UA55910C2 - Installation for drying of the compressed air - Google Patents

Abstract

Invention relates to the adsorptive technology for drying of the compressed air and it can be used in different branches of industry for reduction of the moisture content. The installation for draining of the compressed air contains two adsorbers mounted side by side, in which the electric heaters connected with the temperature sensors and the adsorbers having connecting conduits with the stop valves are located. The adsorbers are mounted in the metallic container and in their housings the distributors are located - upper and lower ones, between which the adsorbent is located. Electric heaterspass through the lower distributor and are mounted in the adsorbent perpendicular with the distributors, which are connected with the rod, upper part of which enters into the loading hatch located on the housing of adsorbers. In this case, at the second end of the rod the disk with cross-shaped guide is fixed, which is mounted in the unloading hatch, which is located in the bottom of the housing of adsorbers and is connected with the lower distributor. The continuous feed of dry purified air into the working zone is attained, alternately switching the adsorbers from the mode of air draining into the mode of the adsorbent regeneration.

Description

The invention relates to adsorption technology for drying compressed air and can be used in various industries to reduce moisture content.

The well-known installation "Sukhoi" for drying compressed air | see Manevich L.O. "Processing of transformer oil", M., Energoatomvydat, 1985, p. 37, fig. 23| dries air with a dew point not higher than -507С and supplies it to the transformer tank during the entire time of depressurization.

The air is dried by zeolites in one of the two adsorbers operating alternately, to which air is supplied from the moisture separator through a two-way valve without air heating.

At the same time, the second adsorber is prepared for work and the heater is turned on to regenerate the moisture-saturated zeolite.

The unit is supplied with compressed air both from the compressor and from the compressed air network at a pressure of no more than 0.8 MPa.

After drying, turn off the heater and cool the zeolites naturally.

The disadvantage of the known installation is its long-term operation, the required degree of air drying is achieved within at least 10 hours, while the modes of operation of the adsorbers are switched manually.

A well-known installation for drying compressed air, see information sheet "Air drying unit OV-200" of Kharkiv society "ELMOTECHNOLOGY", 1991.| designed for drying and cleaning from mechanical impurities atmospheric air, which is used for drying solid insulation of power transformers in the process of their installation or repair.

The installation has two adsorbers, which are installed next to each other and connected to each other through the compressed air supply line, which has a compressor.

The middle part of each adsorber is filled with adsorbents, and a heater (electric stove) is placed in the upper part, which heats up to a temperature of 60070.

Contact thermometers are attached to the adsorbers, which determine the temperature of the electric furnace and the temperature of the air through the adsorbent up to 4007c.

Compressed air from the compressor is supplied to the lower part of the adsorbers, the order of operation of which is determined by rotary disc shutters.

The dried air at the exit is cleaned of mechanical inclusions in a fine cleaning filter.

The disadvantage of the known installation is unreliability in operation due to the temperature regime - high heating temperature in the upper part of the adsorbers, which are supplied with a large volume of compressed air up to 180m3/hour, as well as high electricity consumption at the time of regeneration of the adsorbent.

Known installation for drying compressed air | according to the author's certificate Me1762992, IPC

VO1053/26, publ. 09/23/1992| includes a compressor, which is connected alternately with a working adsorber and an adsorber that regenerates, which are made with electronic heating elements and are connected by air supply, regeneration and exhaust lines with shut-off valves.

The installation is supplied with an ejector, the nozzle of which is supplied with low-pressure air from the pipeline through the pipeline.

In the mixing chamber of the ejector, a vacuum is created, which sucks up from the adsorber, which regenerates, desorption products - moisture and oil vapors, which are removed from the mixing chamber through the diffuser of the ejector to the atmosphere.

When the regeneration is finished, the adsorber is prepared for air drying and purification, and regeneration is carried out in the same way in the second adsorber.

The disadvantage of the known installation is the separate supply of both compressed air and low-pressure air from the second line for regeneration, which increases labor costs during operation and increases the cost of the adsorption process of compressed air drying.

