UA62831A - Universal mobile unit for forming pressed fuel bricks of household waste, of biological waste or of vegetable raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

Universal mobile unit for forming pressed fuel bricks of household waste, of biological waste or of vegetable raw material has a slave two-axle carriage where there are mounted: the loading tank, iron separator, this is made as magnetic rollers, two tanks for collecting separated household waste and metal scrap, mill, furnace with chamber for burning fuel and furnace for placing the waste and mixing with binding substance, press for the waste briquette formation part for the ready briquettes collecting, tank for collection of the liquid phase of household waste and tank with solution of chemicals for the liquid neutralization.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to technologies and equipment for the processing of household or biological waste and 2 waste of plant origin and can be used in the production of pressed fuel briquettes used as solid fuel in furnaces for domestic and industrial needs

There is a well-known installation for the production of fuel briquettes from household waste, which contains a loading hopper and a shredder, where the raw material is crushed to the required fraction. Next, the prepared raw material enters a low-temperature mixer, where it is mixed with a liquid obtained from vegetable waste or 70 inorganic oils. vulcanized rubber waste is added to the same liquid. In the mixer, the crushed waste is mixed with the liquid until a homogeneous solution is obtained. This solution is fed into the impregnation chamber, where the dry granular material is impregnated with it. The impregnated granular material enters an inclined mesh, where the liquid residues are separated from the impregnated material (see application of Japan Mob1-52197 from the class

C101 1/00,5/44 published on November 12, 1986. in Bull. "Tokke koho" Mo3-3105). 12 The main disadvantage of this installation is that it cannot form briquettes of the required size and shape, since its design lacks nodes that could ensure such formation. As a result, the briquettes are of the same shape and size as the granulated material. In addition, in order to obtain a homogeneous solution, it is necessary to load waste with certain properties into the hopper, namely: the ability to dissolve in oils. This imposes some restrictions and requires preliminary waste sorting. The use of vulcanized rubber in the technology calls into question the environmental friendliness of the manufactured briquettes, as well as the possibility of selling them to the population as solid fuel, since a significant amount of soot will be formed when they are burned.

The plant for processing solid household or industrial waste for the purpose of obtaining fuel, which contains the first crusher, the magnetic separator, the first sieving device, the residue 22 of which is sent to the second crusher, is devoid of this drawback. The crushed raw material enters a dryer with a hot air generator, then a gravity separator and a cyclone separator, after which the resulting material is sieved.

Next, the material enters the granulator with a press. This installation is used to obtain granulated solid fuel, the calorific value of which can change at the lower limit when the sizes of the holes of the first and second sieving devices are changed (see application of France Mo2577235 from class C101 5/46, 5/48, VOoZV9/06, -- published on February 14, 1988, in the Bull "ViyiYeip opyisiyev! de Ia rgorgieie ipaizigiene" Mo33). co

The main disadvantage of the known installation is its incredible complexity and bulkiness. Its design includes more than 60 nodes, and the installation itself is mounted in a stationary room and is located on two floors. Fuel briquettes obtained at such a plant will have a high manufacturing cost and, for this reason, can hardly compete with other types of solid fuel.

Also known is the installation for the production of solid fuel, which has a screw feeder for feeding from a hopper wet and containing combustible components of the main industrial waste into screw presses for dehydration, a blade shredder for feeding from a hopper additional industrial waste that also contains combustible components. The outlet openings of the shredder and presses go to the conveyor, which is located orthogonally to the shredder and presses. The conveyor approaches the orthogonally located second conveyor, through which the waste enters the mixer-humidifier (see application of Japan Mob3-39040 from class С10І 5/48, ВО9В3/00, published on 03.08.88 in the Bull. "Tokke koho" M23-976).

