RU2246168C1 - Face-type electrical machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electromechanical engineering; face-type synchronous machines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed electrical machine has frame-mounted wound stator whose effective surfaces are facing two disk-shaped rotors disposed on two ends of stator; each rotor is mounted in antifriction bearings and has disk with pin and bosses engaging frame slots; stator is built of two parts each accommodating self-contained tooth layer potted in compound, distributed winding in the form of winding modules and yoke wound of steel strip, both installed on opposite ends of this disk; disk has alignment collars on both ends for aligning laminations of winding modules; two alignment collars are provided on disks of two rotors facing effective surfaces of stator, and permanent magnets installed in-between have their pole shoes shaped as strips whose sectional area reduces toward ends.

EFFECT: enhanced power characteristics of face-type synchronous machine.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to the design of end-face synchronous machines operating in the generator or engine mode.

Known baseless stator of an electric machine described in A.S. 278836, cl. N 02 K 5/10, published in BI No. 26, 1970. In it, in order to simplify the manufacturing technology, the active part is made in the form of winding modules, consisting of packets drawn from alternating winding conductors and separated by a sheet of ferromagnetic sheet insulation elements, and frontal parts. The packages are installed on the stator yoke using wedges made at the same time as the yoke, which is not technologically advanced in mass production. In addition, the energy performance of the machine is reduced, since the packages are not fixed in the radial direction, which leads to uneven active length of the magnetic circuit.

An end contactless electric machine is also known (Russian patent 2076434, class N 02 K 21/24, 03/27/97), containing two stators with windings, an annular excitation coil mounted on a fixed external magnetic circuit, and a rotor consisting of two magnetically insulated P- pole systems, with the cores of one system made of soft magnetic steel, the cores of the other system made of soft soft prismatic bars, along all faces of which, apart from the faces facing the stators, are attached flat permanent magnets, and the teeth are mouth The holes, which are magnetic shunts for magnets, are located on the side faces of the bars. They are located inside two magnetically soft rings, which are shunts for magnets mounted on the upper and lower faces of the prismatic bars. The concentration of the magnetic field provides, in the authors' opinion, a decrease in the mass and dimensions of the machine.

However, such an electric machine is quite complex structurally and low-tech in industrial production. Placing the field winding on the external magnetic circuit leads to an increase in the dimensions of the machine and an increased consumption of copper.

Closest to the claimed machine is the "Induction motor" (see patent No. 2897387 from 07.28.59, published in the United States Patent Office), (hereinafter - the end electric machine) containing an end stator in the form of a ring and a squirrel-cage rotor in the form of a disk mounted in bearings and facing the stator with the working surface, the latter having many non-magnetic gap-separated poles facing the rotor with working surfaces having a constant axial cross-section, a sheet of soft iron yvaet stator poles, performing at the same time and the role of the motor housing. The winding is made concentrated and placed in the recesses of the poles. The rotor can be short-circuited (short-circuited winding is made in the form of a copper disk or a copper coating on the working side of the rotor) or other design.

The disadvantages of this end-face machine are low energy performance associated with shielding the stator winding with a sheet of soft iron and the presence of a concentrated winding. The design of the winding, requiring its layer-by-layer laying in the recesses between the poles, is not technologically advanced in production. Insufficient fastening of the stator winding in the recesses of its magnetic circuit reduces the reliability of the machine.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating an end-face electric alternating current machine technologically advanced in production with increased energy performance.

The problem is solved in that in an end-face electrical machine including a stator with a winding and a rotor in the form of a disk mounted in rolling bearings, according to the invention, the stator is mounted on one of the two bearing shields of the machine and is made with an autonomous gear layer filled with a compound distributed by a winding in the form winding modules and a yoke wound from a steel tape, a centering belt is made on said bearing shield, on which plates of winding modules are centered, on the rotor disk from the stator side Full two centering belt, between which permanent magnets are mounted, closed pole pieces having a plate shape with a decreasing cross section towards the edges.

Figure 1 shows the end electric machine; figure 2 - winding module.

