UA66217A - Seed-spacing sowing drill for crop seed - Google Patents

Abstract

A seed-spacing sowing drill for crop seed contains a frame with driven wheels, kinematically connected with a sowing system, which is mounted on the frame, consisting of sowing drills, each of which contains a seed sowing shovel and a rear roller. Each of sowing drills contains a seed bunker, in the lower part of which a sowing module and a shovel are mounted, ánd in front of the sowing module supplementary arranged is a front compressing roller, in front of which a clod remover is mounted. In doing so a rear compressing roller is made as a finger one and in front of it a coverer is mounted.

Description

The invention relates to objects of agricultural machinery and can be used for precise sowing of seeds of agricultural crops (beet, sunflower, corn, etc.) with simultaneous application of fertilizers.

A seeder is known, which contains a frame on which a disc hole former is mounted with the help of a leash, the shaft of which is kinematically connected to the seeding device and the disc, which is located in series behind it, and the disc that loosens, with protrusions (application FRG Mo 2632257, class A 01 C 7/ 04, 1978).

The disadvantage of the well-known seeder is that when using it to sow different crops, it is necessary to replace both the hole-former and the disc that loosens, that is, a complex rearrangement of the entire seeder is required.

The device for sowing grain crops is the closest to the proposed planter in terms of technical essence and chosen as a prototype.

The device includes a frame with drive wheels and a seeding system located on the frame, kinematically connected by a chain drive to the drive wheels, consisting of a seed hopper, from which the seeds are fed into the coulter for their sowing and compaction of the sowing place with a rear roller. (patent of Ukraine Mo 43487 class A 01C7/00; A01 C7/16; A 01 C 7/20, publ. 12/17/2001, Bull. Mo 11, 2001).

The main disadvantages of this planter include the following: - it does not ensure the quality of sowing seeds, because it does not allow sowing seeds into the soil one by one. - in addition, the seeder lacks tracers (markers) that do not ensure the fixation of the edge of the sowing treatment, this complicates the visual control of sowing and thereby reduces the quality of seed sowing.

The task of the invention is to develop a structure that ensures the improvement of the quality of seed sowing due to individual sowing of seeds in the soil.

The task is solved by the fact that in a seeder for precise sowing of agricultural crop seeds, which contains a frame with drive wheels kinematically connected by a chain transmission with a sowing system installed on the frame, consisting of sowing units, each of which contains a coulter for sowing seeds and rear roller for compacting the sowing site, according to the invention, each sowing unit contains a hopper for seeds, in the lower part of which a sowing module and a coulter for sowing seeds are mounted, and in front of the sowing module there is an additional front compacting roller, in front of which a lump remover is mounted, while the rear the compaction roller, made of a finger and a rake mounted in front of it, the front compaction roller, and the sowing module are mounted on a parallelogram suspension, while the sowing module is connected to the blower by a flexible corrugated sleeve and has a flap for quickly emptying the module from seeds.

At the same time, the planter is equipped with right and left consoles installed on the frame, placed with the possibility of ensuring the transfer of rotation through two transmission shafts to the seeding units, and each console is equipped with a rebuildable gearbox with replaceable gears.

In addition, the planter is supplied with right and left markers (markers) with cables and a hydraulic cylinder interacting with them, while each marker (marker) is telescopic.

These signs are necessary and sufficient for the solution of the given task. Design of each seeding unit holding a seed hopper, in the lower part of which a seeding module and a coulter for sowing seeds are mounted, and placing in front of the seeding module a front compacting roller, in front of which a lump remover is mounted, and making a rear compacting roller with a finger and in front of which a rake is mounted, and placing a front compaction roller and sowing module on a parallelogram suspension, and connections of the sowing module, which has a valve for quick emptying of the module from seeds, with an air blower thanks to a flexible corrugated sleeve - allows to improve the quality of seed sowing.

Placing an additional front roller in front of the seeding module compacts the loose soil before seeding, which improves seeding quality.

The clod remover placed in front of the front roller allows you to remove large lumps of earth and stones during sowing.

Performing the rear roller with a finger and placing the hoe in front of it allows, thanks to the precise pressure of individual fingers, to compact the soil above the furrow, and simultaneously press the seeds into the soil.

The rear roller is especially effective in the case of heavy soil that has a tendency to ground and form a surface crust. At the same time, the rake rakes the soil on the seeds that have already been sown.

Placing the front roller and sowing module on the parallelogram suspension allows you to accurately copy the topography of the field with the front compacting roller.

As a result of the fact that the sowing module is connected to the blower by a flexible corrugated sleeve, it allows creating a rarefaction of air in the module, and the seeds in the hopper are sucked to the holes of the sowing disc, and then with the help of a seed remover, they are fed to the rotor blades, the speed the rotation of which is coordinated with the movement speed of the seeder, and individually, with specified intervals, they fall into the furrow, which increases the quality of sowing.

