UA71776A - Thermoelectric generator for producing thermal and electric power - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed thermoelectric generator for producing thermal and electric power contains a combustion chamber, a gas burner, thermoelectric modules installed in the combustion chamber, heat exchange elements designed for transferring the heat of hot gases to the thermoelectric modules, and heat sinks with liquid cooling designed for removing heat from the thermoelectric modules. As the heat exchange elements, the side walls of the combustion chamber and thermal conduction plates are used. The thermal conduction plates have ribs and are arranged at the upper part of the combustion chamber. The gas burner is installed between the side walls of the combustion chamber. On the outside surfaces of the thermal conduction plates, rectangular projections for installing the thermoelectric modules are provided. The heat sinks contact with the cold surfaces of the thermoelectric modules. In the heat sinks, openings for cooling liquid are provided. Additionally, at the output of the generator, additional heat sinks with liquid cooling are installed that are designed for removing the heat of exhaust gases.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the field of energy, in particular to generators of thermal and electrical energy and can be used simultaneously for heating premises and obtaining electrical energy.

Known |1| a gas-fueled thermoelectric generator containing a burner device, a combustion chamber, thermoelectric modules, a radiator for supplying heat from hot gases to the modules, made in the form of a flat plate, and an air radiator with vertical fins for removing heat from the modules.

The thermogenerator is used to obtain only electrical energy, the heat from the modules is removed to the environment by natural air convection. This method of heat removal is not effective. The design elements of such cooling have large dimensions and weight, which generally worsens the characteristics of the thermogenerator. The efficiency of using the heat of hot gases in such a generator is low because the hot gases are discharged directly from the combustion chamber into the environment, while having a high temperature. 19 The closest thing to the proposed invention is a thermoelectric generator |2), containing a burner device, a combustion chamber, thermoelectric modules, which are placed on the inner surface of the combustion chamber in such a way that the hot side of the modules is heated by hot gases, and the heat removal from the modules is carried out by the wall of the combustion chamber and a partition, on the outer surface of which there are vertical plates, the heat from which is removed by forced air convection. The heat generator is used to obtain electrical and thermal energy.

The main disadvantage of the thermoelectric generator is the low efficiency of heat supply from hot gases to thermoelectric modules. Hot gases are discharged directly from the combustion chamber into the environment, so the thermal efficiency of the heat generator is low. In addition, part of the heat obtained during the combustion of fuel is spent on heating water, which reduces the efficiency of the device as a generator of electrical energy.

Therefore, the task of creating an efficient generator of thermal and electrical energy is quite urgent. "

This task is solved by the fact that in a gas-fueled thermoelectric generator, which contains a burner device, thermoelectric modules are located in the combustion chamber, a radiator for removing heat from the modules, the burner device is made in the form of a linear gas burner, a radiator that supplies heat from hot gases to the modules, consists of two flat symmetrical nodes, on the inner surface of which radiator ribs are placed in the upper part, and the lower part is without ribs, are the side walls of the combustion chamber, between which a linear gas burner is horizontally placed; on the outer surfaces of flat symmetrical nodes there are rectangular protrusions on which thermoelectric modules are located, the hot side of which has - thermal contact with the planes of these protrusions, and the cold side - with liquid radiators for heat removal /-(further from the modules; at the exit of hot gases from of the generator, two flat plate radiators are additionally located opposite each other, in the body of which horizontal channels for liquid are made.

Compliance with the "novelty" criterion for the proposed device is ensured by the fact that the declared set of features is not contained in any of the objects of the existing state of the art.

The invention offers a new solution for generators of thermal and electrical energy, which consists in the fact that "the burner device is made in the form of a linear burner, the radiator, which supplies heat from hot C gases to the modules, consists of two flat symmetrical nodes, on the inner surface of which in the upper part, the ribs of the radiator are placed, and the lower part - without ribs, are the side walls of the combustion chamber, between which a linear gas burner is placed horizontally; on the outer surfaces of flat symmetrical nodes there are rectangular protrusions on which thermoelectric modules are located, the hot side of which has thermal contact with the planes of these protrusions, and the cold side - with liquid radiators to remove heat from the modules; at the exit of hot gases from the generator, two flat plate radiators are additionally located opposite each other, in the body of which horizontal channels for liquid are made. - Therefore, a feature that is not found in any of the analogues - "the burner device, made in the form of a linear gas burner, the radiator, which brings heat from hot gases to the modules, consists of two and flat symmetrical nodes, on the inner surface of which in the upper part the ribs of the radiator are placed, and the lower part - I 20 - without ribs, are the side walls of the combustion chamber, between which a linear gas burner is horizontally placed; on the outer surfaces of flat symmetrical nodes there are rectangular protrusions on which thermoelectric modules are located, the hot side of which has a thermal contact with the planes of these protrusions, and the cold side - with liquid radiators to remove heat from the modules, at the exit of hot gases from the generator, two flat plate radiators are additionally located opposite each other, in the body of which horizontal 22 Channels for liquid are made", provides the declared device with the necessary inventive level. in. The industrial use of the proposed invention does not require special technologies and materials, its implementation is possible at existing enterprises of the instrument-making industry.