With" The main disadvantage of the known installation is that all its nodes are placed in one tier, and the mutual arrangement of elongated nodes (screws) is orthogonal, which makes the installation bulky and unsuitable for transportation in assembled form. In addition, only waste of industrial origin is used in the known installation for obtaining solid fuel, which limits the scope of its application. b These two problems are solved in a technological line for the production of pressed fuel cells from wood waste, in which most of the cells are arranged in several tiers in a vertical plane. In fact, this technological line is structurally made of two raw material supply lines, one of which contains coarse and

So fine shredders. Both lines are connected to a drying unit, a cyclone, an additional fine co 20 shredder, another cyclone, an intake conveyor connected through two necks (with a distributor conveyor The latter is connected to the return line in the form of a cyclone pipeline,

From the hopper of the stacker with the dosing screw and communicated with the conveyor-collector through the neck.

The finished pressed fuel elements are cooled in a special chamber to ambient temperature, after which they enter the packaging unit (see USSR patent Mo1831496 of class C101I 5/44, 29 Ug27M3/16 published on 30.07.93 Zr. in Byul. Mo28). in. The main disadvantage of this installation is the complexity of its design, which is due to the two-circuit circuit, the presence of many feedback loops, separators, etc. Undoubtedly, repeated screening, division into fractions, obtaining a homogeneous mass allows to improve the appearance of the briquetted material, but this indicator is unlikely to be important for briquettes that are then burned in furnaces. Therefore, the costs of producing 60 "beautiful" briquettes are not economically justified.

A simpler, from the point of view of construction, is a device for the production of fuel briquettes from wood waste, which contains a hopper, a gear shredder of waste with an autonomous engine, a grid, a dispenser with an autonomous engine, a conveyor with an autonomous engine, a heat treatment chamber of waste with an inspection window, a pressing device with autonomous engine and distribution grates, a steam generator connected by a steam pipeline to a pre-grating chamber, a pressure gauge for controlling gas pressure, a flow meter for determining the flow of steam, a temperature sensor for controlling the temperature of the waste layer, a cyclone for cleaning the steam-gas mixture, a fan with an autonomous engine for condenser cooling, a filter for cleaning condensate, a filter for cleaning non-condensable gases, a dispenser with an autonomous engine, a press with an autonomous engine, a knife with an autonomous engine for cutting briquettes of the required length, a roller conveyor with an autonomous engine for transporting the cut briquettes to the place of packaging (see Russian patent Mo2046821 from class C101I 5/44, published on October 27, 1995 in Byul. Mo30).

The main disadvantage of this device is that its operation is ensured by nine (!) engines. This not only significantly complicates the design and forces the use of complex control and synchronization schemes for the operation of the 7/0 Units with drives, but also makes the briquette manufacturing process highly energy-intensive, which will inevitably have a negative impact on the cost of fuel briquettes.

All, without exception, the above-described installations for the production of fuel briquettes have one more common drawback: they are designed to work in stationary conditions and cannot, for various reasons, often due to their large overall dimensions, move to the required place, or rather, to the place accumulation of raw materials. But /5 such situations often occur in practice: numerous small enterprises related to wood processing, butter factories, factories that use cardboard and paper packaging, recycling centers, etc.

During the operation of such enterprises, waste appears and accumulates in the form of sawdust, shavings, scraps of paper, etc., but this accumulation is long-term. It is not profitable to have a stationary plant for the production of briquettes on the balance sheet, since it will be idle most of the time. For such cases, it is advisable to have a 2o mobile installation, so that businesses can rent it for a while and return it to the owner. But all the above-described installations can be transported only after their preliminary dismantling, which creates some inconvenience and requires additional costs for subsequent assembly and start-up work.

In fairness, it should be noted that mobile installations for the production of fuel briquettes were known in the first half of the last century.

So, for example, in 1949, a straw briquetting plant was announced, which was placed on two carts, one of which was self-propelled with a hammer crusher, engine, dryer / two "gas generators" located on it, and the second - trailed, with auxiliary units. These include: a hydraulic rod press driven by a gas engine, a gas oven for drying and heating straw and other auxiliary equipment (see copyright certificate of the USSR Mo83748 from class C10I 5/04, published in 1950). - z The main disadvantage of this installation is its high fire hazard, which is due to the use of gas generators for drying straw, the operation of which is ensured by burning the same straw. and,

Since straw belongs to easily flammable materials, the probability of a fire is quite high. co

The second disadvantage of the known installation 5 is the limitation of its operational capabilities: it is intended for the production of fuel briquettes only from straw, but this biomaterial is not the main raw material, especially in populated areas. co