The design of the sowing module with a flap allows you to quickly empty the module of seeds.

Supply of the planter with right and left drive consoles, which through two transmission shafts ensure the supply of rotation from the drive wheels to the seeding units, and also, thanks to the fact that each of the consoles, in addition to the chain drive, is supplied with a rebuildable gearbox with replaceable gears, and the chain drive is interdependent with a gearbox and an output shaft connected through a cardan shaft with a transmission shaft - it is possible to reliably set the specified distance between seeds in a row.

The supply of the seeder with right and left markers (markers) with cables and a hydraulic cylinder interacting with them, as well as the fact that each marker (marker) is telescopic - allows you to easily and reliably fix the edge of the seeding treatment.

Supplying the planter with an air blower allows to create a rarefaction of air in the lower part of the hopper, under the influence of which the seeds are absorbed into the holes of the seeding disc and from there they are fed piece by piece into the coulter with a puller for their planting in the soil.

In fig. 1 - the scheme of the seeder is shown, front view;

In fig. 2 - scheme of the seeder, top view;

In fig. C - kinematic diagram of the drive console;

In fig. 4 - scheme of the sowing unit;

In fig. 5 - diagram of the fat unit;

In fig. 6 - diagram of the drive of the dispenser of the fat unit;

In fig. 7 - auto-coupling device for transporting the planter;

In fig. 8 - scheme of slinging the planter;

In fig. 9 - scheme of the sowing module.

The scheme contains (Fig. 1-2) the frame 1, on which the first and left consoles 2 are mounted, which, through two transmission shafts 3, ensure the supply of rotation from the drive wheels 4 to the sowing units 5, of which there can be either six or twelve, depending on type of seeder. An air blower 6 is mounted on top of the seeder, which creates a rarefaction of air in the sowing units, which together make up the sowing system 7.

Right and left markers 8 (markers) with cables 9 and a hydraulic cylinder 10 interacting with it are installed on the sides of the seeder. Each sowing unit 5 is connected to the blower by a corresponding corrugated flexible sleeve 11. The seeder is also supplied with a self-coupling device 12 for transporting the seeder and a set of equipment sowing control systems. This system is designed to control the operation of the sowing system 7 from the tractor cab (the equipment set of the sowing control system is not shown in the drawings).

Frame 1 consists of two beams of square cross-section, connected by pins. An auto-coupling device 12 is welded to the front beam, on which a blower 6 and a hydraulic cylinder 10 of tracers are installed, and frames for fat bunkers and tracers 8 are installed on it.

Sowing units 5, drive consoles 2 and brackets 13 for insurance are installed on the rear beam on clamps.

Drive consoles 2 (see Fig. 3) consist of a housing 14 on which a re-installed gearbox 15 with variable gears 21-24 is mounted, while the chain transmission 16 is interdependent with the gearbox 15 and the output shaft 17, which is connected through the cardan shaft 18 with transmission shaft 3. On each transmission shaft C, sprockets are installed, from which, by means of a chain transmission 16, the rotation is transmitted to the corresponding sowing unit 5. Pairwise replacement of gears 271 and 22173 and 74 sets the specified gap between the seeds in the row.

Each sowing unit 5 (see Fig. 4) consists of a sowing module 19, a parallelogram suspension 20, a clod remover 21, a front 22 and a rear 23 compacting roller, a coulter 24, a rake 25 and a hopper 26 for seeds, an adjustment handle 27 for sucking seeds, coulter adjustment handle 28 (for sowing depth).

The seeding module (see Fig. 9) includes a body cast from an aluminum alloy, a seeding disk, a seed remover and a rotor.

The principle of operation of the seeding module 19 is as follows: as a result of the rarefaction created by the blower 6, the seeds in the hopper 26 are sucked to the holes of the seeding disk, and then, with the help of a seed remover, they are fed to the blades of the rotor, the speed of which is adjusted to the speed of movement of the seeder , and piece by piece, with given intervals, fall into the furrow. The number of sucked seeds is adjusted using the handle 27, which ensures the presence of one seed near each hole of the disc.

The parallelogram suspension 20 (see Fig. 4) ensures accurate copying of the topography of the field by the front compacting roller, 22 in front of which the clod remover 21, which serves to remove large lumps of earth and stones, is installed.

Coulter 24 (see Fig. 4) has a wedge shape and serves to form a furrow for seeds. Its position relative to the front compacting roller 22 is regulated by handles 28, providing a range of seed sowing depth from 0 to 5 cm.

