UA7192U - Method for manufacture of building blocks decorated by natural stone or wooden panels - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for manufacture of building blocks decorated by natural stone or wooden panels involves stacking flat decorative elements on the bottom of the pan and their filling with liquid mortar, holding article up to the setting-up mortar, forming article, moreover, finished article is manufactured in the form of building block, one or several surfaces of which are coated with flat decorative elements, consisting of several fragments each. The sides of flat decorative elements are preliminarily grinded and fitted on to each other, and then they are tightly mounted in the framework-mould and filled with liquid mortar, after hardening of which one or several finished flat decorative elements are placed into the pallet-mould and filled up with concrete, then the pallet-mould is mounted on the vibratory press and subjected to vibration up to the complete packing of concrete, then the drying of finished block under natural conditions is carried out.

Description

Description of the invention

The useful model relates to construction, namely, to the production of facing plates and blocks and can be used in the manufacture of wall blocks with facing tiles from natural or stone from wooden panels, as well as facing with ceramic tiles.

The well-known "Method for the installation of a mosaic coating" (A.s. USSR Mo896216, MPK-3 EO4E15/02, BV Mo, 1982), which includes laying a mosaic carpet on a supporting base on a soluble mixture and keeping the latter until it hardens, while before laying mosaic carpet on its back surface is fixed with the Trats, made of 10 water-soluble material, then the lattice cavities are filled with a dry construction mixture, after which the supporting base is moistened.

The disadvantage of the known method is the impossibility of obtaining a durable finish of the external building block using heterogeneous materials - natural stone, wooden panels or ceramic tiles.

The well-known "Method of making a decorative heat and sound insulation facing panel" (Ass. USSR 72 Mo1783092, MPK-5 EO4E13/02, BV. Mo47, 1992. Before laying, ceramic tiles are heated to 250-28026.

The connection of the tile with a layer of foamed thermoplastic sheet is carried out by pressing under a pressure of 0.15-0.5kH/cm 2. Then the tile is kept under pressure until it cools down to a temperature of 40-502C.

The disadvantage of the known method is the impossibility of obtaining durable finishing of the external building block due to the low strength properties of building products using sheet foamed thermoplastic, especially for products used for exterior finishing of buildings and structures.

The well-known "Method of volumetric and profile cladding of building products with tile materials according to the principle of "self-anchoring" | Passport of scientific and technical achievement Mo29, VNIYNTPI Gosstroy USSR, UDC 693.69, GASITY 67.13.41.1991). The method involves the use of a relief matrix made with parallel with two repeated thrust and inclined faces, the inclined position of which is provided by a steel profile of the corner type. The facing tiles are laid on the inclined face of the matrix with an overhang relative to its thrust faces, - matrices with tiles are installed in a pallet for forming construction products. At the same time, the faced surface is given a relief volume capacity-profile structure, which significantly improves the plasticity and variety of building facades, and the pinching ("self-anchoring") of the upper ends of the tiles increases the strength of their connection to the panel.

The disadvantage of the known method is the impossibility of obtaining a durable finish of the external building block with (is) the use of heterogeneous materials - natural stone, wooden panels or ceramic tiles. "-

The well-known "Method of manufacturing concrete products with a facing layer" (Association of the USSR Mo1783092, MPK-5 v32813/02, BV Moz32, 1991). The method is as follows. First, the forming surfaces of the sides and matrices of the pallet 35 are treated with emulsion lubrication. Then water is sprayed onto the surface of the pallet matrices until a film is formed and ceramic tiles are laid. The tiles are moistened, a layer of mortar and a concrete mixture of the structural layer are laid.

