UA69419U - Method to grow winter wheat for dry weather conditions of the steppe - Google Patents

Abstract

A method to grow winter wheat for dry weather conditions of the Steppe provides for soil basic and presowing cultivation, applying mineral fertilizers, sowing, plant cultivation, harvesting. The winter wheat is arranged in a crop rotation after black fallow only, under autumn cultivation NPis applied, the variety Kuialnyk, or Yermak, is sown. If necessary, in spring fertilizing and integrated crop protection against harmful objects are carried out.

Description

The useful model belongs to the field of agriculture, in particular to the technology of growing winter cereals.

A well-known method of growing winter wheat in the arid conditions of the south of Ukraine involves the main and pre-sowing tillage, application of mineral fertilizers, sowing, plant care, harvesting | Netis I.T. Winter wheat in the steppe zone / I.T. Netis -

Institute of Agriculture of the Southern Region of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences; "RYZ" CJSC. - Kherson: Ailant, 2004. - 95 p.|.

The disadvantage of this method is that it requires significant expenditure of funds and resources, but in the current economic conditions obtaining high and stable winter wheat harvests is problematic due to the shortage of material and technical resources in farms. This cultivation technology cannot always ensure a stable grain yield in acutely dry years.

The task of the useful model is to obtain stable yields of winter wheat grain at the level of 4 t/ha with minimal resource consumption in years with different moisture availability.

The task is solved by the fact that winter wheat is placed exclusively on the black pair in the crop rotation, MgzoRbo is applied for autumn cultivation, Kuyalnik or Yermak varieties are sown, and if necessary, fertilizing and integrated protection of crops from harmful objects are carried out in the spring.

The method was developed and experimentally tested in field experiments

of the Mykolaiv Institute of Agro-industrial Production of the National Academy of Sciences in 2006-2008. The soil of the experimental site is southern chernozem on carbonate loess. The repetition in the experiments is three times, the area of the sown plot is 320 m2, the area of the accounting plot - 200 m2. In the experiment Moi sowed 5 varieties of winter wheat - Albatros Odesa (control), Kuyalnyk, Victoria Odesa, Selyanka, Yermak, the sowing rate - 5 million units/ha . Winter wheat was placed according to three traditional predecessors: black steam, corn for silage and winter wheat (stubble).

In the Mo2 experiment, the impact of resource saturation of technology and precursors on the productivity and economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation was studied. The scheme included two cultivation technologies - resource-saving and intensive, on which three predecessors were superimposed: black steam, corn for silage, stubble (winter wheat). Intensive technology, in contrast

Zo from resource-saving, provided for the introduction of the main fertilizer MzoReo in autumn under cultivation, three top dressings (Mao, Mzo and Mzo) and integrated protection of crops from harmful objects.

Chemical protection of crops was carried out taking into account the thresholds of economic damage. Harvesting was carried out by direct harvesting using a Sampo-130 self-propelled harvester.

When setting up research, we were guided by the methodology adopted in the state varietal testing of agricultural crops |Volkodav V.V. Methodology of state variety testing of agricultural crops / State Commission of Ukraine for Testing and Protection of Plant Varieties. Vol. 1: General part / Volkodav V.V. - K., 2000. - 100 p...

The economic evaluation of the results of the experiments was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methods developed at the National Research Center "Institute of Agrarian Economics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences" and other research institutions.

Meteorological conditions during the period of growing winter wheat differed by year, which affected its yield. Thus, 2006 and 2008 were moderately dry, and 2007 was severely dry. The results of variety testing of various varieties of winter wheat (Table 1) showed that in the conditions of the southern Steppe of Ukraine, black steam is an indispensable precursor that ensures the accumulation of sufficient reserves of moisture and nutrients, and therefore the formation of the highest level of productivity. The average yield level of the studied varieties was 3.91 t/ha, which was 24.5 95 higher than the corresponding yield level of winter wheat when it was grown after corn for silage and 27.8 95 - after the stubble predecessor (winter wheat).

