UA77732C2 - Synchronous electric machine with a disk rotor - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed synchronous electric machine with a disk rotor is distinctive by its magnetic core, which provides the generation of axial magnetic flux only. As a result, areas with excessive magnetic induction are no present in the machine. The dimensions of the active elements of the machine are defined according to manuals for designing ordinary electric machines. The advantages of the proposed electric machine are its improved parameters, simplified production process, and modular design which provide a possibility to increase the specific power and specific torque of the machine.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used as a generator for 2 autonomous, for example, wind energy installations, as a basic part of a DC valve motor, transport installations, rolling mill installations and other mechanisms operating in dynamic modes.

Valve magnetoelectric motors are known, which have the appearance of multilayer structures with discs alternating in the axial direction, with magnetic and current layers | see Belshy P.N. Problems of designing high-torque multi-layer magnetoelectric drives of disk type. Bulletin of the Vostochnoukrainskogo 70 National University. - 2002 - Mo4. - P.201-2071.

The disadvantages of the known design are related to the need to use expensive highly coercive permanent magnets and certain difficulty in forming the alternating-pole structure of the disk rotor, difficulty in assembly and assembly work.

The closest to the proposed design is an end contactless synchronous machine (BSM), in which the armature winding is placed in radial grooves on the end surface of the annular stator, and the excitation ring winding is fixed in a case with a mild steel magnet.

The main magnetic flux of the machine, created by the excitation winding, is closed through a steel sleeve installed on the rotor with an internal system of radial pole protrusions and an external system of radial pole protrusions united by an outer steel ring (disk rotor). Both the sleeve on the rotor and the steel ring are separated from the body of the excitation winding by additional technological gaps in addition to the working air gaps of the end armature and pole protrusions (see But D.A. , p.133). The design of this electric machine is chosen as a prototype. The prototype and the proposed design have the following common features: - body; c 29 - stator with radial grooves for laying the armature winding; o - disk rotor; - toroidal excitation winding; - a fixed magnet wire.

Disadvantages of the prototype are related to the presence of the radial-axial direction of the main magnetic flux closing path, in which the main cross-section of each of the pole protrusions of the internal pole system must ensure the throughput during the rotation of the magnetic flux from the assembled steel sleeve on the rotor to the radial part of the pole. This feature imposes restrictions on the geometric dimensions of the active zone of the machine, in case of non-observance of which the magnetic induction of the steel of the axial sections increases unacceptably, the steel becomes saturated, the scattering currents increase sharply and the machine's operating mode becomes irrational. In addition, the disadvantages of end machines are related to the possible manifestation of unbalanced axial forces of magnetic attraction and the need to use - in many cases, special radial thrust bearings.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating a non-contact synchronous machine with a disk rotor (BSMDR), in which, by structurally changing the stationary magnetic field of the excitation winding, to ensure the presence of only "axial component working magnetic flux, due to which the sections of the magnetic circuit of the machine with unacceptably high values of magnetic induction are eliminated. The geometric dimensions of the active part of the machine C are selected based on the ratios recommended for conventional designs of electric machines. At

And" this significantly improves the specific indicators of the BSMDR, the manufacturing technology is simplified, and the design scheme of the machine provides the possibility of a modular principle of its construction, i.e. the sequential alternation of the armature module (tooth zone and winding sections) and the disk rotor module (non-magnetic disk with ferromagnetic poles), which significantly increases the specific value of power and torque. and The task is solved in a non-contact electric synchronous machine with a disk rotor, which contains a housing, a stator with radial grooves for laying the armature winding, a toroidal excitation winding and a fixed magnet wire by the fact that the fixed magnet wire is made in the form of external and internal ferromagnetic and cylindrical tubes with with pole tips fixed on a common ferromagnetic base, between which a toroidal excitation winding is located so 20, the armature is made in the form of ferromagnetic non-magnetically connected rods-teeth, fixed in non-magnetic disks, stationary relative to the shaft, and the disk rotor is made in the form of a main disk -distributor of the magnetic flux and intermediate disk rotors, while the first P poles of the whale-shaped form of the main disk-distributor of the magnetic flux are adjacent to the pole tips of the external ferromagnetic cylindrical tube, the second P poles of the claw-shaped form - to the pole tips 29 of the internal ferromagnetic cylindrical tube kill, and each of the intermediate disk rotors contains 2P. ferromagnetic

