 75 m with rotation in a row with red oak; from | 6012023 |0002010111111111м 1109ю0000102001880060100000011000011102 in 1 vo | 82 11061111

Universal technology: row spacing 1.9 m, each 1, 2, 4, 5, etc. rows with a planting step of 1.5 m with alternating rows with yellow acacia; each one

Z, 6, etc. rows - with a step of planting - 0.75 m and cutting them when lighting; 5 81111в61я44110100001100102 20011111880190 350101 as 177ю0001 10010000

Universal technology without a bush: row spacing 1.5 m, each 1, 2, 4, 5, etc. rows with a planting step of 1.5 m, and every 3, 6, etc. rows - with a step of planting - 0.75 m and cutting them when lighting; that 1st century | zv 10013414 1158 is: NI PI: ZY NE NYA PNO PNO PON SIA NO NO ANS an NAV

Production crops: 2.8 x 0.75 m; Conventional designations: C - pine; Os - aspen; B - hanging birch; Dch - red oak; Ak z - yellow acacia. че ю

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention c (ee) 35 The method of growing birch-pine stands in a pine complex, preferably in fresh undergrowth - M Vo, which includes planting around the perimeter of the pine area with birch, where the pine is planted with 1.5-meter rows, in each 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, etc. in rows with a planting step of 1.3... 1.7 m with alternation of the main species with or without a shrub, and every third row of birch trees with a planting step of 0.60... 0.80 m and a linear felling of the latter, which differs in that , that the auxiliary third rows of birches are "planted on a stump" twice during "lighting" - cleaning each time with search fellings in 2 - 4 years, and at the first reception in the measure - o s closure at the age of lighting with the crowns of relatively thin pine rows, not allowing encroachment pine and its stagnation, and the achievement of the marketable status of the grown products of birch rows. . and the Official Bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated 415 microcircuits", 2007, MZ, 15.03.2007. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. -I U r (ee) ko 1 - Z ko bo b5