RU2237645C1 - Blasting composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosives.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to water-containing industrial explosives based on gel-like solutions of explosive-sensitized oxidants. Invention provides water-containing blasting composition containing explosive in the form of powder or granules with particle size not exceeding 2 mm, said explosive being hexogen or octogen, or mixture of phlegmatized or octogen, or mixture of phlegmatized hexogen and aluminum, or hexogen/trotyl/aluminum alloy, or hexogen/trotyl alloy, or ammonium nitrate; organic fuel; polyacrylamide as thickener; aluminum sulfate of ferric sulfate as cross-linking agent; water and water-soluble metal nitrates or their mixture.

EFFECT: increased detonation capacity and explosion energy.

4 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of water-containing industrial explosives based on gel-like solutions of oxidizing agents sensitized by explosives, and can be used in the disposal of explosive ordnance.

Known water-containing explosive composition [1], including: explosives, such as TNT, RDX, PETN or smokeless gunpowder 2-50%, ammonium nitrate 15-80%, alkali metal nitrates 0-25%, urea 1-15%, sodium chloride 1-15%, thickener 0.05-2%, crosslinking agent 0.01-0.5%, the rest is water. The disadvantage of this composition is the low detonation ability and the use of inert additives that reduce the energy of the explosion.

Known water-containing explosive composition [2], taken as a prototype, containing: explosive sensitizer, including crushed gunpowder, fuels, explosives or a mixture thereof in an amount of 5.0-50.0%, inorganic oxidizer 80.0-35.0% , cryogenic additive - a mixture of glycol, potassium nitrate and calcium in an amount of 0.5-6.0%, thickener 0.5-5.0%, crosslinking agents 0.01-0.5%, curing catalyst 0.5-2 , 0%, water - the rest.

Significant disadvantages of this composition are the low detonation ability, explosive energy and operability compared to currently used industrial explosives, high sanitary and environmental hazards of explosion products containing extremely hazardous chromium and lead compounds of hazard class 1 according to GOST 12.007 - 76 (maximum permissible concentration in the air of the working zone of 0.01 and 0.005 mg / m ³ according to GOST 12.005 - 88) and highly hazardous zinc and copper compounds of hazard class 2 according to GOST 12.007 - 76 (limit the new permissible concentration in the air of the working zone is 0.5 mg / m ³ according to GOST 12.005 - 88), used as cross-linking agents and non-explosive sensitizers. Sanitary and environmental regulations preclude the use of this explosive composition as an industrial explosive in open and underground mining. It should be noted that the average lethal concentration of chromium and lead compounds in the air is less than 500 mg / cubic meter, and, for example, when one kilogram of this composition explodes, at least 600-1200 mg / cubic meter of explosion products will be released into the air. compounds of chromium or lead in the form of the smallest aerosol, which will lead to infection up to the MPC level of 60-120 thousand cubic meters air and can lead to occupational and oncological diseases of the mining staff.

Used in a water-containing explosive composition, trotyl in a finely dispersed state at quantities of up to 20% is ineffective as an explosive. According to GOST 19433–85, Appendix 2, Table 29, No. 00H 1356, the TNT / water 70/30 mixture is not capable of detonation, and thus, finely dispersed TNT in aqueous compositions cannot be an effective sensitizer of detonation processes.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the detonation ability, the energy of the explosion and the health of the aqueous explosive composition and the manufacturability of its manufacture while ensuring the safety of its use.

The problem is solved in that the water-containing explosive composition includes an explosive in the form of a powder or granules - RDX or HMX, or phlegmatized RDX or HMX, or a mixture of phlegmatized RDX and aluminum, or an alloy of RDX, TNT and aluminum, or an alloy of RDX and TNT, the particle size of the explosive does not exceed 2 mm, ammonium nitrate, water-soluble metal nitrate salts or their mixture, organic fuel, thickener-polyacrylamide, water and a crosslinking agent, as torogo using aluminum sulphate or ferric sulphate, iron at the following content of components, wt.%:

RDX, or HMX, or

Phlegmatized RDX

or octogen, or a mixture

phlegmatized RDX

and aluminum, or an alloy of RDX,

TNT and aluminum, or alloy

RDX and TNT 15-75

Water-soluble metal nitrate salts or a mixture thereof 1-5

Organic fuel 1-6

Polyacrylamide 0.15-0.5

Water 6-12

Aluminum sulfate or ferric iron sulfate 0.01-0.1

Ammonium Nitrate Else

In this case, urea or paraffin, or ceresin, or golovaks, or mineral oil, or a mixture thereof can be used as organic fuel, and sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate, or calcium nitrate, can be used as metal nitrate salts.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that to increase the detonation ability of the composition introduced explosives containing hexogen or octogen in the form of powder or granules in the amount of 15-75 wt.%. To improve manufacturability, liquid organic fuel in an amount of up to 5 wt.% Can be introduced into the composition, and to achieve high performance, granular ammonium nitrate up to 60 wt.% Is introduced into the composition. The introduction of urea and water-soluble nitric acid salts of metals or a mixture thereof increases their frost resistance, detonation characteristics and reduces the amount of harmful gases in the explosion products. The sanitary and environmental safety of the explosive composition is ensured by the use of aluminum sulfate or ferric sulfate as a crosslinking agent. At the same time, solid explosion products contain aluminum oxide or iron oxide (hazard classes 4 and 3, respectively, according to GOST 12.007 - 76, maximum permissible concentrations in the air of the working zone 6 and 4 mg / m ³ according to GOST 12.005 - 88), which does not exceed the danger rock dust during blasting operations (dust of granites, limestones, iron ores - 3 and 4 hazard classes with MPC 2-4 mg / m ³ ).

Tests have shown that with a content of 35% ammonium nitrate and 35% explosives in the form of a powder, the rest is a gel-like solution of oxidizing agents, the composition stably detonates from detonator capsule No. 8 in thin-walled polymer shells with a diameter of 36 mm, and when reducing the content of explosives to 15 wt. .% composition stably detonates from an intermediate detonator weighing 200 g, in charges in a polymer shell with a diameter of 60 mm The use of mixtures of aluminum with RDX or RDX and TNT as explosives significantly increases the energy of the explosion. In all trials, detonation was complete.

A method of manufacturing an explosive composition is as follows.

When heating and stirring, the required amount of ammonium nitrate, urea, polyacrylamide and nitric metal salts or a mixture of them are poured into a measured amount of water. The mixture is stirred until the components are completely dissolved.

The resulting gel-like mass is poured into a container with crushed explosives and the resulting mass is thoroughly mixed in a mixer. The required amount of granular ammonium nitrate and a crosslinking agent are introduced into the resulting mixture. If necessary, a sample of mineral oil is pre-introduced into granular ammonium nitrate.

Examples of the proposed composition and its main properties in comparison with the prototype are shown in the table.

As follows from the table, the proposed water-containing explosive composition has a high detonation ability, sanitary and environmental safety of explosion products. Fire and explosion safety of the technological process of manufacturing and use is ensured by eliminating dusting and electrification of explosives during their phlegmatization with aqueous solutions of electrolytes at the initial stage of manufacture.

Sources of information

1. US patent No. 3321344, CL. C 06 V 1/04 (NKI 149-56).

2. RF patent No. 2176632, cl. C 06 V 25/00.

Claims (4)

1. A water-containing explosive composition containing an explosive substance, ammonium nitrate, a thickener, a crosslinking agent and water, characterized in that it contains water-soluble metal nitrate salts or a mixture thereof, organic fuel, explosive in the form of a powder or granules in which size particles does not exceed 2 mm, while as an explosive it contains RDX, or HMX, or phlegmatized RDX, or HMX, or a mixture of phlegmatized RDX and aluminum, or an alloy of RDX, TNT and aluminum, Whether RDX and TNT alloy, and as thickener - polyacrylamide as a crosslinker - aluminum sulphate or ferric sulphate, iron at the following ratio, wt.%: RDX, or HMX, or Phlegmatized RDX or octogen, or a mixture phlegmatized RDX and aluminum, or an alloy of RDX, TNT and aluminum, or alloy RDX and TNT 15-75 Water-soluble nitric metal salts or a mixture thereof 1-5 Organic fuel 1-6 Polyacrylamide 0.15-0.5 Aluminum sulfate or trivalent iron sulfate 0.01-0.1 Water 6.0-12.0 Ammonium Nitrate Else 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that as an organic fuel it contains urea, or paraffin, or ceresin, or golovaks, or mineral oil, or a mixture thereof. 3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that as a water-soluble nitric metal salt, it contains sodium nitrate, or potassium nitrate, or calcium nitrate. 4. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains granular ammonium nitrate in an amount of 0-60 wt.%.