The closest in nature and the achievable effect, which is taken as a prototype, is a mobile installation for the processing of household waste, which is a trailed two-axle cart on which are mounted: a feeding belt conveyor with a loading hopper, an iron separator made in the form of magnetic rollers , slabs, two bunkers; for the collection of separated household waste and for the collection of iron scrap. A jaw crusher is installed in the hopper for collecting household waste, under which a filter press is mounted on a stand, connected to a rotary furnace with a chamber for afterburning flue gases and a filter mounted in the chimney. Fuel for drying household waste and afterburning flue gases comes from cylinders through ;" nozzles Household waste from the rotary kiln enters the twin-screw press, where the binder - liquid glass - is also supplied from a special tank. Waste particles mixed with a binder

They are pressed through a filter to a receiving device. When the specified length is reached, the compressed mass

It is cut with a knife into individual briquettes, which are then placed in a special compartment of the mobile device. In addition, the mobile device is equipped with a tank for collecting the liquid phase of household waste and a tank with a solution of chemicals for neutralizing this liquid, as well as devices for bringing the conveyor into a transport state and

Go! communication pipeline with valves (see the author's certificate of the USSR Mo1716256 of the class E23055/00, published on February 29, 1992 in the Bull. Mob). o The main disadvantage of the known device is that it is necessary to obtain fuel briquettes

To use a special binder - liquid glass. The need to add a binder to waste is caused by the fact that the raw material (raw material) is dried in the oven. Therefore, without a binder, the overdried material cannot be pressed to form a solid briquette. In addition, the use of liquid glass as a binder for the formation of fuel briquettes is extremely inconvenient. First of all, liquid glass is a material that needs to be manufactured and is not widespread, therefore, it is necessary to ensure its delivery to the installation site.

P» Secondly, after burning the fuel briquette, which will include silicates (the main component of liquid glass), ash will be formed. Ash, of course, is thrown into the landfill or applied to the soil as fertilizer. At the same time, silicates do not contribute to the enrichment of soils, they even clog them and do not contribute to the improvement of the ecological situation in the area of landfills.

The second disadvantage of the known installation is that a two-screw press is used to form briquettes, which squeezes a mixture of waste with liquid glass through a profiling filter. Due to the fact that the mixture squeezed through the filter; is in a "softened" state, there is a high probability of breaking the briquette, especially when it is cut with a knife when it reaches the required size. It is possible to prevent the destruction of briquettes 65 in the event that the waste is preliminarily highly crushed, almost to a dust-like or fine-grained fraction. But such grinding requires considerable time and significant energy costs, which is generally not economically justified for the production of such an object as a fuel briquette.

Another disadvantage of the known device is that its design includes a drying oven that operates from an additional source of energy - liquid or gaseous fuel. Since the installation is made mobile, it is assumed that it can be operated in any area, including where there are no gas stations. In the event that the fuel for the furnace has run out, and the installation is located in an area far from gas stations, it automatically becomes useless, since further processing of waste is not possible without drying it in the furnace.

The fourth disadvantage of the known installation is the limitation of its operational characteristics: it cannot process agricultural production waste, especially long-stemmed waste of plant 7/0 origin. This disadvantage is due to the fact that the installation design does not provide for the presence of units for grinding such waste and the use of a screw press, which in such situations cannot form briquettes through a profiling filter.

The disadvantages listed above, which are characteristic of the known installation, collectively make it ineffective, especially when processing large volumes of waste in non-stationary conditions.

The invention is based on the task of expanding the operational characteristics of the installation for the production of pressed fuel briquettes with the simultaneous reduction of the defect of the manufactured briquettes due to the increase in the density of the material pressed from any raw material by changing the design of the press and the technology of drying raw materials in a furnace that uses vegetable waste as fuel origin.