The rake 25 (see Fig. 4) installed after the coulter 24, rakes the soil for seeds. The amount of raked soil can be changed with screw 29.

The sowing module 19 has a valve 30 (see Fig. 9) for quick emptying of the module 19 from seeds.

The rear finger compacting roller 23 (see Fig. 4) thanks to the point pressure of individual fingers, compacts the soil under the furrow and simultaneously presses the seeds into the soil.

Blower 6 is designed to create a rarefaction of air, which ensures the suction of seeds to the holes of the sowing disk.

Telescopic markers 8 (see Fig. 1-2) (markers) are installed on the ends of the front beam of the frame 1 of the planter and have adjustment of the departure both in the telescope and the beam of the frame. Their lifting and lowering is carried out from the tractor cabin using a hydraulic cylinder 10. The height of the markers is set by changing the length of the cables 9.

The fattening unit 31 (see Fig. 5-6) is designed for applying fertilizers simultaneously with seed sowing and consists of coulters 32 (left and right), two drives 33, power take-off sprockets 34 installed on transmission shafts 3, hoppers 35 with dispensers, frames for fastening hoppers 36, coupling shafts 37 and corrugated sleeves 38 for feeding fat from the hopper to the coulter 32.

Coulters 32 are made in the form of a wedge, which makes it possible to form well a furrow for fertilizers, and are mounted on spring racks, the movement of which regulates the depth of fat sowing. The axis of the coulter has a horizontal shift relative to the axis of the sowing unit by 20-25 mm.

The drive scheme of the fat unit is shown in fig. 6. Revolutions on the drums of the dispensers are transmitted from transmission shafts Z by means of a chain transmission and articulated shafts - coupling 37. In each drive housing, two replaceable sprockets 21 and 2 2 are installed (another two are included in the kit).

Sprockets have a different number of teeth, and depending on the option of their installation, the performance of the unit changes. The drums of the dispenser are grooved, which allows, when rotating, to capture a certain amount of fertilizers from the hopper, and to feed them into the corrugated sleeves 38 of the coulters 32.

The auto-coupling device 12 (see Fig. 7) is intended for transporting planters on the roads of the general network and includes: a beam 39 with two semi-axles, a drawbar 40 with a front support 41 and a bracket 42 for fastening the drawbar. The beam 39 is installed on the rear beam of the frame 1 of the planter between two sowing units 5 (the second and third from the edge) and is fixed on it with the help of a bar and nuts with spring washers. Semi-axles are mounted on the beam 39 and fixed on it by spring-loaded stops 43. Drive wheels 4 (which are previously removed from the drive consoles 2) are installed on the hubs of the semi-axes (see

Fig. 1-2).

Moreover, loading and unloading of the planter, as well as preparation for its operation and maintenance during installation and removal from storage, are carried out using lifting mechanisms. The scheme of slinging the planter is shown in Fig. 7.

The seeder works as follows. Before starting work on sowing seeds, connect the tractor to the seeder using auto-coupling 12 (the tractor is not shown in the drawing). The blower 6 is connected to the tractor, and the hydraulic cylinder 10 is connected to the hydraulic system of the tractor by means of a cardan shaft.

They check the placement of seeding units 5 along the width of the seed drill. Set the necessary step of sowing seeds in a row, by placing the necessary seed gears 21-24 in the drive consoles 2 (Fig. 2).

Setting the departure of the tracers 8. After determining the departure (the distance from the disc of the tracer to the outermost sowing row), the tracers 8 are set to the working position. To do this, the markers 8 are lowered from the tractor cab using the hydraulic cylinder 10. After sowing, the markers 8 are raised by the hydraulic cylinder 10 to the initial position by changing the length of the cables 9.

The seed sowing depth is set, which can be changed from 0 to 5 cm in steps of 0.5 cm.

The compatibility of the sowing disk with the seeds is checked.

With the help of variable stars 21-22 (see Fig. b6), the desired fat seeding rate is set. Set coulters 32 (see Fig. 5) to the desired seeding depth.

Fill hoppers 26 and 35 with seeds and fats. Connect the control panel of the sowing control system to the tractor network (the remote control and the system are not shown in the drawings).

When the seeder moves across the field as part of the machine-tractor unit, the clod remover 21 removes large lumps of earth and stones from the sowing site, and the front roller 22 compacts and levels the soil. Next, the coulter 24, which has a wedge shape, forms a furrow for the seeds. Its position in relation to the front compacted roller 22 is regulated by handles 28, providing a range of seeding depth from 0 to 5 cm in 0.5 cm increments.

The seeding module 19, using the seed remover, supplies the seeds from the hopper 26 to the rotor blades, the speed of which is adjusted to the movement speed of the seeder. Seeds through the coulter 24 piece by piece, with a given interval, enter the furrow. The rake 25 installed after the coulter 24 rakes the soil for seeds. The amount of raked soil can be adjusted with screw 29.