Vibro-drying and subsequent heat treatment of products are performed. Then formwork and surface cleaning are done. "

The disadvantage of the known method is the impossibility of obtaining a durable finish of the external building block using heterogeneous materials - natural stone, wooden panels or ceramic tiles. 20 The closest in technical essence and the technical result that is achieved, and chosen as a prototype, is the "Method of manufacturing a facing plate" (A.s. of the USSR Mo1502411, MPK-4 V832813/00, BV Mo31, 1989). Flat elements of natural stone of an irregular shape in plan are placed in the pallet c and their side faces and non-face surface are covered with a thin layer of methyl methacrylate with a hardener - benzoyl peroxide and kept for a time that is 80-9095 of the time of complete curing, after which the polyester concrete mixture is poured . 415 The disadvantage of the prototype is the high cost of the manufactured facing plate due to the high cost of materials and components. In addition, the plate made according to the prototype cannot be used as a load-bearing building element. - The task of a valid useful model is the development of a new method of manufacturing building blocks with a decorative coating with the achievement of a technical result - increasing the functional capacity of the block with a reduction in price

Logo production.

From The task is performed by the fact that in the "Method of manufacturing building blocks with natural stone or wooden panels", which includes laying flat decorative elements on the bottom of the pallet and pouring them with a liquid construction mixture, keeping the product until the construction mixture sets, unmolding the product, the finished product is made in the form of a building block, one or more surfaces of which

They are lined with flat decorative elements consisting of several fragments each, and the side surfaces of the flat decorative elements are pre-grinded and adjusted to each other, and then tightly installed in the frame-form and poured with a liquid construction mixture, after which one or more ready-made flat decorative elements elements are placed in a pallet form and filled with concrete, then the pallet form is placed on a vibropress and vibrated until the concrete is fully compacted, then the finished block is dried in natural conditions, in addition, the building block is made using foam concrete, and the layer of foam concrete is placed in a vertical plane from the inner side of the block, while the layer of foam concrete is performed in the form of a separate insert or is obtained by pouring foam concrete into a pallet-form using a separating metal plate, which is pulled out after filling the pallet-form with concrete and foam concrete, and the building block is made in the form of half-blocks , angle blocks, blocks with double-sided finishing, and the building block is made with a hole in the upper part of the block with undercuts for grabbing the block by hand, while flat decorative elements are made in the form of one or more tiles of natural stone or in the form of one or more wooden panels , in addition, the flat decorative elements are made in the form of combinations of one or more tiles of natural stone and wooden panels, and the back side of the flat decorative elements is preliminarily applied with a construction mixture in the form of vertical strips, after which the flat decorative elements are set in a form or flat decorative elements are placed in the form-frame and tightly pressed, then an adhesive composition is applied, on which a pre-made plate with grooves, made of fired clay, is installed, which is then covered with a moisture-proof composition, while the front surface of the wooden panels is varnished, and the reverse side - PVA glue with d 10-1595 parts of water by volume of glue, in addition, the adhesive composition is made in the form of cement with sand in the ratio of 1:2, diluted with water and PVA glue in the ratio of 3:1, and the moisture-proof composition is made in the form of cement with sand in the ratio 1:22, diluted with water and liquid glass in a ratio of 1:2.

Essential features of the claimed method, coinciding with the prototype, are the following features: - laying of flat decorative elements on the bottom of the pallet; - pouring flat decorative elements with a liquid construction mixture; - keeping the product until the construction mixture sets; - unmolding of the product.

The significant features of the claimed method that are distinct from the prototype are the following features: - the finished product is made in the form of a building block; - one or more surfaces of the building block are lined with flat decorative elements; - flat decorative elements consist of several fragments each; - the side surfaces of flat decorative elements are preliminarily polished and adjusted to each other; - flat decorative elements are tightly installed in the frame-form and poured with a liquid construction mixture; - after hardening of the liquid construction mixture, one or more ready-made flat decorative elements are placed in a pallet-form and poured with concrete; o, - the form pallet is installed on a vibropress and vibrated until the concrete is completely compacted; - they dry the finished block in natural conditions.