The solution to the problem is achieved by the fact that in the installation for the production of fuel briquettes from biological waste, which is a trailed two-axle cart on which mounted; loading hopper, iron separator made in the form of magnetic rollers, two hoppers for collecting separated household waste and iron scrap, a crusher, a furnace with a chamber for burning fuel and a furnace for placing waste and mixing it with a binder, a press for briquetting waste, a department for storage of ready-made briquettes, a tank for collecting the liquid phase of household waste and a tank with a solution of chemicals for neutralizing this liquid, the crusher is made in the form of grinding rollers with ribs that cut on the surface, which are connected by chain transmission to the feeding rollers, one of which is at the same time an iron separator, and "the chain sprockets of the feeding rollers have a larger diameter than the chain sprockets of the grinding rollers, and also the furnace for placing waste is made in the form of a pipe, inside which a mixing screw is installed, and under which an incineration furnace is placed of fuel, in which a hermetic container with water is installed for obtaining "- from the steam directed to technological pipeline to the furnace for placing waste, above which a hopper is installed for supplying the binder to the specified furnace, while the chimney of the furnace for burning fuel surrounds an additional lifting auger for moving and drying the briquetting mass, in addition, a press for waste briquetting is made in the form of two cooled drums with teeth on a cylindrical surface, the distance between which corresponds to the size of the fuel briquette, and above the drums are installed spring-loaded coils with tape wrapping material, for example, paper. co

Due to the fact that the chain sprockets of the grinding rollers and feeding rollers have different diameters, the grinding rollers rotate faster and tear off pieces from the long biological material, thereby reducing their size. This allows processing waste of plant origin, for example, plant stems, at the installation. "

In the furnace for placing waste, steaming of crushed biological material takes place, as a result of which it is softened and moistened. The auger ensures the mixing of biological material and its movement into the briquette pressing zone. ;" Water-cooled drums form, cool and press the material into briquettes. At the same time, if the particles of the pressed material do not bond well with each other, then the wrapping material is placed between the mass and the briquettes; spring-loaded coils.

If necessary (loose crushed material), a binder is supplied from the hopper to the waste disposal furnace. o The further essence of the invention is explained together with the illustrative material, which shows the following:

Go! Fig. 1 - general scheme of the proposed installation for the production of pressed fuel briquettes (view

From the side); about; ; ; ; . Fig. 2 - the design of the feeding rollers and the crusher; as Fig. 3 - end view of the installation (conveyor not shown).

The proposed mobile plant for the production of pressed fuel briquettes includes a towed two-axle trolley 1, on which are mounted: a feeding belt conveyor 2 with a loading hopper C and a receiving hopper 4. Under the receiving hopper 4, there are feeding rollers 5, one of which is made of magnetic material and performs the function of an iron separator at the same time as the feeding function. Under this roller 5

P" is the plate 6 for cleaning the roller 5 from scrap metal and the hopper 7 for collecting the latter.

Under the feeding rollers 5, a crusher is installed, which is made in the form of grinding rollers 8 with cutting ribs 9. The grinding rollers 8 are connected by a chain transmission 10 to the feeding rollers 5. Moreover, because the chain sprocket 11 on the feeding rollers 5 has a much larger diameter than the chain sprocket 12 installed on the grinding rollers 8. Due to the difference in the diameters of the chain sprockets 11 and 12, the grinding rollers 8 rotate much faster than the rollers 5. As a result of the difference in rotation speeds rollers 5 and 8, there is not only cutting of the starting material (waste or bio-raw material), but also its separation (if the material is long) from the total mass. This, in general, guarantees the grinding of the source material. 65 A hopper 13 for collecting separated waste is installed under the grinding rollers 8. The lower opening of the hopper 13 is adjacent to the tubular furnace 14 for placing waste. A horizontal auger 15 is located inside the tubular furnace for mixing and moving waste along the furnace 14.

Near the hopper 13 is the process pipeline 16, the purpose of which will be shown below, and the hopper 17 for supplying the binding material to the tubular furnace 14.

A horizontal furnace 18 for burning fuel is located under the tubular furnace 14 for placing waste. In this furnace 18, a hermetic container 19 with water is installed for obtaining steam, which is supplied to the tubular furnace 14 through the process pipeline 16.