In a known installation for drying gas, for example, compressed air, according to the author's certificate

Me1699550, IPC VO1853/26, publ. 12/23/1991 | includes two adsorbers installed next to each other, each of which has a heat-insulated closed casing (housing).

The adsorbers are filled with moisture-absorbing adsorbent and supplied with two electric heaters located in the casing, while part of the adsorbent layer is covered by one electric heater, and the second part of the adsorbent layer is covered by the second electric heater. Adsorbers have connecting pipelines, valves, valves and other shut-off fittings.

First, the first part of the adsorbent layer is cooled by the movement of the dried gas while simultaneously maintaining the regeneration temperature in the second part of the adsorbent layer, and then the second part of the adsorbent layer is cooled to the operating temperature.

Cooling of the first part of the adsorbent layer is carried out to a temperature lower than the operating temperature, but not lower than the temperature corresponding to the dew point of the gas being dried.

During regeneration, electronic heaters are turned on or off, which are connected to temperature sensors, which are controlled separately by an automatic temperature controller.

The cooling of the second part of the adsorbent layer is carried out by a flow of drying gas, which is fed through the cooled first part of the adsorbent layer.

We accept this design of the installation as a prototype. The disadvantages of the prototype are: - the distribution of the adsorbent in the jacket (body) of the adsorbers into two parts that are heated separately, complicates the design and increases energy consumption, while cooling gas is additionally supplied to the adsorber jacket, which increases costs and reduces the reliability of the installation and is not provided heating of the entire mass of the adsorbent, - accurate temperature control is not ensured, the probability of failure of one of the electronic heaters excludes the uniform distribution of hot air in the adsorbers.

The invention is based on the task of developing a unit for drying compressed air, which ensures the continuity of the work of two adsorbers, which are installed in a metal container with alternate automatic switching from the air drying mode to the adsorbent regeneration mode, and a continuous supply of dry purified air to the working area up to 90- 3b0mZ/lotin with a set temperature that is maintained automatically with the help of control and measuring devices (sensors of temperature and air humidity), which are displayed on the panel of the control cabinet.

The solution to the given problem is provided by a unit for drying compressed air, which contains two adsorbers installed next to each other, in which there are electronic heaters that are connected to temperature sensors, outside the adsorbers have connecting pipelines with shut-off valves, and inside they are filled with an adsorbent, due to the fact that the adsorbers are installed in a metal container and in the body of each adsorber there are air distributors - upper and lower, the space between which is filled with an adsorbent, in which electric heaters are installed vertically, which pass through the lower distributor and are placed perpendicular to the distributors, while the distributors are connected by a vertical rod that passes through the upper distributor and its end enters the loading hatch located on the adsorber housing, and at the other end of the rod a disk with a cross-shaped guide is fixed, which is installed in the unloading hatch, which is located at the bottom of the adsorber housing and is connected to the lower distributor. 1/

To simplify the design, the ring of the upper distributor has a central hole for the passage of the rod and for loading the adsorbent, also the upper distributor is installed with an inclination from the center to increase the volume of the adsorbent, and the loading hatch is installed along the axis of the central hole of the upper distributor.

For uniform supply of compressed air, radial slits are made over the entire area of the ring, and a ring washer with height adjustment is installed to close the hole (after loading).

To regulate the output of the adsorbent, the ring of the lower distributor has a central hole, which is covered by a disk with a cross-shaped guide for loading the adsorbent, while the lower distributor is installed with a slope to the center for better unloading.

To simplify the design, holes are made over the entire area of the ring of the lower distributor, through which electric heaters, which are tubular heating elements, are installed vertically. The holes in the lower distributor have a larger diameter than the outer diameter of the heater tubes for air passage. A disk with a cross-shaped guide is installed in the central opening of the lower distributor with the possibility of its lifting for discharging the adsorbent.

To replace the electric heaters, the lower ends of the heater tubes go outside through the bottom of the adsorber housing and are covered with a metal casing.

To improve the design, a rim bolt is installed at the end of the rod, which enters the loading hatch, with the help of which the rod is lifted, while the disk with a cross guide is raised from the unloading hatch, or the rod with a cross guide can be dismantled through the upper distributor by the rim bolt .