The invention is explained with drawings.

In Fig. 1 shows a general view of the thermoelectric generator according to the invention, which is connected to 60 panels for dispersing the heat removed from the modules into the surrounding environment. This general view is common to the following variants of the specific implementation of thermogenerators of heat and electric energy according to the invention.

In Fig. 2 presents a vertical section of the first version of a specific implementation of a thermoelectric generator with individual liquid radiators to remove heat from each module. because in Fig. A vertical cross-section of the second variant of a specific implementation of a thermoelectric generator is presented, in which heat from hot gases is supplied to the modules by separate individual radiators, and is removed from the modules by two liquid radiators placed symmetrically.

In Fig. 4 shows a vertical section of the third variant of a specific implementation of a thermoelectric generator with one central module, a radiator for supplying heat from hot gases to the modules and a liquid radiator for removing heat from the module.

The general view of the thermogenerator, combined with a section, is shown in Fig. 1. The generator consists of the following main parts: a gas burner 1, thermoelectric modules 2, a radiator C for supplying heat from hot gases to the modules and a liquid radiator 4 for removing heat from the modules. 70 Fig. 1 also shows a general view of the panel for dissipating the heat removed from the modules, which is connected to the thermoelectric generator. The heat removed from the modules is used for space heating or other purposes.

In accordance with the invention, the first version of the thermoelectric generator (Fig. 2) contains a gas burner 1, thermoelectric modules 2, radiator C for supplying heat from hot gases to the modules, liquid radiators 4 for removing heat from the modules.

The radiator C consists of two flat, symmetrical assemblies, on the inner surface of which are located the ribs 5 of the radiator. Ribs 5 are located in the upper part of the device, and the lower one is free from ribs and are the walls of the combustion chamber. The thickness of the bearing plate of each of the symmetrical nodes is 5-8 mm. A linear gas burner 1 is located in the lower part of the combustion chamber (the general view of the burner is shown in Fig. 1). The burner 2o is located horizontally between the side walls of the combustion chamber, parallel to them and at the same distance from them. On the outer surface of radiator C, rectangular protrusions 6 with a height of 15 to 30 mm are made, on which thermoelectric modules 2 are placed. In order to reduce the influence of the surrounding environment and minimize heat loss, the modules are placed in thin-walled sealed stainless steel containers filled with inert gas.

Individual liquid radiator 4 for each module is a rectangular closed volume. On the inner surface of the volume, which is adjacent to the module, there are vertical plates 7 of the radiator, which end at a distance of 1-1.5 cm from the upper and lower faces. In the center of the upper and lower planes of the radiator there are fittings 8, which are connected by flexible tubes to the fittings of neighboring liquid radiators. In this way, a series-parallel connection of liquid radiators into one liquid circuit is formed. This is shown in fig. 1.

Radiators C and 4, between which the modules are located, are connected with the help of screws 9 and plates 10. Between the Gezo plate 10 and the heat exchanger 4, there is a shock-absorbing gasket 11. The free spaces between the rectangular protrusions 6, liquid radiators 4 and the body 12 of the generator are filled with thermal insulation material (not shown in the figure). uh-

In order to increase the thermal efficiency, at the exit of hot gases from the generator, there are additionally two plate-finned radiators 13 on one side, in the body of which horizontal channels 14 are made for liquid. --

Each of the channels 14 is connected in series to the main liquid circuit formed by the series-parallel connection of individual liquid radiators for each module. Thermoelectric modules with reduced operating temperatures are placed on the outer surface of the radiator 13. Heat from these modules is removed by individual liquid radiators, which are connected to the main liquid circuit. In the upper part of the radiator 13, a smoke pipe 15 is installed for the removal of products to the environment.