The chimney 20 of the horizontal furnace 18 is made inclined and inside it is placed an inclined pipe 21 with an inclined auger 22, which is connected to the horizontal auger 15 by means of a flexible hinge 23 (flexible connection) 70 of any known design. The flexible joint 23 enables simultaneous rotation of two screws 15 and 22 in two planes using only one drive 24.

Under the outlet 25 of the inclined pipe 21, spring-loaded coils 26 with tape wrapping material 27 are installed. Due to the fact that the coils 26 are spring-loaded, the tape material 27 is always in a tensioned state.

Under the spring-loaded coils 26 is a press for briquetting waste, which is made in the form of two water-cooled drums 28 with teeth 29, the size of which is equal to half the thickness of the fuel briquette 30. The drums 26 are made in the form of hollow cylinders filled with water.

An inclined chute 31 is placed below the drums 28 for directing the finished fuel briquettes 30 into the compartment 32 for their storage.

The installation has a tank 33 for collecting the liquid phase of household waste and a tank 34 with a solution of chemicals to neutralize this liquid.

The principle of operation of the proposed mobile unit for the production of pressed fuel briquettes is as follows.

First, the installation is transported using any vehicle to the place of accumulation of household waste or agricultural waste - plant stems, that is, to the place of their processing. After the installation is placed and prepared for work, its operation begins. "

Preparing the installation for work consists in connecting it to the power grid, loading the furnace 18 with fuel and igniting the latter. As fuel, it is advisable to use the combustible part of waste, firewood, sawdust and any other available material suitable for use as fuel. After heating the furnace 18 and boiling the water in the hermetic container 19, the installation will be ready for operation.

Next, the waste is loaded into the loading hopper 3, which, with the help of a belt conveyor 2, moves up and enters the receiving hopper 4. Under the influence of its own weight, the waste falls to the bottom of the receiving hopper 4 and rests against the feeding rollers 5. When the rollers 5 rotate, the waste is "pulled" into the gap between them and forcibly moves down into the area where the crusher is located. Since one of the rollers 5c is made of a magnetic material, for example, a permanent magnet or an internal electromagnet, the designs of which are various and well-known, metal inclusions that may be in the waste, under the action of magnetic forces, stick to the cylindrical surface of the magnetic roller 5, separating them from waste. The rotating magnetic roller 5 moves the scrap metal to the plate 6, where it is automatically mechanically removed from the surface of the roller 5, for example, by an ordinary scraper (due to common knowledge, not shown in the figures) and "gets into the hopper 7. The combination of the functions of the roller 5 (moving waste and iron separator ) allows you to simplify the design of the installation and reduce the number of electric drives. . After passing through the gap between the rollers 5, the waste enters the crusher, made in the form of grinding and rollers 8. Due to the fact that there are cutting ribs 9 with sharp edges on the surface of the grinding rollers 8, the waste is crushed in two ways: long waste, held in the gap between the feeding rollers 5, is captured from below and partially cut ribs 9 and simply come off in pieces.

These pieces fall between the grinding rollers 8, where they are further cut into smaller fractions by the sharp edges of the cutting ribs 9. Detachment of parts of long waste is possible because the rotation speed of the grinding rollers 8 is much higher than the rotation speed of the feeding rollers 5. So,

Go! long waste moves down in the gap between the feeding rollers 5, much more slowly than they would move between the grinding rollers 8. The difference in the rotation speeds of the feeding rollers 5 and the grinding rollers 8 is provided by the difference in the diameters of the sprockets 11 and 12, respectively. Besides

Kk chain transmission 10 allows with the help of one drive 35 to ensure the rotation of two units of the installation at the same time, and this, again, allows to reduce the number of electric drives in the proposed installation.

Shredded (separated) waste enters the hopper 13 for their collection and further into the tubular furnace 14.

Inside the furnace 14, an auger 15 is installed, which, rotating, mixes the crushed waste and moves it along the tubular furnace 14. Steam is supplied to the same tubular furnace 14 through the technological pipeline 16, which

P simultaneously heats and wets the waste. This combination of functions of the heat carrier also allows to simplify the design of the installation.