For a reliable overlap of the upper distributor, ledges are made on the rod, which are located below the level of the upper distributor, while other ring washers are installed on the ledges with the possibility of height adjustment.

The loading and unloading hatches have quick-removable covers that are dismantled during loading or unloading of the adsorbent.

A compressor and a fine air filter are connected to the connecting pipelines of the adsorbers.

The connecting pipelines of the adsorbers have quick-removable elbows, which are connected to the loading and unloading hatches.

To supply a small amount of dry air in order to remove the generated steam during regeneration, a pipeline of smaller cross-section is attached to the quick-detachable elbows of the connecting pipeline, which is installed between the discharge hatches of the adsorber housings.

Adsorber connecting pipelines have valves with manual or automatic control mode.

The metal container has doors and partitions, the walls of which have a heat-insulating layer.

The metal container of the installation has a control cabinet with a panel of control and measuring devices.

To control the temperature of TENU, at least three TENUs are connected to each other by means of a connecting element in the form of a tube, in which a temperature sensor is installed, which is connected to the panel of the control cabinet.

The installation container can be made mobile.

The technical result achieved when using the invention: - improved design, the flow of compressed air is evenly distributed in the cavity, which is filled with an adsorbent (zeolite) between the upper and lower distributors and on you? cross-section in the adsorber, in which the set temperature is maintained for continuous air drying without reducing the surface area of heat transfer due to reducing the power of the TENU to 0.4 kW by connecting the outputs of two or three TENIs together, which maintains the set temperature and reduces the energy consumption of the installation, - is ensured continuous drying of compressed air, that is, the supply of dry air is not interrupted for a second, for example, to a transformer with a temperature of 2070; or 43070, - in the adsorbent regeneration mode in the adsorber, the temperature is automatically maintained within -18070- 65070 until the end of the regeneration mode, which excludes burning and sintering of the adsorbent (zeolite), which is qualitatively regenerated, - the temperature in both adsorbers is automatically maintained in the air drying mode according to with the help of temperature sensors, which are distributed on the panel of the control cabinet according to the number of heating elements, and automatic switching from the air drying mode to the adsorbent regeneration mode is performed with the help of air humidity sensors installed on the panel of the control cabinet - the operating time of the installation decreases, the average operating time on one adsorber in the air drying mode at a relative air humidity of 8095 - 8 hours, and at an ambient temperature of -207C, air drying is carried out in 3 days, and the average regeneration time of the adsorbent is 3-5 hours, - quick filling and pouring of the adsorbent (zeolite) in the adsorbers is ensured by due to the presence of quick-removable covers on hatches, quick-removable elbows with clamps on the connecting pipelines, which facilitates their dismantling, lifting the disc with a cross-shaped guide to a small height through the hole in the lower distributor does not complicate the discharge of the adsorbent to a separate container, - the use of zeolite, silica gel or other adsorbent is possible, depending on the type which the required temperature is set.

The claimed compressed air drying installation is illustrated by the following description and drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 - the frame of the metal container of the installation with adjacent adsorbers,

Fig. 2 - a diagram of the arrangement of adsorbers in the installation,

Fig. 3 - watering can,

Fig. 4 - projection of I in Fig. 2,

Fig. 5 - connecting the terminals of two heating elements together,

Fig. 6 - upper distributor (ring),

Fig. 7 - the lower distributor (ring), Fig. 8 - a rod with a rim-bolt and a disc with a cross-shaped guide,

Fig. 9 - a view of the installation of ring washers on the rod,

Fig. 10 - a disc with a cross-shaped guide,

Fig. 11 - raising the disk with a cross-shaped guide in the lower distributor.

According to the invention, the installation for drying compressed air is a metal container 1, which is protected from the influence of the external environment and in which two adsorbers 2 and З are installed side by side with electronic heaters located in the middle of them, which are tubular heating elements 4, which are installed vertically in the adsorbent 5 , filling adsorbers 2 and 3 (see Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

Upper and lower air distributors 6 and 7 are installed inside each adsorber 2 and C, the space between which is filled with adsorbent (zeolite) 5.

