WO2015030691A1

WO2015030691A1 - Method of obtaining pellets from raw materials of organic origin and mobile unit for its realization

Info

Publication number: WO2015030691A1
Application number: PCT/UA2013/000113
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mykola Vitaliiovych KOLOMYICHENKO; Iaroslav Oleksandrovych TIBBEKIN; Igor Victorovych BULATOV; Valerii Valeriiovych LOSEV
Original assignee: Kolomyichenko Mykola Vitaliiovych
Priority date: 2013-09-02
Filing date: 2013-09-24
Publication date: 2015-03-05

Abstract

Method for production of pellets on the basis of raw materials of organic origin is carried out by means of the mobile unit, located on the chassis of at least one vehicle. According to the inventive method, drying and shredding of previously prepared material is carried out, followed by pressing of pellets. Shredding and pressing is carried out by devices for shredding and pressing, equipped with hydraulic drives, for which power supply is provided through the hydraulic system from at least one hydraulic machine, that is set into motion by the engine of internal combustion. Mobile unit for implementation of the method consists of a drying device, shredding device and the device for pressing, installed on the chassis of at least one vehicle. Devices for shredding and pressing are equipped with hydraulic drives connected to at least one hydraulic machine connected to the internal combustion engine.

Description

Method of obtaining pellets from raw materials of organic origin and mobile unit for its realization

The presented invention relates to the field of energetics, namely, the production methods of biofuels from raw materials mainly of organic origin, particularly from wood waste of timber processing enterprises, waste products from forestry and agricultural industry, such as straw, sunflower husk, sawdust, waste and sanitation, left from industrial land clearings, etc., and to devices for carrying out such method, and can be applied in forestry, woodworking, agriculture, public utilities and other industries where there is a need for recycling organic waste with subsequent granulation into fuel pellets.

Processing of raw materials of organic origin in order to obtain fuel pellets and briquettes is a quite important direction in the development of the energy industry, through the possibility of obtaining highly effective solid fuels with simultaneous util ization of waste. At the same time in this regard remains important to improve the energy efficiency processes of obtaining fuel pellets in order to reduce their prime costs, that can be achieved in various ways, like improving the processes, that make up the technological side of methods of obtaining pellets, as well as optimization of logistics processes, associated with the use of pellets, that can be achieved, in particular, by ensuring the mobility of units for obtaining pellets or their components and increasing the autonomy of technological process, and by using the combination of these ways to improve the energy efficiency of obtaining pellets.

In particular, the mobi lity of units for obtaining pellets is provided by establishing modular settings for obtaining pellets, where the equipment for drying, crushing and pressing is positioned in two or three containers with the possibility of their transportation, followed by their deployment and adjustment to work at the location of the raw materials. Information on this type of mobile unit is available to the applicant from the Internet, and, in particular, can be found on the following web sites: http://tdniko.com/produktsiya/kontevnernaya-liniya-proizvodstva-pelleti, http://www.nestorexpo.com/belagro/index. pl?act=STAND&id=9483,

http://www.wood-pellets.com/cgi- bin/cms/index.cgi?ext=content&lang= l &pidH 659 etc.

The mentioned mobile units' establishment time, that covers the period from the deployment and establishment to the beginning of manufacturing process, usually makes up from 3 to 4 days, which significantly reduces the profitability of the production of pellets. At the same time transportation operations and works, that concern launching and adjustment, as well as providing the necessary safety standards, including fire, are quite significant, and further reduce profitability of obtaining pellets. Moreover, the dependence of such mobile units from outside energy sources significantly reduces their autonomy and mobility, as well as leads to the necessity of arranging needed platform for their location, renting of transport equipment and machinery for power supply, payments for electricity and so on.

Therefore, it is far optimal to use mobile units with a greater degree of autonomy and mobility, for example, the ones that can be located on the chassis of vehicles and integrated with vehicle power-generating sets.

There are many known methods of obtaining pellets to the applicant on the basis of raw materials of organic origin by mobile plants, including the mentioned bellow methods.