Fuel burning. The thermogenerator is equipped with a unit 16 for controlling the operation of the generator, which contains a gas flow regulator, a magnetic valve with a thermocouple, a piezoelectric device for igniting the pilot burner, and a voltmeter. output voltage and switches for connecting an external electrical load. These components are not shown in the figure, as they are standard products and are used for their intended purpose.

The coolant is pumped through the liquid radiators for removing heat from the modules and the liquid panel for dissipating the heat removed from the modules by the circulation pump 7, which is powered by the heat generator. The air required for the combustion of gaseous fuel enters through holes 18 made in the lower part of the housing 12 of the generator. -I According to the second variant of the invention (Fig. C), the radiator for supplying heat from hot gases to modules 5r consists of separate radiators C, individual for each module. Radiators C have different areas,

Sh- and they are placed so that the lower ones have a smaller area, and the upper ones have a larger area. This achieves alignment

F temperatures on each module at the height of the generator. Heat removal from the modules is carried out by two symmetrically placed liquid radiators 4. Each of the radiators 4 is made in the form of a rectangular closed volume, on the side surface of which thermoelectric modules 2 are located together with individual radiators C for supplying heat from hot gases to the module. On the inner surface of the volume to which the thermoelectric modules are attached, there are vertical plates 7, which end at a distance of 1.5 cm from the upper

P and the lower face of the volume. Liquid channels 14 of the radiator 13 are connected in series to each of the liquid radiators 4, which, in turn, are connected to the panel for dissipating the heat removed from the modules.

The thermal generator uses thermoelectric modules with maximum efficiency at different temperature levels, that is, the lower modules adjacent to the combustion chamber have a higher operating temperature and higher efficiency, and the following rows have lower optimal temperatures for each of the modules. Radiators 13 in this version of the invention do not contain modules.

According to the third variant of the invention (Fig. 4), the thermogenerator contains two flat symmetrically placed parts, each of which consists of one central thermoelectric module 2, a finned radiator C b5 for supplying heat from hot gases to the module and a liquid radiator 4 for removing heat from the module.

The liquid channels 14 of the radiator 13, which is located at the exit of hot gases from the generator, are sequentially connected to the radiator 4. The liquid channels 14 of the radiator 13 are connected to the panel for dissipating the heat removed from the modules.

The thermal generator works as follows.

The gas-air mixture formed by the injector enters the burner and burns with the release of heat.

The main part of the heat from the hot gases is transmitted by the ribs 5 and projections b to the hot junctions of the thermoelectric modules 2. At the exit of the hot gases from the generator, the heat from them is additionally removed by the radiator 13. The heat removed from the hot gases by the radiator 13 additionally heats the coolant in the channels 14, which then goes to the liquid panel for heat dissipation. This increases the thermal efficiency of the 7/0 device. Fuel combustion products cooled in this way are discharged into the environment through the smoke pipe 15.

The heat that passed through the modules is removed from them by the liquid that circulates in the circuit: liquid radiators 4 - a liquid panel for heat removal (Fig. 1). In the liquid panel, the coolant gives off heat, cools down and returns to the circuit of liquid radiators 4. The heat removed from the thermoelectric modules is dissipated by the 7/5 liquid panel into the environment and is used for space heating or for other purposes.

As a result of the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides, the thermoelectric modules generate electric current, which is used to power the circulation pump 16 and external consumers of electrical energy.

The liquid panel for heat dissipation can be placed in any convenient place for the heat consumer. 20 The proposed thermoelectric generator allows to simultaneously obtain a thermal power of 3000-3500 W and an electrical power of 100-120 W at a voltage of 12 V. The thermoelectric generator is convenient to operate and can be used for autonomous power supply of radio and television equipment, other household appliances, lighting, charging batteries, etc., as well as for autonomous provision of thermal energy to various consumers, for example, heating residential premises, cottages, garages, greenhouses. 25 1. SKS Naparsok oi Tnegptoeyesigisv / Ed. Bu O.M. Comzhme - Mem Mogk: SKS Rgezv. - 1995. - 701 year 2. Pat. 2166702 C1 (KO), MKY E24N 66/00, Thermoelectric Generator / V.K. Baev, D.V. Chusov, A.D. Frolov, «

Dolmatov V.L., Garanin A.O. (K) - Mo 99122906/06; Application 01.11.1999; Publ. 10.05.2001.

AND

Heat carrier y-oi

ІІІ ча мМХХХХУВУНУТШН ча "-

V - it 42 Levova

S A K-T ha

ZI ibn IA osi savoy o A yu MERA: now She - 1 Av y?