Steam is produced as a result of heating water in a hermetic container 19 located in a furnace 18 for burning fuel. Since this furnace 18 is located directly under the tubular furnace 14, the waste in the latter is additionally heated. Combining the functions of the furnace 18 for burning fuel, namely: additional heating of the furnace 14 and heating of water in a sealed container 19 also allows to simplify the design of the installation. In addition, the furnace 18 uses the same waste as fuel, therefore, there is no need to equip the installation with additional tanks with liquid or gaseous fuel, which also contributes to the simplification of the design of the installation, 65 to the reduction of the complexity of its maintenance and cost in general.

A hopper 17 for binder is placed above the tubular furnace 14 for moving waste. River silt, clay or wax is used as a binder. All the listed materials used as a binder are of natural origin and environmentally safe. After burning fuel briquettes, this binder does not harm the environment.

A binder is added to the waste as needed. For example, if fuel briquettes are made from sawdust of coniferous wood, then there is no need for a binder at all. When steaming coniferous dustings, resin is released from them, which has good adhesive properties, and therefore is an excellent binder.

Thus, the waste in the tubular furnace 14 is steamed, mixed with the binder and moved by the auger 7/0 15 along the body of the furnace 14. The end of the tubular furnace 14 is adjacent to the inclined pipe 21, in which the inclined auger 22 is installed, which is connected to the horizontal screw 15 with the help of a flexible hinge 23. When rotating the horizontal screw 15, thanks to the flexible hinge 23, which can be made in the form of a piece of rubber pipe, the inclined screw 22 also rotates. Therefore, the moistened and mixed waste from the furnace 14 will enter the inclined pipe 11 21 and, with the help of an inclined auger 22, move up. The flexible joint 23 provides rotation /5 of two screws 15 and 22 in two planes with the help of one drive 24, which simplifies the design of the installation and its maintenance.

The inclined pipe 21 is placed inside the chimney 20 of the horizontal furnace 18 for burning fuel.

Making the chimney 20 tilted upwards ensures that gaseous combustion products exit the furnace 18 in a natural way. Since the gaseous products of fuel combustion have a high temperature, and the inclined pipe 21 2o is located inside the chimney 20, the waste in it continues to heat up. Placing a portion of the waste transfer line in the chimney 20 allows the heat generated in the furnace 18 to be utilized and thereby reduce the overall length of both the horizontal furnace 18 and the waste transfer furnace 14. This makes it possible to reduce the overall dimensions of the installation, in particular, its length.

The outlet 25 of the inclined pipe 21 faces down. Therefore, the waste, prepared for briquetting, from the inclined pipe 21 with uniform gluing and crushed mass enters the press for compaction, which is located under the outlet. The press for forming fuel briquettes ZO is made in the form of two water-cooled drums 28. Structurally, the drums 28 are made in the form of hollow cylinders filled partially or completely with water. The width of these cylinders corresponds to the width of the fuel briquettes. On the outer surface of the cylinders, teeth 29 are made, the height of which is equal to half the thickness of the fuel briquette 30. When the drums 28 rotate, in the gaps -/- where between the teeth 29, the fuel briquette 30 is formed and the briquetting mass is compacted. Due to the fact that the drums 28 have a low surface temperature (due to water cooling), in the process of pressing and waste, their cooling takes place, which leads to the hardening of the binder. Thus, the resulting briquette 30 has a dense body, in which the waste is securely fastened with a hardened binder.

In cases where it is impossible to achieve unity of mass of fuel briquette ZO by pressing (that is, it can fall apart in parts), it is advisable to place the pressed mass in a shell made of paper or fabric mesh. "at

For this purpose, two spring-loaded coils 26 are installed above the drums 28 on both sides of the outlet opening 25, on which the tape wrapping material 27 is wound. The ends of this tape material 27 are inserted into the gap between the drums 28. During the rotation of the drums 28, the briquetting mass falls between the tape material 27 and, during compaction of the mass, sticks to its surface (in the process of compression of waste 12, the binder is squeezed onto the surface and wets the tape material 27) and the finished briquette 30 with c turns out to be wrapped, which excludes its disintegration on the part , that is, its quality increases.

The finished fuel briquettes 30, under the influence of their own weight, fall into the inclined chute 31, which transfers them from vertical position is horizontal and directs to compartment 32 for storage.