In particular, the method of producing fuel pellets from wood is known where takes place the preliminary shredding of wood wastes, their pressing and shaping of pellets and is later followed by loading pellets to the body of the vehicle and their transportation from the production site (patent UA 45069 U, published on 26.10.2012, the official bulletin Number 20, 2009).

The disadvantage of this method is the relatively limited mobility of equipment for implementation of the method and autonomy only during the storage process and transportation of already obtained pellets, which definitely reduces the overall energy efficiency of obtaining pellets. Also there is a known method for producing pellets on the basis of raw materials from biomass under the application US 2012/0285082 A l (Fig. 5), published on 1 5. 1 1 .2012, where the preliminary shredding of biomass is carried out in the shredders followed by its delivery along with water and connecting to the device of agglomeration, which is located on the vehicle, that can be connected to the prime mover or other self-propelled vehicle. Thus obtained pellets are dried and unloaded for further storage.

The disadvantage of this method is the need for an additional vehicle to move the device of agglomeration to the place of the new deployment, the need for transportation of raw materials and other components to the place of manufacturing pellets, as well as the need for additional power units to carry out processes that collectively increase the energy costs needed to obtain pellets.

Also there is a known method of producing solid fuels through the granulation of agricultural waste or waste from woodworking industry by using mobile unit. In this case the gasifier installed on the vehicle, is used as the power supply for systems of pelleting. In order to generate gas, pellets are used, in particular those, that are made by mobile units (Application EP 0035431 A2, published on 20.02.81 ).

Using in the described method process of gasification for power supply for pelleting systems and the use for the gasification part of obtained pellets allows only partially increase the autonomy of the method of obtaining pellets. Also the described method has a very low compliance with fire safety standards due to the use of the process of burning pellets in a gasifier, which in turn requires to take additional measures to ensure fire safety and imposes certain restrictions on the possible locations of installments.

Also there is a known method of automatic controlling of the process of manufacturing of fuel from wooden dry granulated materials that includes milling of raw material, processing of shredded raw materials by overheated water vapor and subsequent pressing of pellets. In this case, at the output of the press the humidity of obtained pellets is measured and feed rate of raw materials is changed both for processing by steam as well as for pressing, and also the work settings of the executive mechanism can be changed from the steam supply to the processing of raw materials (patent RU 2369632 C I , published on 10.10.2009, the official bulletin number 28).

With the help of the above method energy efficiency of the process of obtaining pellets may increase due to optimization of the humidity of the finished product. Also presented method allows to improve the fire safety of the process by processing raw materials with steam, heated without the use of open flame sources and by optimization of steam treatment process. However, the presented method lacks the mobility of the unit and its autonomy, as well as relatively high energy consumption for the production of superheated steam.

For a prototype of the method is used the method for producing pellets on the basis of raw materials of organic origin, which can be accomplished with the use of the unit under the patent RU 55774 Ul , published on 27.08.2006. According to the prototype drying and shredding of previously prepared raw materials is carried out, followed by pressing pellets with the help of mobile unit, located on the chassis of at least one vehicle. In this case the power supply of the main working aggregates of the process is carried out using electric drive, which is set in motion by an internal combustion engine that runs on fuel gas obtained by burning part of fuel in the gas generator part of fuel. The rest of derived fuel gas is submitted to the heat generator where it is burned and derived flue gases are submitted to the drum dryer for drying raw materials. For implementation of this kind of cycle of technological process to the method a series of sequentially connected filters are introduced, along with gas cooler, the gas engine and electric generator.

