UA32817U - Smoking compound with nanoparticles of noble metals - Google Patents

Abstract

A smoking mixture with nanoparticles of noble metals includes a tobacco raw material and additive, as which metal oxidation catalyst on the base of platinum, palladium, rhodium, silver, copper oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide and silver oxide are used. It contains nanoparticles of metals as metal oxidation catalysts. Average size of nanoparticles is within the range of 2-1000 nm, content of metal nanoparticles in the smoking mixture is 0.0001-0.01 % by weight, the nanoparticles are produced by blast erosion dispersion of metal granules in water.

Description

Description of the invention

A useful model relates to the tobacco industry and can be used in tobacco factories 2 for the production of low-toxic cigarettes.

The health problem associated with smoking is due to the toxic substances in tobacco smoke.

Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals, including more than 40 carcinogenic substances. All of them have a toxic effect on the body. The composition of tobacco smoke includes: nicotine, carbon monoxide, hydrocyanic acid, ammonia, benzpyrene, hydrogen sulfide, tobacco tar, carcinogens, nitrogen oxides, arsenic compounds, 70 radioactive polonium-210, radioactive potassium, heavy metals and their compounds (cadmium, strontium, nickel, lead, chromium). The average concentration of radioactive polonium (Ro 279) in tobacco is equal to (4.3--1.0)x107 Curie/g. Filters that are offered as substance absorbers do not achieve the desired goal, and cigarette filters, which are most often used and are made of specially treated grades of paper, retain no more than 2095 substances contained in smoke. Thus, the majority of the chemical substances that make up the smoke during the dry distillation of tobacco enters the lungs.

The components of tobacco smoke are formed by sublimation of substances from tobacco leaves and splitting of their constituent parts under the influence of high temperature. At the moment of tightening at the tip of the cigarette, the temperature reaches 600-800 degrees. The temperature of smoldering tobacco is 3002, and the temperature of tobacco smoke 20 is approximately 40-602C. Under the influence of high temperature, pyrolysis of tobacco and cigarette paper is carried out, and various substances are formed.

Tobacco smoke is aerosols consisting of liquid and solid particles that are in a suspended state. The gaseous components of tobacco smoke include carbon monoxide and dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, ammonium, acrolein, nitrobenzene, acetone, hydrocyanic acid and other substances. The solid phase includes mainly nicotine, water and resins - tobacco tar. The composition of the resin includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that cause cancer, in particular, nitrosamines, aromatic amines, isoprenoid, chrysene, etc. In addition, the resin contains simple and complex phenols, cresols, naphthols, etc.

Carbon monoxide, produced as a result of dry distillation of tobacco, combines with blood hemoglobin, forming a stable compound with it - carboxyhemoglobin. If in healthy non-smokers the content of carboxyhemoglobin is 0.5-195, then in smokers its content reaches 3595. Therefore, a certain part of erythrocytes, filled with carboxyhemoglobin, ceases to fulfill its function of oxygen carriers. As a result, body tissues receive less oxygen, which leads to deterioration of the heart, lungs and other organs. co

The composition of smoke is more complex and variable than the composition of leaves, because many components of smoke are formed from the ambient air that is drawn through the burning cigarette during smoking. Harmful substances contained in leaves and air are activated. The toxicity of tobacco smoke is 4.25 times higher than the toxicity of car exhaust gases and 248 times higher than the toxicity of exhaust gas from gas burners.

The filters used today in the production of cigarettes do not completely exclude the harmful effects of a number of components of tobacco smoke on the human body. Therefore, manufacturers of tobacco products all over the world are busy looking for more effective ways to clean tobacco smoke. The effectiveness of retaining « 20 components of tobacco smoke depends on the physical and chemical characteristics of the substances used as a sorbent.