Private distinctive features of the claimed method from the prototype are the following features: c zo - the building block is made using foam concrete; - a layer of foam concrete is placed in a vertical plane from the inner side of the block; The mesh layer of foam concrete is performed as a separate insert; "- - a layer of foam concrete is obtained by pouring foam concrete into a pallet-form using a separating metal plate, which is removed after filling the pallet-form with concrete and foam concrete; in. - the building block is made in the form of half-blocks, corner blocks, blocks with two-sided processing; - the building block is made with a hole in the upper part of the block with undercuts for grabbing the block by hand; - flat decorative elements made in the form of one or more tiles of natural stone; o) - flat decorative elements made in the form of one or more wooden panels; c - flat decorative elements made in the form of combinations of one or more natural stone tiles and wooden panels; ;" - on the back side of the flat decorative elements, a construction mixture is first applied in the form of vertical strips, after which the flat decorative elements are set in a pallet-form; - flat decorative elements are placed in a form-frame and tightly pressed, then an adhesive composition is applied, on which a pre-made plate with grooves, made of fired clay, is installed, which is then covered with a moisture-proof composition; - - the front surface of the wooden panels is covered with varnish, and the reverse side - with PVA glue with the addition of

Ge) 10-1595 of water per volume of glue; - the adhesive composition is made in the form of cement with sand in a ratio of 1:2, diluted with water and PVA glue in a ratio of 3:1; - the moisture-proof composition is made in the form of cement with sand in a ratio of 1:22, diluted with water and liquid glass in a ratio of 1:2.

The following cause-and-effect relationship exists between the essential features of the claimed useful model and the technical result that is achieved.

Indeed, the new technology of manufacturing building blocks with a decorative coating makes it possible to obtain inexpensive, high-quality products without the use of complex mechanisms and machines, as well as without the use of scarce and expensive materials.

The claimed technology makes it possible to exclude the use of expensive plastic masses, replacing them with widespread construction compositions and mixtures, while the resulting finished product is more functional, because it can be used not only for lining internal walls and erecting partitions, but also for external lining buildings and constructions of various purposes, and the finished product also performs the function of a building stone or block.

Achieving the above-mentioned technical result is possible only if there is a set of all 65 essential features set out in the formula of the useful model, in the absence of each of them, the technical result cannot be achieved.

The analysis of the level of technology conducted by the applicant, which includes a search of patent and scientific and technical sources of information, with the identification of sources containing information about analogues of the technical solution that is claimed, allows to establish that the applicant has not identified analogues that are characterized by the entire set of features identical to all to the essential features of the method specified in the formula of the claimed utility model.

Therefore, it can be asserted that the useful model meets the condition of protectionability according to the "novelty" criterion.

In addition, the useful model can be industrially applicable, because the claimed method allows it to be widely used both in individual construction and in small-scale production of various building decorative elements and products. 70 The feasibility of the claimed useful model is confirmed by the following description of its practical implementation.

A useful model is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1 shows the block, top view; Fig. 2 shows a form-frame with clamps; Fig. 3 shows a flat decorative element, rear view, with applied construction mixture in the form of vertical stripes; on

Fig. 4 shows a grooved plate made of fired clay; Fig. 5 shows a pallet-form with installed two flat decorative elements and with a folded side wall; Fig. b shows a wooden plate with grooves, which has a shaped hole, into which a decorative insert made of another type of wood or natural stone is installed.

The method of manufacturing building blocks with natural stone or wooden panels is realized as follows.

First, flat decorative elements are prepared, which can be made in the form of one or more tiles of natural stone, and can also be made in the form of one or more wooden panels.

In addition, flat decorative elements can be made in the form of combinations of one or more natural stone tiles and wooden panels. There are also options with the use of ceramic tiles and/or with the mixed use of both natural stone tiles, wooden panels, and ceramic tiles.

Flat decorative elements can consist of several fragments each, and the side surfaces of t flat decorative elements are preliminarily polished and adjusted to each other, and then installed in a frame-form, tightly rolled up to each other and poured with a liquid construction mixture.