The adsorber body has hatches 8 and 9 for loading and unloading adsorbent 5, while hatches 8 and 9 are installed along the central axis (see Fig. 2).

Hatch 8 is located on the absorber body, and hatch 9 is installed in the bottom of the body.

An elliptical non-removable cover 10 is installed on top of the adsorbers 2 and C, and hatches 8 and 9 have quick-removable covers 11, which are dismantled during loading or unloading of the adsorbent.

The adsorbent material 5 in the adsorber body is natural or synthetic zeolites, silica gel or another type of adsorbent.

The ring 6 of the upper distributor has a central hole 12 and radial slots 13 are made over the entire area of the ring for the passage of air (see Fig. b).

Ring 6 of the upper distributor is installed with an inclination from the center to increase the volume of adsorbent 5 in adsorbers 2 and 3 (see Fig. 1)

The ring 7 of the lower distributor has a central hole 14 and, for example, 66 holes 15 are made over the entire area of the ring for installing tubular TENIs 4 through them (see Fig. 2, Fig. 7).

The ring 7 of the lower distributor is installed with an inclination towards the center for a more complete discharge of the adsorbent 5 (see Fig. 1).

The lower ends of the tubes of heating elements go outside through the bottom of the adsorbers 2 and 3 and are covered by a metal casing 16 (see Fig. 2).

External adsorbers 2 and 3 through hatches 8 and 9 are connected by connecting pipelines 17 and 18, in which electrified valves 19, 20, 21, 22 with automatic control mode (or valves with manual control) are installed.

The compressed air supply compressor 24, which has a silencer 25 (see Fig. 2), is connected to the pipeline 17 through the pipeline 23.

A fine-cleaning air filter 26 is connected to the pipeline 18, which has a nozzle 27 for the entry of dry, purified air to the working area (for example, under the tank of a bell-type transformer) (not shown).

Connecting pipelines 17 and 18 have quick-removable elbows 28 and 29, which are connected to hatches 8 and 9 for loading and unloading the adsorbent.

A pipeline 30 of a smaller cross-section is connected to the quick-removable elbows 29 of the connecting pipeline 18, which is installed between the discharge hatches 9 of the adsorber housings 2 and 3.

The pipeline 30 has an adjustable valve 31 for supplying dry air of a smaller volume from one adsorber to the second adsorber (see Fig. 2).

A vertical rod 32 is installed along the central axis of the adsorbers 2 and C housing, which connects the distributors 6 and 7 to each other, while the rod passes through the hole 12 of the upper distributor 6, its end enters the loading hatch 8 and a rim bolt 33 is installed on it (see Fig. 2, Fig. 8).

An annular washer 34 is installed in the central hole 12 of the upper distributor b, while a tubular element 35 is installed on the rod 32 between the eyebolt 33 and the upper distributor 6, between which and the end of the eyebolt 33 a washer 36 is placed (see Fig. 8).

On the rod 32, ledges 37 are made, which are located below the level of the upper distributor 6, and other ring washers (not shown) are installed on the ledges 37 with the possibility of adjusting their height and rigid fixation of the ring washer 34 (see Fig. 2, Fig. 8, Fig. .9).

The second end of the rod 32 is rigidly connected to the device in the form of a cross-shaped guide 38, which is connected to the disc 39 (see Fig. 2, Fig. 10, Fig. 11).

The cross-shaped guide 38 is installed in the hatch 9 for unloading adsorbers 2 and 3, while the hatch 9 is connected to the lower distributor 7 in the city of the central hole 14.

Disc 39 rests on the lower distributor 7, covering the hole 14 (see Fig. 2, Fig. 7).

A shank 40 is installed on the disk 39 with a cross-shaped guide, with the help of which the disk with a cross-shaped guide 38 is connected to the rod 32 (see Fig. 11).