At the same time, the parallelogram suspension 20 ensures accurate copying of the field relief by the front compaction roller 22. And the rear compaction finger roller 23, thanks to the point pressure of individual fingers, compacts the soil under the furrow, and simultaneously presses the seed into the pound.

The fat unit 31 (see Fig. 5-6) applies fertilizers at the same time as sowing seeds.

After finishing the work of sowing seeds, the seeder can be transported to another place of work with the help of device 12.

The seeder, as described above, allows you to improve the quality of sowing seeds.

The invention makes it possible to increase the technical capabilities of the planter, its productivity and can be widely used in agriculture. Cha r and oo and feyayay and v

Her | Also, her p

ХВ И У, хх и дп и MK и г sweat letntya they и (I HO song fe VE EI и chek и SHO Hz sene go retro in retu sovu ster eI ney ev Where "YOU are not NIVY: "MICE: yah "DY sh des po" Z | mo / M Me "SHY i: "DY he odn le NI nyj; Ot Ka

El lk dya I lo Duo - y Z I". 9. I n

Fig 1.

y shchi Mn

M SCHA OO how how

MA U; In be ND

EV girls for zhk

With m! ' | ! ! ; and lava

Te Z- ee en

AN SHINA SCHA KN go "sleep NANNNNNN KN TO IOM No AN FON luchse M Iv; I kt ss: PI OV NV Fi 0 wl shle y - Ye ota cher i-y i po al «g: BUSHA cho 313 10 1 4 2

Fig 2.

C | about | etc

SHE: N xx ( N ' not: what m m

From KN shi drank MNN

MINY CC, 37/18) 117 and 4/16/ 74 22. 21 4

Fig 3.

26 foams one zha t- and for and Also: NIJ, cha

To ST L Re M dit ta Shan y d- Y "0 KD with dr AYU pi A - she o 9), "MYH o S ŽY lie zha du Fk 1 da KO 5 I also z- / dya them from the yarn

BOYU Sal ne shi z i AUB I is gay sake n- VA ZH M dao yo still rah o - y. fs ry MU WE;

I (a u sh--y rev y che "ЭЯ х и г ы ШЧА Гн ы /

Renault Kenif I, dov la i | Lenny F r /

Cl and G-1 railway

FL I! І - «І Ш-4 Dn ny 235 29 4 и 19127 2420) 25 9122. 17

Fig 4.. . 3 ro pi nnio nwnlianinnnnn DY rr spi nnnnnnvodnnnny WHAT

For centuries

Shu nina) Gd currents

Ki 33 y i 3 X Y s 33 Tr Duet melon and x full of you

Shi ne z iy Ye t

I and Zhe tt SD,

A cha or KAtsE from fe otu chel siru is skh --- Mah i vh y d-I a mk shcha Z ssfniyurn i la Bu ! "Sha p- M suden Ya ve Pe -- shko WHAT

І TI І І | IR - and dt, our | | And | And | and | m i sh Z i i, sh o no ; 5-4 write mice that zv) and 51 z/ t

Fig 5.

37 Their r

NO and and and

Because to her

Fig b. 39 43 4 42 41 40 I shk an MA

Ua This is in ee

And I, CHI sh | | | | - - | И, ШЧИ, пе -ШЧ

Fig. 7.

13 no 13 he in fu. Mn ve det Nv o

OKO DE SHE o ee OR that V va

Fig. 8. 26

I AK in the same t

UDte nni g

Fig 9.

Claims (2)

1. Seeder for precise sowing of seeds of agricultural crops, containing a frame with drive wheels kinematically linked by a chain transmission with a frame-mounted seeding system consisting of sowing units, each of which contains a coulter for sowing seeds and a rear roller for compaction sowing, which differs in that each sowing unit contains a seed hopper, in the lower part of which a sowing module and a coulter for sowing seeds are mounted, while in front of the sowing module there is an additional front compacting roller, in front of which a lump remover is mounted, and the rear compacting roller is made of a finger and a rake is mounted in front of it, while the front compacting roller and the sowing module are mounted on a parallelogram suspension, and the sowing module is connected to the blower by a flexible corrugated sleeve and has a valve for quickly emptying the module from seeds. 2. The seeder according to claim 1, which differs in that the seeder is equipped with right and left consoles installed on the frame, placed with the possibility of providing the transmission of rotation through two transmission shafts to the sowing units, while each console is equipped with an adjustable reducer with replaceable gears. Z. Planter according to claim 1, which differs in that it is equipped with right and left markers, markers with cables and a hydraulic cylinder interacting with them, while each marker, marker is made telescopic.