When using several tiles to finish the front side of the block, carefully grind the front surface and those side surfaces of the tiles that will come into contact with other side surfaces of the tiles during the production of the building block. This is done so that there are no seams or gaps between the tiles used for the production of one building block. "-

The tiles are installed in a form-frame with clamps and tightly pressed against each other, which, in turn, contributes to the phenomenon of diffusion (mutual penetration of tile particles into each other). This is achieved by

Moisture protection of the facade surface, and later diffusion will only increase.

Then, on the back side of the flat decorative elements, a construction mixture is applied in the form of vertical strips, after which the flat decorative elements are set in a pallet form. "

For fastening the facing surface to the block, it is possible to use construction mixtures used for laying seams between facing tiles. Currently, these mixtures have the necessary properties for o) their firm fixation on the surface of natural stone. c In the second option, flat decorative elements are placed in a form-frame and tightly pressed, then an adhesive composition is applied, on which a pre-made plate with grooves, made of ;" fired clay, which is then covered with a moisture-proof composition.

The adhesive composition consists of cement and sand with a ratio of 1:22, diluted with water and PVA glue in a ratio of 3:1, and the moisture-proof composition contains cement and sand with a ratio of 1:2, diluted with water and liquid glass in a ratio of 1:2.

Then one or more ready-made flat decorative elements are installed in a pallet-form and filled with concrete, then the pallet-form is placed on a vibropress and vibrated until the concrete is completely compacted, then the finished block is dried in natural conditions. Next, the formwork of the finished building block is made.

The building block can also be made using foam concrete, and the layer of foam concrete is placed in a vertical plane on the inside of the block. At the same time, the layer of foam concrete is performed in the form of a separate insert, or the layer of foam concrete is obtained by pouring foam concrete into a pallet form using a separating metal plate, which is removed after filling the pallet form with concrete and foam concrete.

Han It is possible to manufacture a block with a heat-sound insulation layer of foam plastic with a thickness of 5 Ohm. In this case, the layer of foam concrete will be located on the opposite side of the facade.

Using the claimed method, a finished product is obtained in the form of a building block, one or more surfaces of which are lined with flat decorative elements made of natural stone tiles or wooden panels. 60 If the front (facade) side of the building block is made of a slab or several slabs of natural stone, then several options are possible.

So, for example, when using one slab, it has dimensions of 400x200x20mm, and the thickness of the slab can be less, if several facing tiles made of natural stone are used, then options of 2 or 8 tiles are possible. 65 At the same time, in the version with 2 tiles, tiles with dimensions of 400x150x10 mm and 400x50xx10 mm or with dimensions of 30x200x1 mm and 100x200xx10 mm are used.

When using 8 tiles, their dimensions will be equal to 100x100x1 Ohm.

When finishing with 2 or 8 tiles, decorative natural stone tiles of different colors and shades are used, which achieves a variety of colors for finishing surfaces and the possibility of choosing color solutions. At the same time, it is possible to use different types of stones.

In order to obtain the same gaps (mm) between the finishing surfaces during the installation of the walls, beacons made of silicone glue are applied to one side and the bottom side of the finishing tile(s) of the block. After laying the seams, they will not be visible. This allows you to ensure the safety of the product during transportation.

To expand the nomenclature, the building block can be made in the form of half blocks, 7/0 corner blocks, blocks with two-sided processing.

For ease of operation, the building block is made with a hole in the upper part of the block with undercuts for grabbing the block by hand.

The finished building block can have dimensions of 390x190x140mm or 390x190x190mm.

Let's consider the technology of manufacturing building blocks, which is claimed, in more detail.

The appearance of block 1 from above is shown in Fig. 17, while the block has a rectangular shape, its front surface is lined with flat decorative elements 2. In the upper part, block 1 has a hole C with undercuts for grabbing the block by hand.

For the production of flat decorative elements, a form-frame 4 with clamps 5, shown in Fig. 2, is used.