HF) poles, made in the form of a part of a circular ring, fixed on a common non-magnetic base, and all rotor disks are rigidly connected to the shaft, and the body is made in the form of a set of non-magnetic rods. o The cause-and-effect relationship between the totality of the declared features and the achievement of the technical result can be explained as follows. 60 In the proposed non-contact synchronous machine with a disk rotor, unlike the prototype, the lines of the main magnetic flux are not three-dimensional, which is due to a sharp decrease in the dispersion flux of the circuit, violation of F.5. So, if in the prototype the scattering coefficient K is 551.5, then the proposed constructive scheme of the stationary magnet wire of the excitation winding allows you to reduce its value to

Kb5-1.1-1.15 (here KU-1(FB/FU), FU is the main magnetic flux of the machine). Preliminary calculation of the proposed electric motor with a power of Рн--200 kW, the number of poles 2Р-6 and the value of the main magnetic flux Fe-87.107 Vb; gives the value of the scattering flux Ф5-8.32.107 Вбо, that is, the scattering coefficient Кб-1.096, which helps to reduce the intersection of the sections of the magnetic conductors of the entire magnetic circuit of the machine, to reduce the size of the excitation winding, respectively, to increase the specific indicators of the machine. In addition, the circuit of the closing of the main magnetic flux in only one plane of the tips ensures the selection of the main dimensions, using recommendations from the design of conventional electric machines, in particular, the selection of the main ratio MtIV/tor de, IZ - the length of the active part of the ring-shaped armature core, tporev (l- Da.sr)/2р - the value of the pole distribution of the anchor, which corresponds to the average diameter of the core of the ring-shaped anchor. So, if in the prototype this value is strictly limited to the value ;Х-0.5-0.6, then in the proposed BSMDR it is /-0.8-1.5, which is confirmed by the relevant 70 preliminary calculations. Comparative analysis of the main indicators of a conventional direct current motor (DPS) of the P-111 type: R.-20Okvt; p,-1500rpm; M,-2208 and the claimed machine, which is the basic part of a contactless direct current motor with similar output parameters, gives the following indicators: mass

BSMDR 513 kg; specific moment of DPS: Mud «(Mu (n.m)/ (kg))-1.3Zn.m/kg; in BSMDR: Mud -2.5n.m/kg; moment of inertia dpe: uE5.75Kkg.Mm?, in BSMDR: uU2.9Zkg.m2; mechanical constant DPS: Tmy-0.7643z; in BSMDR: Tu-0.37z; energy losses and when starting DPS: Adah-83000J; in BSMDR: Adakh-38200J.

The given data confirm the promisingness of the BSMDR, which is claimed, because with its simplicity and, accordingly, lower manufacturing cost, its use in the corresponding industrial mechanisms allows to increase their productivity and reduce energy losses in transient modes.

As you know, one of the disadvantages of electric machines with a cylindrical rotor is the impossibility of developing a high-power electric machine at a relatively low rotation frequency, which is associated with an increase in the length of the rotor with an increase in power and, as a result, a decrease in its strength. The specified drawback is absent in the proposed BSMDR, which provides a greater ratio of the diameter of the disk rotor to the length of the machine. In addition, the proposed BSMDR quite simply implements the modular principle of construction of modern special electric machines, in which two structural elements alternate in the axial direction - the armature module, made on the basis of a non-magnetic disk with radially located ferromagnetic (Fo) rods forming a toothed zone , in the grooves of which the sections of the armature winding and the disk rotor module are placed, consisting of a non-magnetic disk with ferromagnetic poles in the form of a part of a circular ring. This provides much better heat dissipation conditions, because the fans are structurally connected to the disk rotors, the general cast body of the machine is replaced by non-magnetic fastening rods, the gaps between which are simultaneously the ventilation channels of the BSMDR radial ventilation system. This circumstance makes it possible to increase Ge) value of electromagnetic loads of the electric machine, thereby increasing the specific values of power and M moment of the proposed BSMDR, with a significant reduction in the complexity of manufacturing.

A non-contact electric synchronous machine with a disk rotor is presented in the drawings, where: and -

Fig. 1 - structural diagram of the machine (longitudinal section); M

Fig. 2 - machine, cross-section A-A;

Fig. C - car, section B-B;

Fig. 4 - machine section B-B;

Fig. 5 - disk rotor elements (axonometry). « 20 The non-contact electric synchronous machine with a disk rotor (BSMDR) contains a stator 1, consisting of a fixed magnetic wire 2 with a toroidal excitation winding 3, armature modules 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and a disk rotor c 9. The disk rotor 9 is made in the form of the main disk-distributor of the magnetic flux 10 and intermediate 1" disk rotors 11, 12 rigidly connected to the shaft 13.