It has been proven that modification of the cigarette itself is a practical step towards solving the problem of reducing the content of harmful compounds in cigarette smoke. This was first achieved with the use of ordinary filters, and then by changing the composition of tobacco in the process of chemical processing. Changes were also made to the cigarette manufacturing process 45 Using porous paper or paper made from tobacco leaves. In recent years, many attempts have been made to make smoking less harmful to health by reducing the amount of smoke per cigarette, changing the diameter of the cigarette, and using perforated filters. Such technical techniques are resorted to, in particular, in such industrialized countries as Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Sweden, England and the USA. so IVgoippetapp, K.O., Neutap, a., Kesepi. Adm. Torasso Kev. 17: 71-112, 1989). The amount of carbon monoxide is positively reduced by using perforated filters. The concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was selectively reduced by the use of nitrite-enriched tobacco. However, the reduction of PAH in tobacco with the use of high concentrations of nitrite led to an undesirable increase in the concentration of carcinogenic M-nitrosamines, so it turned out to be necessary to reduce the content of PAH by other means

Inoitap, 0., Noiitap, I, Uuupaeg, E. 1., pd Sapseg apa (pe Spapdipud Sidagece ip KeIemapse 4 Nytap Sapseg oi M-Migovo-sotrotspaz, Torbasso ZtoKe apa Musoiochipv. (edited by O'Mei, I. K ., Spep, 9. and Vagizsy, N.), volume 105:449-459, 1991). c From the above it is clear that there is a need to create additives capable of removing harmful nitrogen oxides, free radicals, hydrogen peroxide, aldehydes and carcinogenic nitroso compounds, which are responsible for the harmful effects of cigarette smoke on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. At the current stage of development of the tobacco industry, the consumer of smoking products must be protected from the harmful effects of tobacco smoke.

A well-known smoking mixture of leaf tobacco of various botanical, commercial varieties and regions of growth, which has undergone steam-thermal treatment according to a known technology, into which a cheap carbohydrate-containing vegetable additive is additionally introduced, which changes the content of carbohydrates in the raw materials and reduces the nicotine content in cigarette smoke, b5 Made from the above-mentioned mixture As a carbohydrate-containing additive, beet pulp fiber, which has undergone steam-thermal treatment in advance, is used. The pulp content is 3.0-1595 of the total mass of the mixture, while cutting is carried out after the mixing process (Author's witness 5) 1593617, A 24 0 1/18, A 24 B 15/00).

The disadvantage of the known smoking mixture is the high content of toxic components in tobacco smoke.

A known smoking mixture, described in the European patent application Mo0740907 dated November 6, 1996, using zeolites in cigarette tobacco to remove various components from the main stream of smoke, such as, for example, some resins. The zeolites used have a particle size between 0.5 mm and 1.2 mm.

The disadvantage of the known smoking mixture is the low efficiency of cleaning tobacco smoke.

A well-known smoking mixture, which includes aromatic and skeletal tobacco raw materials and an additive, in the quality of which it is 7/0 Contains skeletal tobacco raw materials of varieties with a low nicotine content (Patent KO Mo2284738. SMOKING

MIXTURE IPC A24B 3/08 (2006.01), A24B 13/00 (2006.01). 2006.10.10).

The disadvantage of the known smoking mixture is the high content of toxic components in tobacco smoke.

The closest to the proposed one is a smoking mixture that includes tobacco raw materials and a catalyst additive that is applied to tobacco, for example, as described in the US patent Mo4248251, IPC A24B 7/5 ZO8, A24B 13/00. Palladium is applied to tobacco raw materials either in metallic form or as a constituent salt.

The presence of palladium in tobacco reduces the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the main stream of smoke. Palladium is used in combination with an inorganic salt of either nitric or nitrous acid. Such nitrates include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, erbium, scandium, manganese, iron, rhodium, palladium, copper,

Zinc, aluminum, gallium, tin, bismuth, their hydrates and their mixtures.

The disadvantage of the known smoking mixture is the low efficiency of cleaning tobacco smoke, due to the use of salts or nitric or nitrous acid, which at high temperature becomes an additional source of harmful components of tobacco smoke.