The disadvantage of the prototype is drying of raw materials through burning about a third part of raw materials in the gas generator in order to obtain the required amount of heat as well as bringing the power units into action using the same burning of raw materials. At the same time the use of a sufficiently large number of different basically aggregates used for obtaining power supply for the process of obtaining pellets increases difficulty of integration of the unit and requires additional maintenance, and does not allow to increase the unification of devices, that are used for implementation of the method. Also the use of the dryer of the drum type and the gas generator requires both additional gas supply systems, and the necessity to use additional means to ensure fire safety, especially for the drum type dryer. Therefore, the prototype does not allow to improve energy efficiency of the process of obtaining pellets and to make it sufficiently safe in view of the fire safety requirements, especially considering such fire hazardous locations, where raw materials are disposed, in which the work of mobile unit can be carried out as forestry, a field with straw and so on .

There are many mobile units for pellet production known to the applicant, including the ones, that are closest for their total of substantial features and include the following.

Known mobile units for pellets from organic raw materials that contain a device for drying, device for shredding and device for pressing, installed on the chassis of the vehicle (application US 201 0/0293846 Al published on 25.1 1.201 0, Patent UA 6283 1 A published on 1 5.1 2.2003 , Patent JPS 608395 A published on 1 7.01.1985, Patent FR 2570243 published on 21 .03.1986, Patent UA 64225 U published on 25. 1 0.201 1 , Patent CN 201 695013 U published on 05.01.201 1 , Patent CN 201 214658 Y published on 01.04.2009). The mentioned devices use the drying devices, where heat generation is carried out either by overheated steam or by burners of direct combustion.

The disadvantage of the mentioned devices is their relatively insufficient autonomy, that reduces the energy efficiency of obtained pellets increases difficulty of integration of unit and reduces the profitability of obtaining pellets at all. At the same time in these mobile units the use of drying devices, of the specified type does not allow to comply with the required level of fire safety without additional costs and investments, which also reduces the profitability of obtaining pellets and limits the scope of the unit.

Also there is known a mobile drying device under the Patent 75024 U, published on 26.1 1 .2012 in which heat generator, with hydrodynamic heating of fluid is used installed on the chassis of the vehicle. The drive for the heat generator is carried out through the PTO of the vehicle through the hydraulic system.

The mentioned unit allows to improve energy efficiency when applying it in line of obtaining pellets from organic raw materials, and therefore increasing the profitability of obtaining pellets, and providing the required level of fire safety with no additional equipment and costs. However, the specified unit provides the necessary improvement in energy efficiency and profitability only as part of another mobile unit, as well as does not allow to increase the required level of autonomy for stages of shredding and pressing of the method of obtaining pellets, which have significantly higher level of power consumption (50%) than the stage of drying raw materials.

For the prototype was taken mobile unit for obtaining pellets on the basis of raw materials of organic origin, which consists of a device for drying, shredding device and a device for pressing, installed on the chassis of at least one vehicle ( Patent CN 202022902, published on 02.1 1 .201 1 ). In place of the vehicle a trailer is used connected to the tractor. Mobile unit includes power supplying tools for shredding device and device for pressing through the PTO of the tractor by using a mechanical drive.

The prototype allows to achieve a certain increase in autonomy for certain aspects of obtaining pellets, such as devices for grinding and granulating. However, the drawback of the prototype is a relative decline in energy efficiency in the process of obtaining pellets on the basis of raw materials of organic origin, relatively complicated maintenance of mobile units and a low degree of mobility of the unit caused by the use of mechanical drive and the need to generate heat for drying device with the help of secondary tools. The invention is based on the set goal to improve energy efficiency process of obtaining pellets on the basis of raw materials of organic origin and at the same time to simplify the maintenance process, ensuring a high degree of mobility of unit and the required level of fire safety of the process in any environment without using additional vehicles and devices for fire safety.

The set goal is solved in such a way that the method of producing pellets on the basis of raw materials of organic origin by means of mobile unit, located on the chassis of at least one vehicle, where drying and shredding of previously prepared raw materials is carried out, followed by compression of pellets in accordance with the invention, the grinding and pressing is carried out by means of grinding and by means of extrusion, equipped with hydraulic drives power supply, that is exercised through the hydraulic system from at least one hydraulic machine, driven by the engine of internal combustion.

