UA64976A - Mushroom vegetatiän greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

A mushroom vegetation greenhouse contains a light arched frame, which is covered with a tent with end doors, and means of lighting and ventilation. Bearers, girth rails and cross-bars of the frame are made of a profile tube and fixed between each other in such a manner as to allow assembling and demounting, and the tent is made of tent semi-transparent gummed tarpaulin of yellow colour with an insert of the same tarpaulin of white colour on the surface part of the tent. In doing so the means of lighting and ventilating are made as prolongued windows covered with protecting valves of the same material from above of the side part of the tent, end transoms on gables thereof and ventillation openings with protective gauges in lower parts thereof. In addition, the frame is provided with arranged therein high-level stacks, each of which is composed of separate sections, which have -like posts with removable supports made as frames with rings to place bags with substrate or boxes with fertile mixture in such a manner as to allow vertical movement, fixation and access thereto from all sides.

Description

The proposed invention relates to agriculture, in particular the greenhouse industry.

Known means of growing plants in the form of boxes /beds/ on stands, which could also be used for growing mushrooms on two levels: on the soil under the box and in a fertile mixture at the bottom of the box, /in the book K. Beckett,

Plants under glass, M., "Mir", 1992, pp. 56, 57/.

The disadvantage of these boxes is that they are placed in the usual conditions of rooms, greenhouses or greenhouses, in which the lighting, ventilation and other parameters do not meet the needs of mushroom vegetation, the favorable microclimate and other conditions for which are significantly different from those of ordinary greenhouses.

Stands and racks in the form of shelves and other devices for placing fertile mixture, pots, trays, etc., in which it is possible to grow plants, are known. They are made of boards, metal products and other hard materials / in the book K. Beckett, Plants under glass, M., "Mir", 1992, p.92, 135, 161, 169.

The disadvantage of these devices is that they are unsuitable for growing mushrooms, the technology of which is significantly different from the technology of other plants that are adapted to the conditions of ordinary greenhouses and greenhouses.

There is a wooden greenhouse, partially sheathed with wooden boards, in which the roof and side walls and transoms are made for airing the plants placed in it, /in the book. K. Beckett, Plants under glass, M., "Mir", 1992, p. 11/.

The disadvantage of this greenhouse is that, despite good ventilation, it is still unsuitable for growing mushrooms, because its frame and coating do not provide suitable conditions for them.

A well-known greenhouse for growing plants, which includes a frame in the form of a closed conveyor belt, suspended on circumferential rollers located at different levels from the ground and fixed on upper and lower beams with the possibility of vertical movement / auto. St. USSR Me1505423, AO109/14,31/02, Byul. Me32, 1980/.

The disadvantage of this greenhouse is that it does not provide for the possibility of installing and fixing bags with a substrate and boxes with a fertile mixture, in which it would be possible to grow mushrooms. In addition, lighting, ventilation, etc. do not correspond to the conditions of mushroom vegetation in it.

There is also a greenhouse for growing plants, which includes a frame, heat-insulating coating and a system for placing plants in it, providing them with the necessary microclimate, heat, lighting and ventilation / auto. St. USSR

Me1676511, AO159/14, Byul.Mo34, 1989/.

The disadvantage of this greenhouse is that the ventilation and lighting of the plants in this greenhouse do not fully meet the needs of mushroom vegetation, and the plant placement system, although complex and expensive, is not adapted for installing bags with a substrate and special containers for a fertile mixture in which mushrooms are grown.

The closest in technical terms is an arch type greenhouse, which has a two-slope awning on a light frame with end doors, also made of awning material / in the book K. Beckett, Plants under glass, M., "Mir". 1992, p. 11/,

The disadvantage of the prototype is that this greenhouse does not have proper means of ventilation and lighting and it does not provide for the installation of the necessary means for growing mushrooms in the form of racks, bags with substrate, various boxes with a fertile mixture, it does not provide for implementation in the form of structural devices to facilitate conditions the work of the service staff, for the convenience of taking care of mushrooms, which require daily careful maintenance, maintenance of all microclimate conditions, lighting, heating, ventilation, etc. at the proper level.