The useful model is based on the task of reducing the toxicity of tobacco smoke.

The proposed, as well as the known smoking mixture with nanoparticles of noble metals, includes tobacco raw materials and an additive, as which metal oxidation catalysts based on platinum, palladium, silver rhodium, copper oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, silver oxide and, according to this proposals, it contains metal nanoparticles as metal oxidation catalysts, while the average size of nanoparticles is in the range of 2-100O0nm, the content of metal nanoparticles in the smoking mixture is 9.0001-0.01 wt.o, and the nanoparticles were obtained by erosion-explosive dispersion metal granules in water.

The smoking mixture contains metal nanoparticles as metal oxidation catalysts. This increases the catalytic activity of metals. co

The average size of the nanoparticles of the catalyst is in the range of 2-1000 Ohm, the content of metal nanoparticles in the smoking mixture is 0.0001-0.01 wt.bo, and the nanoparticles are obtained by erosion-explosive dispersion of 35 metal granules in water. with

The average size of catalyst nanoparticles is in the range of 2-1000 nm. The sizes of catalyst nanoparticles less than 2 nm are difficult to obtain and this is associated with high costs. Sizes larger than 1000 nm are impractical, as the catalytic activity of large particles decreases.

The content of metal nanoparticles in the smoking mixture is 0.0001-0.01 wt.oo. "

At mass values 906 nanoparticles less than 0.000195 mass of the smoking mixture reduce the effectiveness of tobacco smoke purification. When the content of nanoparticles increases by more than 0.0195 of the weight of the smoking mixture, the cost of the cigarette increases. The optimal values are 0.0001-0.0195 of the mass of the smoking mixture. from Nanoparticles obtained by erosion-explosive dispersion of metal granules in water | see Patent of Ukraine for utility model Mo23550. The method of erosion-explosive dispersion of metals. IPC B22E 9/14. Published on May 25, 2007.

Bul. Mo7.1. This makes the catalytic additive environmentally friendly and highly active. Nanoparticles do not contain any impurities except water, therefore, at high temperature, unlike other known additives, they do not emit any toxic substances. The introduction of nanoparticles is carried out mechanically. The best way to introduce nanoparticles is to impregnate the smoking mixture with an aqueous colloidal solution of nanoparticles obtained by erosive-explosive dispersion of metal granules in water. For this, a colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles is used according to TU U 24.6-35291116-001:2007. Aqueous colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles is obtained in advance by erosion-explosive dispersion of metal granules in water, see Patent of Ukraine for utility model Mo23550. The method of erosion-explosive dispersion of metals. IPC B22E 9/14. Published on May 25, 2007. Bul.

Mo7.i When electric current pulses, in which the energy of two pulses exceeds the sublimation energy of the vaporized metal, pass through the chains of metal granules, spark discharges occur at the points of contact of the metal granules with each other, in which explosive dispersion of the metal is carried out. In class C channels, the temperature reaches 10,000. degrees Areas of the surface of metal granules in the zones of spark discharges melt and explosively collapse into the smallest nanoparticles and steam. The molten nanoparticles that fly away fall into the water and form an environmentally friendly aqueous colloidal solution for impregnating the tobacco mixture.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention A smoking mixture with nanoparticles of precious metals, containing tobacco raw materials and an additive for which 65 use metal oxidation catalysts based on platinum, palladium, silver rhodium, copper oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, silver oxide, which is distinguished by the fact that it contains metal nanoparticles as metal oxidation catalysts, and the average size of nanoparticles is in the range of 2-1000 nm, the content of metal nanoparticles in the smoking mixture is 0.0001-0.01 wt.95, and the nanoparticles are obtained by erosion-explosive dispersion of metal granules in water. 5. Kk K-4. . . by Official Bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits", 2008, M 10, 26.05.2008. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. what with che «-- (ge) with Zo «o - with . and? (55) ko so - s bo b5