At the same time the drying can be exercised using a heat carrier which is heated by means of hydrodynamic heat source.

At the same time the hydrodynamic heat source can be activated by a hydraulic drive, for which power supply is exercised from the hydraulic machine, activated by the engine of internal combustion.

At the same time the hydrodynamic heat generator can be activated by a mechanical drive that is activated by the engine of internal combustion.

At the same time the hydraulic machine can be activated by an internal combustion engine of the vehicle.

At the same time, the amount of material applied for drying can be regulated additionally, depending on the difference in the indicators of humidity of raw material at the input and at the output of drying device.

At the same time, in addition, the running speed of the raw materials can be regulated at the stage of drying, depending on the difference in the indicators of humidity of raw materials at the input and at the output of drying device.

Also, the invention is based on the set goal to simplify the configuration of mobile unit for carrying out the method, according to claim 1 of obtaining pellets and reducing its cost, while simultaneously increasing convenience and safety of its exploitation without depending on the operating conditions and choice of raw materials, that is used for obtaining pellets.

The assigned task is solved in a way that the mobile unit, that contains the device for drying, grinding device and the device for pressing, installed on the chassis of at least one vehicle, in accordance with the invention, the device for crushing and pressing device are equipped with hydraulic drives connected to at least one hydraulic machine connected to the internal combustion engine.

At the same time, the device for drying may include hydrodynamic heat generator.

At the same time, the heat generator may include hydrodynamic mechanical drive or hydraulic drive that receives power from the internal combustion engine.

At the same time, the hydraulic drive may include controlled hydraulic motors connected to the PTO- driven powertrains of the devices for grinding and pressing raw materials.

At the same time, at least one hydraulic machine may be installed on ΡΤΌ- driven internal combustion engine.

At the same time, the device for drying may be a drying conveyor with a mechanically driven production line of an internal combustion engine or hydraulic motor.

At the same time, the drying device may be equipped with input and output humidity sensors.

At the same time, the unit may contain the hardware and software needed for speed regulation of the conveyor of the drying device.

At the same time, the unit may contain the hardware and software needed for controlling the amount of raw material that is served into a drying device.

Between the set of essential features of the invention and the technical result that is claimed exists the following cause-and-effect relation.

As is well known from the technical field, the use specifically of mobile unit to perform all stages of the method of obtaining pellets from raw materials of organic origin, in particular, such as preparation of materials, its drying and pressing, can improve energy efficiency of the method by optimizing the logistics parameters of the process, including the cost of shipping raw materials to the place of processing, that has quite a significant impact on the prime cost of the resulting solid fuel, as well as the possibility of applying the method directly on the location of raw materials because of compliance with the requirements of the safety processes, first of all fire safety.

At the same time it is obvious that profitability of obtaining pellets depends on the following expenses, namely:

- Energy costs for power supply for all components of the mobile unit in the implementation of the method of obtaining pellets, where the biggest part of power supplying make up power units of devices for drying, crushing and pressing,

- Expenditures for depreciation of unit that consist of the costs of maintenance and repairs, organizational costs, staff costs, etc.

- Costs that depend on the speed of deployment and maintenance of unit, consisting in personnel expenses, that will have to be carried out depending on the time required for the introduction into exploitation of the unit on the location of raw materials and manufacturing of pellets,

- The costs needed for compliance with fire safety and sanitary standards that consist of the cost of additional equipment, staff and service.

To establish the influence for the above-mentioned higher costs of energy efficiency of production process of pellets inventors conducted a computer modeling of methods of obtaining pellets on mobile units depending on how the power supply of powertrains of the unit for obtaining pellets. Taking into account the fact that the energy expenditures have a complex structure, and the change in the method of obtaining pellets also results in significant changes in other costs such as transportation costs of unit, depreciation and maintenance of equipment, in order to define the effectiveness of the modeling, the level of profitability of different ways to obtain pellets was determined with symbolically fixed price of pellets, without taking into account other factors of economic nature that may affect profitability. In other words defined in such a way profitability is an integral indicator of energy efficiency method and mobile unit.