To strengthen the fastening of the flat decorative element 2 to the surface of the building block 1, several methods of preliminary treatment of the back surface of the flat decorative element 2 are used.

Fig. 3 shows a flat decorative element 2, rear view, with applied construction mixture in the form of vertical strips 6. This is the first option for strengthening the fastening.

Water is added to the dry construction mixture and the solution is brought to the required consistency. Then thoroughly washed gravel is added to the solution and mixed well. The resulting mixture is applied in vertical stripes on a flat decorative element 2, made of facing natural stone. It is possible to use the mixture of the company "Veatih 631 LPeh", which is used for laying seams, which provides protection against possible penetration of dampness or moisture and ensures the durability of the product.

When using a block of 2 or 8 tiles to finish a block, a different method of attaching the surface 2 of natural stone to the concrete of the building block 1 is used. In this case, a plate 7 with grooves 8 made of fired clay is used (see Fig. 4 ). It has dimensions of 330x140x1 Ohm. In this version, the flat Me decorative element 2 is placed in the form-frame 4 and tightly pressed, then an adhesive composition is applied, on which a plate 7 with grooves 8 is installed. The adhesive composition is a mixture of cement and sand (1:2), diluted water with PVA glue (3:1). uh-

Before applying to the surface of the flat decorative element 2 made of facing natural stone with an adhesive composition, this surface is treated with the "VeioKkopiake" product of the "Kpatsshi" company. Instead of the "VeioKkopiake" product, you can use a mixture of gravel and finishing mixture for tiles.

A clay plate 7 with grooves 8, pre-soaked in water, is placed on the solution.

After the solution sets, the clay plate 7 is treated with a solution of cement and sand (1:2), diluted with

WATER and liquid glass (1:2). This coating should provide protection of the adhesive composition and the clay plate 7 from the possible, in principle, penetration of humidity or moisture.

After the adhesive solution has set, which ensures reliable bonding of the tiles to each other, they are pulled out;" flat decorative element 2 from the form-frame 4 and install it in the pallet-form 9 for the production of the block. The surface that will be formed after applying the stripes allows you to achieve a strong adhesion of the flat decorative element 2 with the concrete of the building block 1. - And Fig. 5 shows the installation option on the pallet-form 9, for example, two - 10 and 11 - flat decorative elements 2. The pallet-form 9 has a hinged side wall 12. - The pallet-form 9 is filled with concrete and then installed on the vibropress (conditionally not shown). It is necessary to add 10-1595 PVA glue to the volume of water in the concrete for co-production of the building block.

In the production of an insulated block, the finished blank from foam concrete is installed in a pallet-form 9 for g" production of a building block or a thin metal plate (not shown conventionally) is inserted into the corresponding grooves of the pallet-form 9, which divides the form into two parts, one of which is 50 mm wide .

One part of the mold tray 9 is filled with concrete for the production of building block 1, vibrated, and the second part of the mold is filled with foam concrete, then the dividing plate is pulled out.

Han For the production of building blocks 1 with wood trim, flat decorative elements 2 are made of wooden panels of 13 different types of wood, 400x200x15mm in size. The wooden panel 13 has grooves 14 of a special shape for filling them with concrete (Fig. b). The front (facade) side of the wooden panel 13 is preliminarily covered with varnish, and the reverse side with PVA glue, with the addition of 10-1595 water per volume of glue.

The wooden panel 13 is installed in a pallet-form 9 with rubber gaskets that ensure the safety of the front surface. After pouring concrete into the pallet form 9, the drying of the building block 1 is done in natural conditions.

In the process of installing the wall, it is very important to get the same gaps between the flat decorative elements 2, for which silicone glue beacons are applied to the side ends of the flat decorative elements 2.

In addition to the options listed above for the production of flat decorative element 2, it is possible to produce 65 blocks with a higher level of processing.

