UA52403A - An emulsion explosive substance Ukrayinit-PP-1 - Google Patents

Abstract

An emulsion explosive substance Ukrayinit-PP-1 is a mixture of emulsion composition of emulcom (TU U 6-13441912.006-2001) in amount of 92-96 mass % and powders of aluminium or silicon, or ferrosilicon, or their mixture in amount of 4-8 mass %. The substance allows to destroy rocks of any destructive strength and water facing factor with a minimal negative impact to the environment.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to emulsion explosives, which are prepared at blasting sites, and 2 can be used in the mining industry for the destruction of hydrated and non-hydrated, strong and very strong rocks in open pit mining.

Emulsion explosives (EBU) are reverse emulsions of the "water-oil" type (emulsion compositions) mixed with a sensitizer (pat. RF Mo2120928, MPKU SOb В 31/28, publ. 21.10.98; RF pat. 70 Mo2111197, MPKU sob In 21/00, 31/28, publ. 05/20/98Й1. Dispersions of an aqueous solution of an oxidizer (ammonium nitrate or its mixture with other nitrates) in a continuous hydrocarbon phase are used as emulsion compositions. Gas-generating additives, gas-air microspheres are used as sensitizers. crushed explosives (Baron, V.L., Kantor, V.H., Technique and technology of explosive works in the USA. - Moscow: Nedra, 1989, p. 82 - 861). 75 Known EVRs, sensitized by nitrogen microbubbles, which are formed chemically during reactions of sodium nitrite with various substances in the process of emulsion cooling .

The disadvantage of these EWRs is the instability of the detonation characteristics due to the uncontrolled nature of the aeration of the mixture. In addition, sodium nitrite belongs to toxic substances (2nd class of danger according to GOST 20. 12.1.007-76) and handling it is dangerous.

EVRs are known, in which sensitization is carried out by the introduction of gas-air glass microspheres or porous, swollen materials (pat. 08, 21/00, published on 10/27/98, patent of Ukraine Mo1943A IPC? S 068 31/00, published on 12/25/1971.

The disadvantage of such sensitizers is that they remove heat from the reaction zone during phase transitions of the inert material of the aerators, which reduces the power of the explosion. "

EVR containing granular pyroxylin powder as a sensitizer is known (pat. RF Mo2092473, MPK9 C 06 V 31/28, publ. 10.10.97). However, the use of gunpowder significantly increases the level of danger of the production process

EUR.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed EVR is an emulsion explosive, which includes an emulsion composition and a sensitizer, while the emulsion composition containing ammonia, calcium nitrate, water, an emulsifier, and an oil product is 97-98 wt.95 , and the sensitizer - 2 - Z mass. 9b (pat. of Ukraine Mo17369А MPK С 06 В 31/28,31/40, publ. 31.10.97 - prototype) This EVR has high M water resistance and can be pumped by dented pumps that are installed on mixing and charging Ha machines of the "Aquatol" brand, which are used in Ukraine for mechanized charging of wells.

The main drawback of the well-known EVR is its low power, which does not allow it to be used for breaking strong and very strong rocks.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating an emulsion explosive substance by changing the sensitizer and the ratio of components in such a way as to ensure the maximum power of EVR and "close to zero oxygen balance." 50 The task is solved by the fact that EVR Ukrainit-PP-1 includes an emulsion composition and a sensitizer and, in accordance with the invention, as a sensitizer, aluminum or silicon powders, or ferrosilicon, or

From" their mixture with the size of fractions up to Tmm. At the same time, emulcom according to TU U 6 - 13441912.006 -2001 is used as an emulsion composition. The ratio of the components of ukrainite-PP-1, weighing 9o: emulsion composition (emulcom) powders of silicon or ferrosilicon, 92 - 95; 1 or aluminum or their mixtures 4-8.

Table 1 shows various variants of the ratios of the composition of the applied EWR. Table 1 contains admissible temperature and extreme values of the components included in the formulation, as well as the explosive characteristics of these compositions in comparison with the prototype. According to pat. Ukraine Mo17369, the composition of the prototype includes, mass. 9о:

Fe» ammonium nitrate 37.3 - 39.4; calcium nitrate 37.0 -3 8.5; water 13.0 - 14.0; petroleum product 6.3; emulsifier - oxyethylated animal fats 1.7-21;

P" sensitizer - expanded pearlite sand 2.0-3.0.