When entering the data regarding the major components of the cost of manufacturing pellets on units with different types of power supply, results were obtained as shown in Table.

Table

Structure of expenditures and the level of profitability of the method of obtaining pellets depending on the method of providing power supply of powertrains of the unit for obtaining pellets

4 Profitability, with taking into

account only the basic 20...25 20...25 35...40 expenses

5 Speed of deployment until its

possible for the process of 6...8 5...6 0,5...1 manufacturing to start, hours

According to the data received through modeling, unexpectedly it was discovered by inventors, that the use of motor fuel as the sole source of power supply for pellets obtaining process though more expensive than other sources of power supply, with the application of specifically hydraulic actuator powered by a hydraulic machine, driven by the engine of internal combustion, for the components used in the method, namely, drying, shredding and pressing, allows to optimize components of expenses and ultimately increase profitability of the method of obtaining pellets, while keeping the high rate of mobility of unit.

Received results can be explained by a combination of ensuring high level of mobility of the process of obtaining pellets and the independence of the method and unit from any additional sources of energy supply, and of reducing and simplifying configuration of unit, which leads to increased convenience of using unit and respectively reduces expenses for its maintenance, including the personnel costs. Additionally significant simplification of ensuring fire safety of the process allows to increase the effectiveness of obtaining pellets and raise the profitability of the process.

At the same time the inventors in order to verify the obtained through mathematical modeling results of profitability have designed, manufactured and tested mobile unit MLH- 1 1 "Forward" for manufacturing of pellets, device for shredding, device for pressing and drying device which are equipped with hydraulic actuators connected to at least one hydraulic machine, connected to the internal combustion engine. Tests of the specified unit confirmed the profitability of the method of obtaining pellets by means of such an unit at the level of 38%, as well as other parameters listed in Table.

At the same time in the process of testing of unit MLH- 1 1 "Forward" was revealed that specifically shredding and pressing stages are more energy intensive of the method of obtaining pellets in relation to the stage of drying, in particular expenses of power of mobile unit needed on shredding and pressing account for 70% of the total consumed power of unit. Therefore, the providing of power supply to the stage of drying has less impact on the profitability index of manufacturing pellets as opposed to power needed for shredding, pressing and transporting of unit and raw resources.

According to the results of research from Table, it is clear that the implementation of shredding and pressing by using the shredding and pressing devices equipped with hydraulic drives, the providing of power supply for which is exercised through the hydraulic system from at least one hydraulic machine, driven by the engine of internal combustion, allows you to improve energy efficiency of the process for obtaining pellets.

This result can be explained, firstly, by a combination of increasing mobility of the process of manufacturing pellets due to locating the complete production cycle on the spot of dislocation of raw materials with the obtaining of the finished product - fuel granules, ensuring compliance with fire safety standards the manufacturing process of pellets without any additional means, ie through the use of completely fireproof for drying, shredding and pressing of raw materials and obtaining pellets, and increase the autonomy of unit from other power sources through the use of transfer of power to powertrains from internal combustion engines, in particular, of the vehicle. These circumstances also allow you to cut and reduce the cost of integration of the mobile unit for manufacturing of pellets on the basis of raw materials of organic origin, increase safety of exploitation of unit and convenience of its maintenance. The use of hydraulic power to transfer power to the powertrains of unit allows to improve safety and reliability of exploitation of unit due to the absence of electric drives.

In the process of modeling using a variety of energy sources for drying of raw materials unexpectedly it was found that drying of raw materials with the use of heat carrier that is heated by means of hydrodynamic heat generator allows further to improve the security of the process for obtaining pellets and to lower level of energy consumption in this process when compared, for example, with those of a drum dryer.

Actuation of hydrodynamic heat generator using a hydraulic actuator or mechanical drive the power supply of which is exercised from a hydraulic machine, driven by the engine of internal combustion, allows to reduce energy consumption for drying, shredding and pressing and to improve energy efficiency of the method.