Table 1

Economic efficiency of growing different varieties of winter wheat depending on the predecessors (average for 2006-2008) ort of profitability, t/ha 1 ha, UAH. 1 ton, UAH o/ (standard) (standard) (standard)

Selyanka.i 17/11 294 | 32074 | 10910 | 990 | 2912 | 9 yukKk

Depending on the yield level and the quality of the obtained grain, other economic indicators were formed. In particular, the cultivation of winter wheat by black steam was not only the cheapest (on average 914.6 hryvnias/ton), but also the most profitable (net income from 1 ha - on average 1702.4 hryvnias, the level of profitability - 47.6 95 ). At the same time, higher indicators of grain quality were formed, which had a positive effect on the selling price of grain.

The lowest indicators were formed when growing winter wheat on a stubble precursor: the average level of productivity - 2.83 t/ha, the level of profitability 9.1-19.6 95.

It is obvious that this predecessor is significantly inferior to corn for silage, which, in turn, is also not a very desirable predecessor in the arid conditions of the southern steppe zone.

Experimental studies have once again confirmed the economic and agroecological inexpediency of placing winter wheat in repeated crops, since along with the negative impact on the formation of productivity and profitability per hectare of land, there is an increase in the damage to crops by pathogenic organisms (diseases, pests, etc.), which requires additional chemical treatments and is negatively affected as a result on consumer and ecological quality of grain.

The results of the variety test show that the Kuyalnyk variety provided the highest yield and the best indicators of economic efficiency among all the studied varieties (the yield according to the black pair - 4.34 t/ha, after non-pair predecessors - 3.3-3.4 t/ha; net income from 1 hectare - UAH 644-2193; profitability level - 19.6-59.8 9).

The economic evaluation of the results of experimental studies on the effectiveness of the use of alternative technologies for growing winter wheat (Table 2) showed that the use of intensive technology in almost all cases provided an economic effect, which, first of all, was expressed in significant increases in yield (0.97 t/ha by black pair and 1.54 t after non-pair predecessors), which led to an increase in profitability per hectare of sown area to 1915 hryvnias/ha by black pair and to 398-857 hryvnias/ha after non-pair predecessors.

Table 2

Economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation depending on the predecessor and resource saturation of the technology (average of winter wheat varieties for 2004-2008)

Technology In 5. / Expenditures on Cost Cost REAL Income, | shit cultivation yield, t/ha ha, UAH it, UAH UAH profitability, hryvnias technology technology technology technology technology technology

However, it should be noted that black steam, when performing all proper soil cultivation operations, ensures the formation of a relatively high level of yield, even without additional fertilization and the use of plant protection products, especially in years with favorable conditions for moisture.

Thus, the use of resource-saving technology during the studied period ensured the production of the cheapest products (with a cost price of UAH 600.3/t), which even when sold at lower prices due to the reduced quality of grain, allowed to obtain UAH 0.63. of net income per UAH 1. production costs, which by 0.15 hryvnias. more than when using intensive technology. Although it should be noted that along with the indicator of yield growth, the price factor was decisive in the formation of the indicator of profitability per hectare of sown area, since intensive technology has advantages according to this indicator. Comparison of non-paired predecessors among themselves showed low efficiency and even unprofitability of growing winter wheat in repeated sowings.

Thus, in today's difficult market conditions, the predecessor factor and the genetic factor (the use of modern varieties) are the most accessible and effective means of stabilizing grain production and ensuring the profitability of winter wheat cultivation. Cultivation of winter wheat by black steam is not only the cheapest, but also the most profitable; among the varieties, the best indicators of economic efficiency were obtained by the Kuyalnyk variety. The use of resource-saving technology ensures obtaining the cheapest products and the highest level of profitability only when placing the culture on a black pair.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA A method of growing winter wheat for the arid conditions of the steppe, which involves the main and pre-sowing tillage, application of mineral fertilizers, sowing, plant care, harvesting, which differs in that winter wheat is placed in crop rotation From only on the black pair, MzoRbvo is introduced for autumn cultivation, the Kuyalnik variety is sown or Yermak, if necessary, fertilizing and integrated protection of crops from harmful objects are carried out in the spring.