In accordance with TU U 6 - 13441912.006 - 2001, which were registered by the State Standard of Ukraine from 06.12.2001 under No. Me085/005781, the emulsion composition - emulcom contains the following components, by weight: calcium nitrate 39.8 8.0; ammonium nitrate 36.7 8.0; emulsifier "Ukrainit" (solution of nonionic surfactants in diesel fuel) TU U 194367 11. 8.7 1.7; number 002 - 96 -Д-

water last (but not least

Physico-chemical characteristics of emulcom are given in table. 2. 2 The optimal content of components in EWR is their ratio, at which there will be a zero oxygen balance of the explosion reaction (stoichiometric ratio of components in the explosive mixture). In this case, the maximum heat will be released during the explosion, and only water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and metal oxides will be present in the explosion products. Such explosion products ensure a minimal negative impact on the environment. The maximum power of the explosive substance (volumetric energy concentration E in, kJ/dm7) depends not only on the heat of the explosion (0, kJ/kg), but also on the charge density (rz, kg/dmU) |Demydyuk G.P. To the question of the criteria for assessing the explosive properties of explosives for mining. - "Physical and technical problems! development of useful minerals", 1967, Mo1, p. 43 - 52). t

Components (95 wt.) and indicators of properties | Prototype yav vva lo | 001110 Emulsion-emulsion! 98 97 96 95 94 94 95 94 94 94 94 93 92 In 000Benbacilars 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111001010010010010011 OMt11oM13 016, no

The completeness of detonation in a cartridge with a diameter of 200mm and full full full) full full full | full full full /| full full) full /| full virgin Pn Bi Ba Bo Bo Bo Bo Ba B B Ba Ba Ba Ba KK 11111 s shchi vy « y 000 chlyvtdoudaruzvtostyavitaya 00000000 - ш 000 voyovvyvuvutriyuryutv 1111119 і" 0 pyvstdotertnapryuma. 110 0 eopstvybuhvv when the pressure of rubbing vumtya! 19 ate sl ime) their Ev -O rz

In addition, the explosive effect of the explosion depends on the detonation pressure (Р d), which determines the average pressure in the well (Re).

In turn, the detonation pressure depends on the density of the explosive substance.

Rd - 0.25 rar 07, bar)

IIKryssin R.S., Domnychev V.N. Modern explosives of local preparation. Dnipropetrovsk, "Science and Education", 1998. p. 128 - 1291.

Thus, an increase in the EVR density and the charge density leads to an increase in the energy of the shock wave.

The use of emulcom (TU U 6 - 13441912.006 - 2001) as an emulsion composition, which has an average density of 153Okg/m?, and as sensitizers - metal powders of the fraction up to imm allows to obtain EVR with an average density of 1600 - 166bOkg/m?. This provides increased EVR power compared to other explosives that have the same or similar values of heat of explosion, but lower density.

Calculations of the heat of the explosion, as well as the oxygen balance (KB) and the volume of the explosion gases (Muv), given in Table 1, were carried out according to known methods | Dubnov L.V., Bakharevich N.S, Romanov A.I. Explosives industry. - 3rd ed. - Moscow: Nedra, 1988, pp. 26-45). b5 It can be seen from the data of Table 1 that the proposed explosive substance is significantly higher than the prototype both in terms of the heat of the explosion and the volume of gases released. Industrial tests carried out in the quarry of the Ingulets Mining and Processing Plant showed that the composition of Mo8 (emulcom - 9395, ferrosilicon - 795) ensures the breaking of very strong rocks (i - 24 on the scale of Prof. Protodiakonov) without oversize.

Therefore, C) - 4282kJ/kg is taken as the required value of the heat of explosion. Such values of О are characteristic of compositions 2 - 4; 6 - 8; 10 - 12. Along with this, an increase in the number of powders: aluminum above 695 (composition 4); silicon - 7905 (composition 8), ferrosilicon - 995 (composition 12) is economically unreasonable due to the high cost of metal powders.

Thus, the optimal composition of the proposed explosive corresponds to its content of 4 - 590 aluminum, 5 - silicon, 7 - 895 ferrosilicon. With such a number of sensitizers, the power of 70 explosives is achieved, which is necessary for breaking out strong and very strong rocks, and the normal operation of dedented pumps installed on mixing and charging machines of the "Aquatol" brand, which are used to charge wells, is ensured.

From the data in Table 1, it follows that at any ratio of emulcom and sensitizers, a close to zero, but negative oxygen balance is achieved. The latter is due to the fact that the composition of EWR contains /5 a slight excess of the combustible component over the oxidizer. During the explosion, the saltpeter solution interacts with the hydrocarbon phase and metal powders with the formation of water vapor, CO, Mo and a small amount of CO (no more than 21 dmZ/kg EWR). A negative oxygen balance is necessary to prevent the formation of highly toxic nitrogen oxides (MO, MO»). Tests carried out in the pit of the Ingulets GZK EVR, which is claimed, have shown that it exceeds standard TNT-containing explosives and known emulsion VR in terms of performance.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention Emulsion explosive, which includes an emulsion composition and a sensitizer, which differs in that as a sensitizer it contains powders of aluminum or silicon, or ferrosilicon, or their mixtures of fractions up to 1 mm, and as an emulsion composition - emulcom (TU U 6- 13441912.006-2001) with the following ratio of components, " mass 9o: emulcom 92-96 with powders of aluminum or silicon, or ferrosilicon, or their mixtures 4-8. "c) Official Bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits", 2002, M 12, 15.12.2002. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Yes) - and? 1 ime) sh" ("in) syu" 60 b5