When the rod 32 is lifted by the eyebolt 33, the disk 39 is raised and the cross-shaped guide 38 does not completely exit the opening 14 of the distributor 7 to the cavity of the adsorbers 2 and 3, from which the adsorbent 5 is discharged through the hatch 9 into a separate container (not shown) (see Fig. 2, Fig. 8, Fig. 11).

The rod 32 with the disk 39 and the cross-shaped guide 38 can be dismantled through the opening 12 of the upper distributor 6 by the eye-bolt 33, that is, it can be completely extracted from the housing of the adsorbers 2 and 3.

Quick-removable elbows 28 and 29 of the connecting pipelines 17 and 18 have collars 41, which serve to separate the pipelines from the bodies of adsorbers 2 and 3 (see Fig. 2).

Tubular TENs 4 in the adsorbers are connected to temperature sensors 42, i.e. at least three TENs are connected to each other through a connecting element 43 in the form of a tube in which the temperature sensor 42 is installed (see Fig.

Fig. 2, Fig. 4).

The metal container 1 has a control cabinet 44, the panel of which (not shown) is connected to the temperature sensor 42 through wires 45 (see Fig. 1, Fig. 4).

According to Fig. 5, outputs 46 of two TENIs 4 are connected together to reduce the power of TENUs to 0.4 kW.

The container 1 has a door 47, which is closed in the regeneration mode, and after regeneration is opened for better cooling of adsorbers 2 and 3, and to maintain the temperature during the operation of the adsorbers, a heat-insulating layer 48, made on the walls of the door 47 and partitions (not shown) in the container, serves 1 (see Fig. 1).

A compressor 24, a fine cleaning filter 26 and other equipment (not shown) are installed in the container 1.

To load the adsorbent 5 through the hatch 8 in the adsorber 2 and C, a funnel 49 is used (see Fig. 3).

The slots 13 in the ring 6 of the upper distributor and the annular gaps 50 around the TENIs 4 in the ring 7 of the lower distributor have dimensions that do not allow the adsorbent 5 to jump out or spill out on the bottom of the body of the adsorbers 2 and 3.

The principle of operation of the unit for drying compressed air is based on the properties of natural and synthetic zeolites to effectively absorb moisture from the air that passes through their layer.

In the air drying mode, the compressor 24 pumps compressed air through the pipeline 23 to the adsorber 2, while the valves 20 and 21 are open.

The air passes through the slots 13 of the distributor b and is evenly distributed over the zeolite 5 filled between the distributors 6 and 7. The surface of the tubular TENIs 4 is heated to a given temperature, while the compressed air is dried from a temperature of 10"С - 607.

Next, the dried hot air through the pipeline 18 is cleaned in the fine cleaning filter 26 and supplied with a given temperature to the working area, for example, under the tank of the bell-type transformer to prevent the solid insulation from wetting and drying during the repair work.

The set temperature of the dried air in adsorber 2 is maintained using temperature sensors 42 (see Fig. 2, Fig. 4).

In the regeneration mode of the adsorbent (zeolite), valve 31 regulates the volume of dry air supplied to the adsorber 3, while the temperature of heating elements 4 is set in the range of 300"С-400"С and is automatically maintained with the help of temperature sensors 42 until the end of the regeneration mode (see Fig. 2, Fig. 4).

Moisture vapors from the adsorber C are removed through the opening 51, which is made in the elbow 28 of the connecting pipeline 17.

In adsorbers 2 and C, loading and unloading of adsorbent (zeolite) 5 is provided.

Loading of zeolite to the adsorbers is carried out through the loading hatch 8, at the same time the quick-removable elbows 28 are dismantled, the quick-removable covers 11 are opened and the hole 12 in the distributor 6 is freed from the ring washer 34, where the funnel 49 is installed and the zeolite fills the cavity between the distributors 6 and 7.

The discharge of zeolite from the adsorbers is carried out through the discharge hatch 9. With the opening of the quick-removable cover 11 of the hatch 8, the loading rod 32 is lifted by the rim bolt 33 with a special mandrel (not shown), while the disk 39 with the cross-shaped guide 38 is raised from the hatch 9 and frees the hole 14 in the distributor 7 for pouring zeolite, while the slope to of the center in distributor 7 improves unloading.