The end electric machine contains a stator 1 mounted on a bearing shield 2, and a rotor 3 mounted on a shaft 4. The shaft is mounted in bearings 5 of the bearing shields 2 and 6. Stator 1 contains a yoke 7 wound from steel tape and centered on the belt 8 of the bearing shield 2 cars. Distributed stator winding is made in the form of winding modules 9, assembled from steel plates 10 (elementary teeth), separated by layers of wire 11 (figure 2). Layers of wire 11 are wound on the plates in such a way that at the bottom of the plate 10 there remains a part free from winding, used to center the bearing shield 2 on the belt 8. The winding modules 9 are attached to the yoke 7 and combined in a circuit so that they form a distributed three-phase (or with a different number of phases) winding. The stator 1 assembly is filled with compound 12. The rotor 3 (image A, figure 1) contains a yoke 13 in the form of a massive disk of ferromagnetic material. Two belts 14 and 15 are made on the rotor yoke 13, between which magnets 16 are fixed, fixed by the pole pieces 17. The pole pieces 17 have a section reduced to the edges of the poles (Fig. 3) to improve the shape of the magnetic field in the gap of the machine. The rotor 3 is mounted on the hub 18, pressed onto the shaft 4 of the machine. The shaft 4 is mounted in bearings 5 installed in the bearing shields 2 and 6 mounted in the housing 19. Using a distributed winding in the form of winding modules 9 reduces the useful mass and consumption rate of active materials (electrical steel and winding copper), significantly increasing the number of pole pairs machines (get low speeds of 80-100 rpm) and increases the reliability of the machine.

To ensure uniform air gap and improve the quality of the machine, the working surfaces of the stator are machined after installation in the machine body.

The machine operates as follows.

In the generator mode, when the rotor 3 with permanent magnets 16 rotates, a rotating magnetic field is created in the gap of the machine, the lines of force of which, crossing the turns of the stator winding, induce an EMF variable in each phase of the stator. The shape of the EMF is close to sinusoidal due to the use of pole pieces 17 with a cross section reduced to the edges and a distributed stator winding. Permanent magnets 16 are selected in such a way that at the rated load of the generator and its specified nature, the output voltage is equal to the rated voltage. The fixed installation of active packages of winding modules 9 and permanent magnets 16 of rotor 3 on the centering belts, respectively 8, 14 and 15, ensures concentricity of all elements of the stator and rotor, a given active length of the machine, the calculated value of the EMF of the stator winding, and, therefore, the calculated energy indicators machines (including efficiency, shape and magnitude of the output voltage). The use of permanent magnets 16 on the rotor instead of the field winding simplifies the design, reduces the consumption of active materials, reduces operating costs. The frequency of the output voltage is determined by the rotor speed and the number of pole pairs, which is practically unlimited. This allows the direct drive to be used between the prime mover and the generator at virtually any speed of the drive motor. The frontal parts of the stator winding and the space between the frontal parts and the machine body are flooded with compound 12 to reduce noise and vibration of electromagnetic origin, to increase the dielectric strength of the machine.

When the machine is in engine mode, the current flowing through the stator winding 1 interacts with the magnetic flux of the rotor 3 and creates a torque. The fixed, coaxial arrangement of the active packages of the winding modules 9 of the stator winding 1 and the permanent magnets 16 of the rotor 3, guaranteed by installing them on the centering belts (8, 14 and 15, respectively), provides the calculated value of the electromagnetic moment and motor efficiency. The rotational speed of the rotor 3 is determined by the number of pole pairs and the frequency of the supply voltage and may vary depending on the motor size from 80 to 1500 rpm.

Thus, the manufacturability of the machine is significantly increased due to the technological design of winding modules and simplified assembly due to the use of centering belts in the design, and energy performance is improved due to the use of distributed windings, reduction of radial and axial errors in the stator and rotor achieved by the use of centering belts, which says about solving the problem.

Claims (1)

An end electric machine, including a stator with a winding, fixed in the housing, facing the working surfaces to two disk-shaped rotors located on both sides of the stator, mounted in rolling bearings, characterized in that it contains a disk with a pin and protrusions engaging with grooves made in the housing, the stator is made of two halves, each of which is filled with a compound of an independent tooth layer, a distributed winding in the form of winding modules and a yoke wound from a steel tape installed on the azine sides of this disk, with centering belts on both sides of the disk, on which the plates of the winding modules are concentrated, and on the disks of two rotors from the side of the working surfaces of the stator, two centering belts are made, between which are mounted permanent magnets, the pole tips of which are in the form of a plate with decreasing to the edges of the cross section.

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