THERMAL GENERATOR PANEL

- And - - and .

Fig. 1. -I 42) 60 b5 combustion products

А-А 14 7

ЙЙ 13 Й: th coolant 519 Й Te x; in shi shi m in in ! with and shk and CHE shk: shchi ore and,

Х 2 о p s ЖД ОВ о air 17 их с г» ! shi - cups -5 16

V i fuel i rya Fig, 2. ts 55 combustion products i 15 14 i 13 What is the coolant

DL:

Maintenance:

She ii dk lo y / that I y / chi

In 1 fuel I Fig. 3. ts 55 combustion products

And what -5-

Gu

12 8. Fr

From UK

F "F. 5

X Kk : Z Ya

And what a strong 25. With « ; z g z o u i- "M 5 i o - coolants (4 ! i . Z s poOvVITOYA pe / Kk 18 395 fuel - ! 1 - -I : - Fig. 4.

Claims (12)

The formula of the invention and and and and and 1. Thermoelectric generator on gas fuel containing a burner device, thermoelectric P" modules located on the inner surface of the combustion chamber, a radiator for removing heat from the modules, which differs in that the burner device is made in the form of a linear gas burner, a radiator that leads heat from hot gases to the modules, consists of two flat, symmetrical units, on the inner surface of which radiator fins are placed in the upper part, and the lower part - without fins - is the side walls of the combustion chamber, between which a linear gas burner is placed horizontally; on the outer surfaces of flat symmetrical nodes there are rectangular protrusions on which thermoelectric modules are located, the hot side of which has thermal contact with the planes of these protrusions, and the cold side - with liquid radiators to remove heat from the modules; at the exit of hot gases from the generator, two flat plate radiators are additionally located 65 opposite each other, the body of which has horizontal channels for liquid. 2. The thermogenerator according to claim 1, which differs in that the radiator for removing heat from the modules consists of individual liquid radiators for each module. 3. The thermogenerator according to claim 2, which differs in that each of the individual liquid radiators is a rectangular closed volume, and on the inner surface of the volume adjacent to the module, there are vertical plates of a flat radiator. 4. The thermogenerator according to claim 3, which is characterized by the fact that the plates of the flat radiator end at a distance of 1-1.5 cm from the upper and lower faces and thus form a volume for the supply and removal of liquid to the radiator. 5. The thermogenerator according to claim 2, which is characterized by the fact that the individual liquid radiators of each symmetrical node are connected to separate liquid circuits, which, in turn, are connected to parallel water circuits that are connected to the liquid panel for heat dissipation into the environment, which is a flat volume with radiators, an upper and lower chamber. 6. The thermogenerator according to claims 1-5, which is characterized by the fact that each of the liquid channels of the upper additional radiator, located at the outlet of hot gases, is connected in series to the series-parallel circuit of liquid heat exchangers to remove heat from the modules. 7. Thermogenerator according to point b, which differs in that thermoelectric modules with reduced operating temperatures are adjacent to the upper additional radiator, and individual liquid radiators of these modules are connected to the main heat exchange circuit. 8. The thermogenerator according to claim 1, which differs in that the thickness of the carrier plate of each of the symmetrical nodes is 5-8 mm, and the rectangular protrusions have a thickness of 15 to 30 mm. 9. The thermogenerator according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the radiator for supplying heat from hot gases to the modules consists of separate radiators, individual for each module, and the radiator for removing heat from the modules consists of two symmetrically placed flat liquid radiators, on which are located modules together with individual radiators to supply heat from hot gases to the modules. 10. The thermogenerator according to claim 9, which differs in that the surfaces of individual radiators for supplying heat from hot gases to the modules have different areas, and the lower radiators have smaller areas, and the upper ones are larger to achieve equal temperatures on each module. 11. The thermogenerator according to claim 9, which is characterized by the fact that thermoelectric modules with maximum efficiency at different temperature levels are used, that is, each module adjacent to the combustion chamber has a higher operating temperature and higher efficiency, and the following rows have more low optimum temperatures for each of the modules, with the upper additional heatsinks containing no modules. - 12. The thermogenerator according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that it contains 2 flat symmetrically placed parts, M each of which consists of one central module, a finned radiator for supplying heat from hot gases to the module and a liquid radiator for removing heat from the module. -- and - Official Bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits", 2004, M 12, 15.12.2004. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. " - with ;" -I - -I - 50 42) P 60 b5