The basis of the invention is the task, taking into account all the main positive and negative qualities of the arched-type greenhouse prototype, to create a new version of the greenhouse purely intended for growing mushrooms, namely: that it should also be light, awning with end doors, but would have the necessary ventilation facilities, controlled lighting is necessary, and the main thing is that in the middle of the greenhouse it would be possible to place as many devices as possible for planting and growing mushrooms of various types, to create the necessary optimal conditions for their cultivation and to ensure a more comfortable microclimate and a higher convenience of maintenance. This was supposed to be achieved through the use of a tent-like, semi-transparent, rubberized yellow tarpaulin material with a white tarpaulin insert along the roof of the greenhouse.

To ensure more controlled lighting of the mushrooms in the greenhouse and their ventilation, extended windows are provided on both sides of the awning and, in addition to the two end doors, ventilation transoms at the highest possible height and lower openings covered with a protective net - all this is overlapped by hinged valves. The main thing is to ensure reliable conditions for the growth of mushrooms from the point of view of their establishment and placement in the middle of the greenhouse, for which removable tiered sectional racks are used with the possibility of vertical movement of bags with a substrate installed on them, or boxes with a fertile mixture.

The task is solved by the fact that in the mushroom vegetation greenhouse, which has a light arched frame covered with an awning with end doors and means of lighting and ventilation, according to the intended invention, the purlins, rails and bars of the frame are made of a profile pipe and fastened together with the possibility of its assembly and disassembly, and the awning is made of a semi-transparent rubberized yellow tarpaulin with an insert of the same white tarpaulin on the upper part of the awning, while the means of lighting and ventilation are made in the form of extended windows covered with protective valves on top of the side parts of the awning, end transoms on its gables and ventilation holes with protective nets in its lower parts, in addition, the frame is equipped with multi-level racks installed in it, each of which is composed of separate sections that have T-shaped racks with removable supports in the form of frames with rings for placing bags with substrate or boxes with a fertile mixture with the possibility of vertical p placement, fixation and access to them from all sides.

The technical and consumer result, achieved thanks to the use of all the distinguishing features of the proposed greenhouse, is that the entire area and volume of the greenhouse can be used more rationally, its production capacity can be significantly increased with lower material costs and more comfortable and convenient working conditions for the service personnel . At the same time, the greenhouse is collapsible and prefabricated and can easily be transformed and transported when used alone or in the form of connected, multi-sectional blocks of any size and dimensions.

The essence of what is proposed is explained by the drawing, where Fig. 1 shows the general view of the greenhouse in axonometry; in Fig. 2 - the same, side view;

in Fig. 3 - the same, top view with holes in the roof; in Fig. 4 - the same, a side view and a cut-out to show the location of the racks; in Fig. 5 - the same, a front view with a rupture of the front wall; Fig. 6 - rack section, top view, enlarged; in Fig. 7 - the same, front view, from the south, with a break in its walls; in Fig. 8 - the joint of the shelves of the rack with racks, the front view of Fig. 9 and the side of Fig. 9; in Fig. 10 - the same, a top view of sections from the left, middle Fig. 11 and right Fig. 12 rack section racks, schematically; in fig. 13-14 - separate and block arrangement of greenhouses fig. 15-16 - schematically.

Specifically, the mushroom growing greenhouse has an arched frame 1, covered with an awning 2 and equipped with racks C for installing containers for the substrate-bags 4 or boxes 5 /fig. 1-7/.