Actuation of hydraulic machine by an internal combustion engine of the vehicle leads to the fact that the vehicle after it has been transported begins to produce energy for the operation of all devices for obtaining pellets, allowing to further increase the autonomy of conducting the manufacturing process of pellets, without additional vehicles. In particular, the unit can change the deployment several times within one business day that would allow to use raw materials that are dispersed in a certain area in small quantities at no additional costs on the local transportation. This is very important, for example, in the forestry or utilities sector with sanitary clearings of forestry plantations, which leads to increase in the efficiency and, consequently, profitability.

The additional regulation of raw materials supplied for the drying and speed control of raw material flow at the stage of drying depending on the difference in terms of humidity of raw materials at the input and at the output of the device for drying, allows to optimize level of energy consumption of the drying and at the same time to improve the quality of drying of raw resources. Equipment for the drying device by hydrodynamic heat generator allows to improve safety of the drying process and optimize the level of energy consumption for carrying out of this process with simultaneous increase in the convenience for adjustment of the device for drying to the hydraulic system of the mobile unit.

Equipping the hydrodynamic heat generator with a mechanical drive or hydraulic drive, that receive power from the internal combustion engine, allows to improve energy efficiency of conducting processes of shredding, drying and pressing.

The inclusion to the configuration of the hydraulic actuator of operated hydraulic motors connected to the driven shaft of powertrains of the device for shredding of raw materials and of the device for pressing raw materials allows to improve convenience for adjustment of drives of powertrains of the unit to the hydraulic system.

Installation of at least one hydraulic machine at PTO internal combustion engine can further improve the reliability of power transmission to the powertrains of unit.

Using a conveyor drying device with a mechanical drive conveyor from an internal combustion engine or hydraulic motor as a means for drying allows to improve ease of regulating the process of drying and to provide connection of powertrains of drying device to the hydraulic system of unit.

Equipping the drying device with moisture sensors at the input and output allows to optimize parameters of the drying process according to the quality of raw materials which are served for drying and thus to improve energy efficiency of the drying process and the quality of raw materials, that are farther sent for pressing.

Equipping the unit with necessary hardware and software for the speed regulation of the conveyor drying device and hardware and software for the controlling the amount of raw materials that is served into the drying device allows automated regulation of the drying parameters depending on the humidity of raw materials, and thus to improve energy efficiency of the process. The presented invention is illustrated by the following example of carrying out the method for obtaining pellets on the basis of raw materials of organic origin and mobile unit for its implementation and the relevant drawings, which illustrate the following:

- FIG. 1 - view of the mobile unit from the side,

- FIG. 2 - view of the mobile unit from above.

Graphic materials that illustrate the present invention and show an example of a specific execution of the method and unit for its implementation in any way does not limit the amount of conducted work set forth in the formula, but only explain the essence of the invention.

Mobile unit for implementation of the method consists of the drying device 1 , the shredding device 2 and the pressing device 3. Drying device 1 is mounted on the chassis of the vehicle 4. The shredding device 2 and the pressing device 3 are installed on the chassis of the vehicle 5. In place of vehicles 4 and 5 are used trucks, e.g. rAZ-250.

Drying device 1 is represented as a drying conveyor with a mechanical drive 6 of the conveyor 7 of an internal combustion engine of the vehicle 4 (not shown). Drying device 1 comprises of a hydrodynamic heat generator 8, connected through a heat exchanging system 9 with internal space of the drying conveyor. Hydrodynamic heat generator 8 includes a mechanical drive or hydraulic drive 10 that receives power from an internal combustion engine of the vehicle 4 through power take-off 1 1 .

Shredding device 2 and pressing device 3 also are equipped with hydraulic drives 12 and 13 are respectively connected to at least one hydraulic machine 14 connected to the internal combustion engine of the vehicle 5 through power takeoff 15.