In this case, a cutout 15 corresponding to the shape of the insert 16 is made in the wooden panel 13 of the flat decorative element 2. The insert 16 is installed in the cutout of the panel 15, while the edges of the insert 16 and the cutout of the panel 15 are treated with carpenter's glue. If necessary, gaps are sealed, sanded, varnished.

On the reverse side of the wooden panel 13, the insert 16 is fastened with the help of a wooden rail 17 thick

B5mm and carpentry glue. The dimensions of the rail 17 may vary depending on the size of the insert 16.

The insert 16 can be made of a different type of wood than the main decorative panel - a flat decorative element 2. In addition, it is possible to make the insert 16 of natural stone. All this makes it possible to achieve diversity in the color scheme of the entire flat decorative element 2 and the insert 16. 70 It is possible to produce various flat decorative elements 2, which are components of a large image that will be assembled during the installation of a wall made of several blocks. At the same time, an unlimited number of design solutions is possible.

On the basis of all of the above, it can be stated that the task set in the actual useful model - the development of a new method of manufacturing building blocks with a decorative coating - is carried out with 7/5 achievement of the technical result - increasing the functional capacity of the block while reducing the cost of its production.

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Claims (14)

The formula of the invention So 1. The method of manufacturing building blocks with natural stone or wooden panels, which includes laying flat decorative elements on the bottom of the pallet and pouring them with a liquid construction mixture, keeping the product until the construction mixture hardens, unmolding the product, which is distinguished by the fact that the finished product is in the form of a building block, one or more surfaces of which are lined with 60 flat decorative elements, each consisting of several fragments, and the side surfaces of the flat decorative elements are pre-grinded and adjusted to each other, and then tightly installed in the frame-form and poured with a liquid construction mixture , after hardening of which one or more ready-made flat decorative elements are placed in a pallet form and filled with concrete, then the pallet form is placed on a vibropress and vibrated until the concrete is fully compacted, then the finished block is dried in natural conditions. 2. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the building block is made using foam concrete, and the layer of foam concrete is placed in a vertical plane from the inside of the block. 3. The method according to claim 2, which differs in that the layer of foam concrete is made in the form of a separate insert. 4. The method according to claim 2, which differs in that the layer of foam concrete is obtained by pouring foam concrete into a pallet-form using a separating metal plate, which is pulled out after filling the pallet-form with concrete and foam concrete. 5. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the building block is made in the form of half-blocks, corner blocks, blocks with two-sided processing. 70 6. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the building block is made with a hole in the upper part of the block with indentations for grasping the block by hand. 7. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the flat decorative elements are made in the form of one or more tiles of natural stone. 8. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the flat decorative elements are made in the form of one or more wooden panels. 9. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the flat decorative elements are made in the form of combinations of one or more natural stone tiles and wooden panels. 10. The method according to claims 7, 8 and 9, which differs in that the back side of the flat decorative elements is preliminarily applied with a construction mixture in the form of vertical strips, after hardening of which the flat decorative elements are placed in a pallet-form. 11. The method according to claims 7, 8 and 9, which is characterized by the fact that the flat decorative elements are placed in a form-frame and tightly pressed, then an adhesive composition is applied, on which a pre-made plate with grooves made of fired clay is installed, which is then covered moisture-proof composition. 12. The method according to claims 8 and 9, which differs in that the front surface of the wooden panels is covered with varnish, and the reverse side is covered with PVA glue with the addition of 10-15 95% of water by volume of glue. 13. The method according to claim 11, which differs in that the adhesive composition is made of cement and sand in a ratio of 1:22 with subsequent dilution with water and PVA glue in a ratio of 3:1. 14. The method according to claim 11, which differs in that the moisture-proof composition is made of cement with sand in a ratio of 1:2, followed by dilution with water and liquid glass in a ratio of 1:2. with i | | | c F Official Bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits", 2005, M b, 15.06.2005. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. in . and? -i - se) Ko) C; at 60 b5