The frame 1 is made collapsible from the profile pipes that make up its purlins b, rails 7 and slats 8, and the awning 2 covering it is made of a semi-transparent rubberized yellow tarpaulin with an insert 9 of the same white tarpaulin located along the roof part of the awning. The awning is a protective covering of the frame. It has continuous transparent windows 10, located in the upper part, transoms 11 on top of the gables and ventilation holes 12, covered with a protective net 13 - from the bottom of the awning. Doors 14 are made on the ends of the frame and the awning. All these elements are covered with hinged protective valves 15 sewn to the awning on top of them in the form of falling curtains made of the same tarpaulin material. Together, they make up the means of lighting and ventilation of the greenhouse /fig. 1, 2/.

The internal equipment of the greenhouse is multi-level /two, three or more levels/ racks, each of which is made up of separate sections 16, which have - similar racks 17 with removable supports in the form of frames 18 with rings 19 attached to them for the delivery of bags 4 with a substrate or boxes 5 with a fertile mixture /fig.3-7/. Racks 17 and support beams 6 of frame 1 are made with the possibility of supports and fixing them on the base for ! ! ! t co. with the help of anchors /or earth anchors/ 20. To fix the frames 18 on the vertical parts - similar to the rack 17, locks 21 are provided, each of which has a flat hook 22 attached to the side of the frame 18, and for such hooks on the racks 17, corresponding rows of holes are made - cutouts 23, provided for inserting hooks 22 into them and lowering them down /fig. 8, 9/. In order for the awning not to sag on the bars, it is possible to use a wire mesh 24, if necessary /fig. 3/.

The double end doors 14 of each greenhouse make it possible to better ventilate and service it, as well as to connect several greenhouses into various complexes if it is possible to assemble each greenhouse from component parts of different dimensions / fig. 13-16/.

The greenhouse is used in the usual way: it is assembled from its component parts, for which we use known, not shown in the diagram, connecting elements, covering the frame 1 with an awning 2 and attaching it to the ground / base /, if necessary, with the help of anchors 20 or earth anchors. Then the racks are installed - their -like racks 17 are installed on the anchors 20, and on top they are attached to the bars 8 /fig. 4, 5, 7/. On each rack 17, its frame 18 is put on from both sides, using locks 21 /inserting the hooks 22 of each frame into the holes-cuts 23 made on the rack 17/ so that each frame makes one tier of the rack, and on it it would be possible to install on each of its rings has 19 bags 4 or boxes 5.

When assembling complexes from separate greenhouses, they are leaned against each other by the end parts, opening the transition door 14 in advance.

Disassembly of each greenhouse is carried out in the reverse order of what was done during assembly.

The technical and consumer advantage of the proposed greenhouse over the prototype is that it can accommodate significantly more bags and boxes for growing mushrooms, if necessary - with their installation on racks 17 racks to the very ceiling - up to 8 bars and at the same time free up a significant area of the greenhouse, which can provide significant economic benefits.

At the same time, it is possible to provide better conditions for the vegetation of various types of mushrooms and for the work of service personnel. The disassembly of the greenhouse greatly facilitates its transformation and transportation, and the possibility of removing and rearranging the racks ensures the use of the greenhouse for another purpose, as a suitable room.

We hope that such greenhouses will find wide use among specialists and amateurs of growing various types of mushrooms with the lowest material costs.

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Claims (1)

A greenhouse for growing mushrooms, which contains a light arched frame covered with an awning with end doors and means of lighting and ventilation, which is distinguished by the fact that the purlins, crossbars and bars of the frame are made of a profile pipe and fastened together with the possibility of assembly and disassembly, and the awning is made of tent semi-transparent rubberized tarpaulin of yellow color with an insert of the same white tarpaulin on the surface of the awning, while the means of lighting and ventilation are made in the form of extended windows covered with protective valves of the same material on top of the side parts of the awning, end transoms on its gables and ventilation holes with protective nets in its lower parts, in addition, the frame is equipped with multi-level racks installed in it, each of which is made up of separate sections that have similar racks with removable supports in the form of frames with rings for placing bags with substrate or boxes with a fertile mixture with the possibility of vertical movement, fixation 1 access to them from all sides.