Hydraulic drives 1 0, 1 2 and 13 include controlled hydraulic motors connected to the shaft driven powertrains of device for shredding of raw materials and device for pressing of raw resources. Drying device 1 is equipped at the input and at the output with humidity sensors 16. The bunker 1 7 of the drying device 1 is connected to the receiving bunker 18 of the shredding device 2 with the help of closed conveyor 19. Shredding device 2 at the output is connected to the pressing device 3 with screw conveyor 20.

Mobile unit further contains hardware and software necessary for the speed regulation of the conveyor of the device for drying and hardware and software for the regulating the amount of raw materials that is served into the drying device (not indicated in the drawings). The mentioned equipment may be located on the unit and operate automatically, when necessary to establish the operator of unit or remotely by means of wireless communication.

If there is a necessity to shred raw materials beforehand the mobile unit can be used in conjunction with device for preliminary shredding, such as chip-cutting device, that can be mounted on the chassis of another vehicle such as a tractor, and power supply for which can be delivered from tractor through PTO to improve mobility and autonomy of the implementation of whole method for producing pellets.

Method for producing pellets on the basis of raw materials of organic origin is carried out with the help of the described mobile unit as follows.

At first the preparation of raw materials of plant origin (sawdust, wood waste, chip, peat, seed husks, etc.) takes place by its shredding to the size ranging from 8 to 1 2 mm with the help of the mentioned above chip-cutting device or other known means and observing dosage is served into drying device 1 from bunker with the help of closed scraper conveyor (not shown). Typically, raw material is moist within 50...70%. With the help of humidity sensors 1 6 moisture content of raw materials is measured at the input of the drying device 1 and, depending on the degree of humidity of raw materials the submission of raw materials is regulated with the help of hardware and software tools designed for regulating the amount of raw materials that is served into the drying device. The heating and heat transfer in drying device 1 is carried out by heat generator 8, in which the generation of heat is carried out by heating the hydrodynamic fluid. This way to carry out flash-less drying of raw materials on the conveyor of the drying device 1 that allows to achieve the requirements for fire safety in the carrying out of the method and the possibility of using mobile unit in any environment without any additional equipment for fire safety.

At the same time at the output of the drying device 1 measurement of humidity of dried raw materials is exercised with the help of humidity sensors 16. Humidity of raw materials after the stage of drying should not exceed from 12 to 15%, where the best humidity indicator for achieving increase in density of granules of pellets ranges from 6 to 8%. With deviation of humidity of raw materials for more than 10% the running speed of the conveyor of the drying device 1 is regulated through the hardware and software tools designed to regulate the speed of the conveyor of the drying device.

Further the submission of the raw materials is exercised from the drying device 1 to the shredding device 2 with the help of closed conveyor 19. In place of shredding device 2 can be used the hammer crusher, where raw materials can be crushed to the size ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 mm.

Then the shredded raw materials using screw conveyor 20 are loaded to an intermediate bunker of dozer of the pressing device 3. A press granulator can be used as a pressing device 3. With the help of dozer raw materials are submitted to pelleting presses, where pressing of raw materials is exercised with subsequent obtaining of pellets and their packing into containers, for example into a Big-Bag, or uploading directly into storage for pellets thanks to the mobility of unit.

The applying of the mentioned method allows to achieve productivity of mobile unit not less than 1 .5 tons / hour, with power consumption within the limits of 230 kW. Thus speed of processing of raw materials on the unit from submitting them to drying device 1 until the obtainment of finished pellets ranges on average from 5 till 7 cubic meters of raw material / hour. Depending on the level of humidity of incoming raw materials and other parameters the processing speed can be adjusted with the help of controlled hydraulic motors of hydraulic drives 10, 12 and 13 that are mounted on shafts-driven powertrains of the device drying 1 , shredding device 2 and of the pressing device 3. In particular, the drying device 1 controlled hydraulic motors are installed on the shafts of scraper conveyors 6, 8 shaft of the hydrodynamic heat generator , in the shredding device 2 - on the shaft of hammer crusher and screw conveyor 20, the pressing device 3 - on the shaft of pellet press and press dozer. The transfer of power to the motors is carried out through a hydraulic system of hydraulic distributors installed on PTO shafts of each vehicle 4 and 5.