The end shields 14, 15 of the stator 1 are non-magnetic discs mounted stationary relative to the shaft 13 by

With the help of bearings 16, 17. The end shields 14, 15 are connected by a set of longitudinal rods 18, forming the body -1 of the machine (the body is not shown in a separate position in the drawing).

Fixed magnetic conductor 2 BSMDR is made in the form of external 19 and internal 20 ferromagnetic cylindrical tubes (cores) with pole tips 21, 22, united by a common ferromagnetic base in -1 form of a part of a circular ring 23 (pole yoke). In the space between the outer and inner ferromagnetic cylindrical tubes 19 and 20, there is a toroidal excitation winding 3. i95) The stationary magnetic wire 2 is rigidly fixed on the end shield 14. To the pole tips 21, 22 through

Because of the additional air gap bt adjoin the P poles 24 of the keg-like form of the external ferromagnetic cylindrical tube 19 and the P poles 25 of the keg-like form of the internal ferromagnetic cylindrical tube 20.

The system consisting of 2P poles 24, 25 of a cog-shaped form, united by an internal non-magnetic disk 26, rigidly connected to the shaft 13 and an external non-magnetic disk 27, form a disk-distributor of the magnetic flux 10. Each of the intermediate disks of the rotors 11, 12 consists of non-magnetic discs 28, 29, carrying 2P (F) ferromagnetic poles 30, 31, each of which is made in the form of a part of a circular ring. d Non-magnetic disks 28, 29 are rigidly connected to the shaft 13, thus forming, together with the magnetic flux distributor disk 10, a disk rotor 9. c The path of closing the magnetic flux Ф 5 is conventionally shown in Fig. 5 for the corresponding pair of poles of the disc rotor 9.

The anchor modules 4, 5, 6, 7 are structurally identical and contain ferromagnetic magnetically uncoupled rods-teeth 32, fixed in non-magnetic discs 33, 34, stationary relative to the shaft 13, with the help of bearings 35, 36. 65 In the gaps between the rods - with teeth 32 (in the grooves) of each of the armature modules 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, sections of the armature winding 37 are laid, connected by the appropriate connection scheme. The end module of the anchor 8 is pressed into the end shield 15 similarly to the prototype and contains the core of the anchor 38 for closing the magnetic flux F5.

The elements of the disk rotor 9 are separated from the elements of the armature modules 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 by a working gap because:

The proposed BSMDR, like the prototype, can work as a generator, for example, due to its high reliability, in transport installations for power supply of railway cars. When operating in the mode of a synchronous motor, the non-magnetic elements of the disk rotor 9 can be used as a starting cage to ensure asynchronous starting.

Contactless direct current machines - generators and motors - are implemented on the basis of the declared BSMDR. In this case, the non-contact electric synchronous machine with a disk rotor is additionally provided with a 70 semiconductor converter, providing operation both in the mode of the valve generator and in the mode of the direct current valve motor.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention A non-contact electric synchronous machine with a disk rotor containing a housing, a stator with radial grooves for laying the armature winding, a toroidal excitation winding and a fixed magnetic wire, which is distinguished by the fact that the fixed magnetic wire is made in the form of external and internal ferromagnetic cylindrical tubes with pole tips fixed on on a common ferromagnetic base, between which there is a toroidal excitation winding, the armature is made in the form of ferromagnetic magnetically uncoupled rods-teeth, fixed in non-magnetic disks, stationary relative to the shaft, and the disk rotor is made in the form of the main disk-distributor of the magnetic flux and intermediate disk rotors , at the same time, the first P of the quigge-like poles of the main disk-distributor of the magnetic flux are adjacent to the pole tips of the external ferromagnetic cylindrical tube, the second P of the quigge-like poles - to the pole tips of the inner ferromagnetic cylindrical tube, and each of the intermediate disk of rotors contains 2P. ferromagnetic poles, made in the form of a part of a circular ring and fixed on a common non-magnetic base, and all rotor disks are rigidly connected to the shaft, and the body is made in the form of a set of non-magnetic rods. with (ze) u u i - - i" -and -and -and (95) Ko) name) 60 b5