The essential difference between the object of the claimed invention and the previously known ones is that the crusher is installed in the form of grinding rollers with cutting edges, which with the help of a variable-speed

The chain drive gears are connected to the feed rollers, in that the feed screw and the inclined screw are connected by a flexible connection, in that the inclined waste transfer pipe is located in the chimney, and also in that , that the press is made in the form of drums, cooled by water, with teeth on the surface that provide

Go! forming and pressing fuel briquettes of the required size. The specified differences together allow

Reduce the number of electric drives by combining the operation of installation nodes with chain and flexible connections, reduce the size of furnaces by using combustion products as an additional heat carrier

Kc of fuel and reduce the cooling time of the briquettes, combining this with pressing, which, in general, allows you to reduce the time of making fuel briquettes. None of the known installations for the production of fuel briquettes can have the noted properties, since autonomous drives are used for the operation of their nodes, gaseous or liquid fuel is required for heating the waste, and the cooling of the briquetting mass occurs naturally. In addition, in known installations there is no possibility, due to their design features,

P" to dispose of the heat of fuel combustion products: it is simply released into the atmosphere.

The technical advantages of the proposed installation for the production of pressed fuel briquettes, in comparison with the prototype, include the following: in - versatility due to the possibility of processing both household waste and long-term residues of plant origin, due to the fact that the installation is supplied with a material shredder, the speed of which significantly exceeds the speed of linear movement of waste; - low energy consumption due to the absence of part of electric drives, due to the combination of functions of the latter; 65 - reduction of briquette cooling time due to the fact that the pressing drums are cooled by water;

- ensuring the monolithic form of the fuel briquette by placing it in the wrapping material and forming the body of the briquette by compression, and not by pushing it through filters; - absence of gaseous or liquid energy sources for the operation of the furnace due to the fact that recycled waste is used for this purpose; - maximum use of the thermal energy of the burning fuel due to the utilization of the heat of combustion products moving in the chimney; - reducing overall dimensions of furnaces for the same reason; - mobility of the installation: it can be operated in any area and process waste 70 of any kind.

The social effect of the implementation of the invention, in comparison with the use of the prototype, is obtained due to the high quality of fuel briquettes, which, when burned, do not produce substances that pollute the environment, as well as due to the simplification of installation maintenance.

The economic effect of the use of the invention, in comparison with the use of the prototype, is obtained by /5 due to a decrease in the cost of the installation (fewer electric drives, smaller dimensions) and due to a decrease in the cost of fuel briquettes (reduction in the energy intensity of the technological process).

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention , , , , , Universal mobile installation for the production of pressed fuel briquettes from household waste, from biological waste or from vegetable raw materials, which contains a trailed two-axle cart, on which are mounted: a loading hopper, an iron separator made in the form of magnetic rollers, two hoppers for the collection of separated household waste and iron scrap, a crusher, a furnace with a chamber for burning fuel and a furnace for placing waste and mixing it with a binder, a press for briquetting waste, a department for storing ready-made briquettes, a tank for collecting the liquid phase of household waste and a tank with a solution of chemicals to "neutralize this liquid, which is distinguished by the fact that the crusher is made in the form of grinding rollers with cutting edges on the surface, which are connected by a chain transmission to the feed rollers, one of which is at the same time an iron separator, and the chain sprockets of the feed rollers have a larger diameter than chain sprockets grinding rollers, as well as the furnace for placing waste is made in the form of a pipe, inside which a stirring screw is installed, under which a furnace for burning fuel is placed, in which a sealed container with water is installed for obtaining steam, which is sent through a technological pipeline to the furnace for placing of waste, above which a hopper is installed for supplying a binder to the specified furnace, while the chimney of the furnace for burning fuel goes around an additional lifting auger for moving and drying the mass being briquetted, in addition, the press for briquetting waste is made in the form of two cooled drums with teeth on a cylindrical surface, the distance between which corresponds to the dimensions of the fuel briquette, and spring-loaded coils with tape wrapping material, such as paper, are installed above the drums. " - . and? (o) ime) (ee) (95) - 60 b5