In this case, the specified method and mobile unit for its implementation allows to obtain pellets from organic raw materials of different types, fractions and humidity, such as wood and straw, etc., without replacing the unit itself. This requires to change the matrix in the press granulator, for example if straw is used as the chosen raw material and when it is necessary, to make adjustments in the hardware and software configuration. This way the use of one mobile unit is enough to produce pellets from any type of raw materials without significant modification of the process for obtaining pellets, which significantly increases the application versatility of the unit and profitability of the process for obtaining pellets.

The use of the presented invention allows to increase the energy efficiency of the process of producing pellets from raw materials of organic origin and to simplify the maintenance process and ensuring fire safety of the process in any environment without additional fire protection equipment as well as simplification of configuration procedure of the mobile unit for obtaining pellets and reduction of its cost and at the same time to increase the convenience and safety of its exploitation regardless of operating conditions and choice of raw materials, that is used to produce pellets.

Claims

1 . Method of producing pellets from raw materials of organic origin by means of mobile unit, that is located on the chassis of at least one vehicle by which pre-drying and grinding of prepared beforehand raw materials is carried out, followed by compression of pellets, characterized by the fact, that the grinding and pressing is carried out by means of grinding and by means of extrusion, equipped with hydraulic drives power supply, that is exercised through the hydraulic system from at least one hydraulic machine, driven by the engine of internal combustion.

2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized by the fact, that the drying is exercised using a heat carrier which is heated by means of hydrodynamic heat source.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized by the fact, that the hydrodynamic heat source is activated by a hydraulic drive, for which power supply is exercised from the hydraulic machine, activated by the engine of internal combustion.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized by the fact, that the hydrodynamic heat generator is activated by a mechanical drive that is activated by the engine of internal combustion.

5. The method according to claim 1 , characterized by the fact, that the hydraulic machine is activated by an internal combustion engine of the vehicle.

6. The method according to claim 1 , characterized by the fact, that additionally, the amount of material applied for drying is regulated, depending on the difference in the indicators of humidity of raw material at the input and at the outlet of drying device.

7. The method according to claim 1 , characterized by the fact, that additionally the running speed of the raw materials is regulated at the stage of drying, depending on the difference in the indicators of humidity of raw materials at the input and at the outlet of drying device.

8. Mobile unit for carrying out the method of claim 1 , that contains the device for drying, grinding device and the device for pressing, installed on the chassis of at least one vehicle, characterized by the fact, that the device for crushing and pressing device are equipped with hydraulic drives connected to at least one hydraulic machine connected to the internal combustion engine.

9. Mobile unit according to claim 8, characterized by the fact, that the device for drying includes hydrodynamic heat generator.

10. Mobile unit according to claim 8, characterized by the fact, that the heat generator includes hydrodynamic mechanical drive or hydraulic drive that receive power from the internal combustion engine.

1 1 . Mobile unit according to claim 8, characterized by the fact, that the hydraulic drive includes controlled hydraulic motors connected to the PTO- driven powertrains of the devices for grinding and pressing raw materials.

12. Mobile unit according to claim 8, characterized by the fact, that at least one hydraulic machine is installed on PTO-driven internal combustion engine.

13. Mobile unit according to claim 8, characterized by the fact, that the device for drying is a drying conveyor with a mechanically driven production line of an internal combustion engine or hydraulic motor.

14. Mobile unit according to claims 8, 13, characterized by the fact, that the drying device is equipped with inlet and outlet humidity sensors.

15. Mobile unit according to claims 8, 13, characterized by the fact, that it contains the hardware and software needed for speed regulation of the conveyor of the drying device.

16. Mobile unit according to claim 8, characterized by the fact, that it contains the hardware and software needed for controlling the amount of raw material, that is served into a drying device.