UA32818U - Low-toxic cigarette with nanoparticles of noble metals - Google Patents

Abstract

A low-toxic cigarette with nanoparticles of noble metals includes a tobacco web, a wrapping, a filter containing metal oxidation catalyst based on platinum, palladium, rhodium, silver, copper oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide and silver oxide. Average size of catalyst nanoparticles is within the range of 2-1000 nm, content of metal nanoparticles in cigarette is 0.0001-0.01 % by weight, the nanoparticles are produced by blast erosion dispersion of metal granules in water.

Description

Description of the invention

A useful model applies to cigarettes and other smoking products that, when smoked, emit relatively low 2 levels of incomplete combustion products, produce low amounts of "tar" and sidestream odor.

The health problem associated with smoking is due to the toxic substances in tobacco smoke.

Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals, including more than 40 carcinogenic substances. All of them have a toxic effect on the body. The composition of tobacco smoke includes: nicotine, carbon monoxide, hydrocyanic acid, ammonia, benzpyrene, hydrogen sulfide, tobacco tar, carcinogens, nitrogen oxides, arsenic compounds, 70 radioactive polonium-210, radioactive potassium, heavy metals and their compounds (cadmium, strontium, nickel, lead, chromium). The average concentration of radioactive polonium (Ro 279) in tobacco is equal to (4.3--1.0)x107 Curie/g. Filters that are offered as substance absorbers do not achieve the desired goal, and cigarette filters, which are most often used and are made of specially treated grades of paper, retain no more than 2095 substances contained in smoke. Thus, the majority of the chemical substances that make up the smoke during the dry distillation of tobacco enters the lungs.

The components of tobacco smoke are formed by sublimation of substances from tobacco leaves and splitting of their constituent parts under the influence of high temperature. At the moment of tightening at the tip of the cigarette, the temperature reaches 600-800 degrees. The temperature of smoldering tobacco is 3002, and the temperature of tobacco smoke is approximately 40-602C. Under the influence of high temperature, pyrolysis of tobacco and cigarette paper is carried out, and various substances are formed.

Tobacco smoke is aerosols consisting of liquid and solid particles that are in a suspended state. The gaseous components of tobacco smoke include carbon monoxide and dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, ammonium, acrolein, nitrobenzene, acetone, hydrocyanic acid and other substances. The solid phase includes mainly nicotine, water and resins - tobacco tar. The composition of the resin includes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that cause cancer, in particular, nitrosamines, aromatic amines, isoprenoid, chrysene, etc. In addition, the resin contains simple and complex phenols, cresols, naphthols, etc.

Carbon monoxide, produced as a result of dry distillation of tobacco, combines with blood hemoglobin, forming a stable compound with it - carboxyhemoglobin. If in healthy non-smokers the content of carboxyhemoglobin is 0.5-195, then in smokers its content reaches 3595. Therefore, a certain part of erythrocytes, filled with carboxyhemoglobin, ceases to fulfill its function as oxygen carriers. As a result, body tissues receive less oxygen, which leads to deterioration of the heart, lungs and other organs. co

The composition of smoke is more complex and variable than the composition of leaves, because many of the components of smoke are formed from the ambient air that is drawn through the burning cigarette during smoking. Harmful substances contained in leaves and air are activated. The toxicity of tobacco smoke is 4.25 times higher than the toxicity of car exhaust gases and 248 times higher than the toxicity of exhaust gas from gas burners.

The filters used today in the production of cigarettes do not completely exclude the harmful effects of a number of components of tobacco smoke on the human body. Therefore, manufacturers of tobacco products all over the world are busy looking for more effective ways to clean tobacco smoke. The effectiveness of retaining the components of tobacco smoke depends on the physical and chemical characteristics of the substances used as a sorbent.

US Patent No. 4,108,151 describes the use of a filler for cigarette paper based on aluminum gamma oxide, which selectively reduces the amount of organic components of the vapor phase in tobacco smoke. There are at least 5Omas in cigarette paper. 96 filler based on aluminum oxide to reduce the amount of organic components in the vapor phase of tobacco smoke. c The disadvantage of the known cigarette is the low efficiency of cleaning tobacco smoke, due to the use of one type of filler - aluminum gamma oxide. co US Patent Mo4225636 describes the use of charcoal in cigarette paper to reduce the amount of organic components in the vapor phase and the total amount of material in the form of particles in the side stream of smoke. In addition to this, charcoal leads to a decrease in the visible side stream - the smoke coming from a burning cigarette. (o) The disadvantage of the well-known cigarette is the low efficiency of tobacco smoke purification due to the use of one type of filler - coal.