The walls 52 of the cross-shaped guide 38 serve as guides in the discharge hatch 9 for zeolite, which is poured into a separate container (not shown).

To unload the zeolite, the quick-removable knees 29 of the connecting pipeline 18 are also dismantled to open the quick-removable covers 11 of the hatch 9 of unloading.

The washer 34 in the opening 12 of the upper distributor b is adjusted in height with the help of other ring washers 53 and 54, while the washers 53 are located on the ledges 37 of the rod 32, and the washers 54 are located under the pipe element 55. The washers 53 and 54 rigidly fix the washer 34 in the central holes of the upper distributor 6 (see Fig. 8, Fig. 9).

The proposed compressed air drying unit allows continuous supply of dry purified air with a dew point of -507С to the working area, alternately switching the adsorbers from the air drying mode to the adsorbent regeneration mode.

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Claims (19)

1. An installation for drying compressed air, which contains two adsorbers installed next to each other, in which there are electronic heaters that are connected to temperature sensors, 1 adsorbers having connecting pipelines with shut-off fittings, which is characterized by the fact that the adsorbers are installed in a metal container and in their housings there are distributors - upper and lower, between which the adsorbent is placed, and electric heaters pass through the lower distributor and are installed in the adsorbent perpendicular to the distributors, which are connected by a rod, the upper part of which enters the loading hatch located on the adsorber housing, while on the second a disk with a cross-shaped guide is attached to the end of the rod, which is installed in the discharge hatch, which is located in the bottom of the adsorber housing 1 and is connected to the lower distributor. 2. Installation according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the ring of the upper distributor has a hole for loading the adsorbent. 3. Installation according to claims 1, 2, which differs in that slots are made over the entire area of the ring and a ring washer is installed in the hole to close the upper distributor after loading. 4. Installation according to claim 1, which differs in that the ring of the lower distributor is installed with an inclination to the center and has an opening for discharging the adsorbent. 5. Installation according to claims 1, 4, which differs in that holes are made over the entire area of the ring through which electric heaters are installed, and the hole for discharging the adsorbent is closed by a disc with a cross-shaped guide. b. Installation according to paragraphs And, 5, which differs in that the electric heaters are tubular heaters. 7. Installation according to claims 1, 6, which is characterized by the fact that the lower ends of tubular heating elements go outside through the bottom of the adsorber housing and are covered with a metal casing. 8. The installation according to item I, which differs in that the end of the rod, which is included in the loading hatch, is equipped with an eye-bolt. 9. Installation according to paragraphs And, 3, which differs in that the rod has ledges on which a ring washer with height adjustment is installed. 10. Installation according to claims 1, 8, which is characterized by the fact that the rod with a disk and a cross-shaped guide can be dismantled through the upper distributor by the eye-bolt. 11. Installation according to claim 1, which differs in that the loading and unloading hatches have quick-removable covers. 12. Installation according to claim 1, which differs in that a compressor and a fine air filter are connected to the connecting pipelines of the adsorbers. 13. Installation according to claim 1, which differs in that the connecting pipelines of the adsorbers have quick-removable elbows that are connected to the loading and unloading hatches. 14. Installation according to claims 1.13, which differs in that a pipeline of a smaller cross-section is connected to the quick-removable elbows of the connecting pipeline, which is installed between the discharge hatches of the adsorber housings. 15. Installation according to claim 1, which differs in that the connecting pipelines of the adsorbers have valves with manual or automatic control mode. 16. Installation according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the container has a door for cooling and a heat-insulating layer is installed on the walls of the container. 17. Installation according to claim 1, which differs in that the container has electric control cabinets with a panel of control and measuring devices. 18. Installation according to claim 1, which differs in that at least three SHADES are connected to each other by means of a connecting element in the form of a tube. 19. Installation according to claims 1, 17, 18, which differs in that a temperature sensor is installed in the tube of the connecting element, which is connected to the control cabinet panel.