European patent application Mo0740907, published in November 1996, describes the use of zeolites in cigarette tobacco to remove various components from the main stream of smoke, such as, for example, some resins. The zeolites used have a particle size between 0.5 mm and 1.2 mm. c The disadvantage of the well-known cigarette is the low efficiency of cleaning tobacco smoke.

Published German patent application OE3508127 describes a new type of cigarette that produces a burst of sparks when lit. This is achieved by incorporating a granular mixture of metals in the form of cerium ferrite or cerium oxide into the cigarette paper. When a cigarette is lit, especially in dark places, the lighted cigarette throws sparks along with a bright light effect. Cerium ferrite particles incorporated into cigarette paper typically have a particle size of approximately 20 µm.

The disadvantage of the known cigarette is the low efficiency of cleaning tobacco smoke due to the low catalytic activity of the filler. 65 Catalysts are also directly applied to cigarette paper as described in Canadian patent 604895.

Canadian patent 604895 describes the use of platinum, osmium, iridium, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium in cigarette paper. These metals function as oxidation catalysts, treating the fumes produced by burning the paper sleeve.

The disadvantage of the known cigarette is the low efficiency of cleaning tobacco smoke, due to the low activity of the catalyst, since the average particle size of platinum, osmium, iridium, palladium, rhodium and ruthenium is very high.

US Patent 5,386,838 describes the use of a colloidal solution containing a mixture of iron and magnesium as a composition for suppressing smoke. The composition for suppressing smoke is made by co-precipitation of iron and magnesium from an aqueous solution in the presence of alkali. The iron-magnesium composition exhibits a high surface area of about 100m2/g to about 225m/g when heated to a temperature between 100°C and about 500°C. The iron-magnesium composition can be added to wood pulp used for the manufacture of cigarette paper that suppresses smoke. The composition of iron and magnesium functions as an oxidation catalyst and reduces the amount of smoke produced by a burning cigarette.

The disadvantage of the well-known cigarette is the low efficiency of cleaning tobacco smoke, due to the use of a 75 mixture of iron and magnesium, which have a narrow spectrum of inhibition of the components of tobacco smoke.

The catalyst can also be applied to tobacco, for example, as described in US Patent 4,248,251. Thus, according to the patent, palladium either in metallic form or as a salt is applied to tobacco. The presence of palladium in tobacco reduces the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the main stream of smoke. Palladium is used in combination with an inorganic salt of either nitric or nitrous acid. Such nitrates include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, erbium, scandium, manganese, iron, rhodium, palladium, copper, zinc , aluminum, gallium, tin, bismuth, their hydrates and their mixtures.

The disadvantage of the well-known cigarette is the low efficiency of cleaning tobacco smoke, due to the use of salts or nitric or nitrous acid, which at high temperature becomes an additional source of harmful components of tobacco smoke.

A low-toxic metal nanoparticle cigarette is known, which contains a cigarette tobacco rod that does not have a wrapper, and this wrapper includes a web, a web filler material and a carbon monoxide catalyst in the form of nanoparticles, while the web filler material is a catalyst carrier in the form of nanoparticles and is iron oxide with a catalyst (Eurasian patent MEEA 008259 B1. SYHTGARETNAY WRAPPER WITH CATALYTIC FILLER AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING IT. IPK A24815/28, A24C5/00, A2401/02.

Publ. 27.04.20071. -

The disadvantage of the known cigarette is the low efficiency of cleaning tobacco smoke, due to the use of one type of catalyst - an iron oxide catalyst.

The closest thing to the proposed one is a cigarette with reduced emission of side smoke, which contains a traditional tobacco rod and a wrapping paper that burns to ash, while the wrapping paper contains a composition for the treatment of side smoke, which contains an oxidizing metal oxide catalyst that stores and releases oxygen, and a finely dispersed porous additive to the indicated catalyst, which does not burn and has the form of particles with a size of up to ZOμm. In this case, the oxidation catalyst based on a metal or a metal oxide is selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, silver oxide and their mixtures (Patent KO Mo2277364. CIGARETTE WITH REDUCED SMOKE WITH BURNING PAPER. IPC A2401/02 (2006.01). 2006.06.101. ts The disadvantage of the well-known cigarette is the low efficiency of cleaning tobacco smoke, due to the low activity of the catalyst, since the average particle size is very high (up to ZOm).

The useful model is based on the task of reducing the toxic effect of tobacco smoke.

The proposed, as well as the well-known, low-toxic cigarette with nanoparticles of precious metals has tobacco

GC) rod, wrapper, filter containing a metal oxidation catalyst based on platinum, palladium, silver rhodium, copper oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, silver oxide and, according to this proposal, the average size of the catalyst nanoparticles is in the range of 2- 100O0nm, the content of metal nanoparticles in a cigarette is 0.0001-0.01 mass. 96, and nanoparticles were obtained by erosion-explosive dispersion of metal granules in water. - The average size of nanoparticles of the catalyst is in the range of 2-1000 nm. The size of the catalyst nanoparticles is less than 2 nm and it is difficult to obtain and it is associated with high costs. Sizes larger than 1000 nm are impractical, as the catalytic activity of large particles decreases.

The content of metal nanoparticles in a cigarette is 0.0001-0.01 mass. 905.

At mass values 96 nanoparticles less than 0.0001956 of the weight of a cigarette reduce the effectiveness of cleaning tobacco smoke. When the content of nanoparticles increases by more than 0.0195 of the weight of a cigarette, the cost of a cigarette increases. The optimal values are 0.0001-0.01905 of the weight of the cigarette.

Nanoparticles obtained by erosion-explosive dispersion of metal granules in water | see Patent of Ukraine for utility model Mo23550. The method of erosion-explosive dispersion of metals. IPC B22E9/14. Publ. 05/25/2007. 60 Bull. Mo7). This makes the catalytic additive environmentally friendly and highly active. Nanoparticles do not contain any impurities except water, therefore, at high temperature, unlike other known additives, they do not emit any toxic substances.

The introduction of nanoparticles is carried out mechanically during the production of the harness, wrapping paper and filter. The best way to introduce nanoparticles is impregnation with an aqueous colloidal solution of nanoparticles obtained by the erosion-explosive dispersion of metal granules in water. For this, a colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles is used according to TU U 24.6-35291116-001:2007. Aqueous colloidal solution of metal nanoparticles is obtained in advance by erosion-explosive dispersion of metal granules in water | see Patent of Ukraine for utility model Mo23550. The method of erosion-explosive dispersion of metals. IPC

B22R9/14. Published on May 25, 2007. Bul. Mo7| When electric current pulses pass through the chains of metal granules, in which the energy of the pulses exceeds the energy of sublimation of the vaporized metal, spark discharges occur at the points of contact of the metal granules with each other, in which explosive dispersion of the metal takes place. In the discharge channels, the temperature reaches 1Otys. degrees Areas of the surface of metal granules in the zones of spark discharges melt and explode explosively into the smallest nanoparticles and steam.

Molten nanoparticles that scatter fall into the water and form an environmentally friendly aqueous 70 colloidal solution for impregnating the tobacco mixture, paper and filter.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention is a low-toxic cigarette with nanoparticles of precious metals, which has a tobacco rod, a wrapper, a filter containing a metal oxidation catalyst based on platinum, palladium, rhodium, silver, copper oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, silver oxide, which differs in that the average size of catalyst nanoparticles is in the range of 2-1000 nm, the content of metal nanoparticles in a cigarette is 0.0001-0.01 wt.bo, and the nanoparticles are obtained by erosion-explosive dispersion of metal granules in water. триигя я " : " " : : po Official Bulletin "Industrial Property". Book 1 "Inventions, useful models, topographies of integrated microcircuits", 2008, M 10, 26.05.2008. State Department of Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. (ge) "-- (ge) with Zo "o - and? o ko so - ii») 60 b5