UA30073C2 - Method for opening at open-pit development of rock minerals - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for opening at open-pit development of rock minerals includes making a trench for the conveyer lifting device, ore-pass to concentration horizon, installation there a reloading site, and construction of maneuvering sites. At that, the reloading site is built near the slant of the concentration horizon, and beneath its level an outlet trench is made. The trench connects the ore-pass to the reloading site, with covering the trench at concentration horizon by a bridge of maneuvering site. Maneuvering sites are arranged at making the ore-pass, through duplication of the ledges through the next nearest from the concentration horizon where there are as well made inclined with respect to those sites pass-sleeves.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the open development of deposits of 2 rock ore and non-ore minerals, which are produced using conveyor elevators for transporting the mining mass to the surface.

A known method of opening rock mineral deposits, which includes trenching on the non-working side of the pit for a conveyor lift, ore slopes from the upper working ledge to the concentration horizon, installation of a transshipment point equipped with crushers, 70 connection of the latter with the trench, construction of a maneuvering area near ore slide on the upper working ledge / Progressive technical solutions in institute projects / M.S. Haysinskyi, V.V. Sharyn, V.V.

Drachev // Horn. Journal, Mov, 1991. - P. 8, fig. 3/.

The disadvantages of this method of opening are the need to transport all the rocks to the maneuvering platform of the upper working ledge to pass them over the ore slopes to the transshipment point. This leads to an increase in the distance of transportation of rocks from the slaughterhouse to the unloading site / ore dump site / especially for the lower horizons, which are located closer to the transshipment point than to the specified site.

Therefore, the consumption of fuel and energy resources remains significant, which means large material costs for the transportation of rocks from the quarry. The method is most suitable for use in upland quarries, when rocks are transported from the upper horizons to the earth's surface.

The closest in terms of technical essence to the proposed method of opening in the open mining of rock minerals is a method that includes digging trenches or other excavations for a conveyor lift of ore slag to the concentration horizon, installation on it in underground excavations of a transshipment point, connecting the latter with a trench, construction maneuvering areas near the ore slope on the side of the working side of the quarry on each ledge, as well as on the concentration horizon /Highly productive deep quarry! / p. 29 M. Novozhilov, A.Yu. Dryzhenko, A.M. Maevsky and others - M.: Nedra, 1984. - pp. 92 - 64, fig. 5.14, 5.17/. Gee)

This method of disclosure extends the field of use also to deep quarries, but has significant drawbacks.

The formation of an ore slope with maneuvering platforms on each ledge and the construction of a transshipment point in underground workings, under the ore slope, requires a significant period of time for the opening of working horizons, that is, for the introduction of this method of opening a quarry, and large volumes of work on counterfeiting mining rocks for about 30 horizons of the idle board during its preparation. This leads to large material costs for the discovery of mineral deposits, which also affects the increase in the cost of mineral extraction. at

The invention is based on the task of improving the method of opening in the open mining of rock or mineral deposits, in which the construction of maneuvering platforms near the ore slope Through one ledge by doubling them, as well as by special penetration of lowering sleeves, provides a significant intensification of the system of opening, the quarry by reducing the volume of work on the passage of the ore slope and the reconstruction of the non-working side, while maintaining the specified level of cargo flow in the quarry, which undeniably reduces the material costs for the discovery of rock mineral deposits during their open development by quarries of various capacities, in addition, it leads to "reducing the cost of extracting minerals . With 50 The task is solved by the fact that in the method of opening during the open development of rock minerals, including the digging of trenches for the conveyor lift, the ore slope to the concentration horizon, the installation of a transshipment point on it, the connection of the latter with the trench, the construction of maneuvering areas near the ore slope with on the side of the working side of the pit and on the concentration horizon, maneuvering platforms are built during the passage of the ore slope by doubling the ledges. Through one of the concentration 45 horizons, there are also descent arms inclined according to the platforms, and the transshipment point o is built near the slope of the concentration horizon, then below its level they pass graduation trench, aw! it connects the ore slope with the transshipment point, covers the trench on the concentration horizon with a maneuvering platform bridge. o The method of opening during the open mining of rock minerals due to the location on the side of the working -I 20 side of the quarry near the ore slope of the maneuvering platforms, which are built by doubling the ledges through one of the concentration horizon, as well as inclined according to the platforms of the descent sleeves, provides putting into operation the entire transport system with overburden with minimal volumes of additional rock extraction in the process of moving the non-working side and construction of the ore dump, elevator trench and transshipment point. In turn, this leads to a decrease in material costs for discovery and the cost of extracting minerals.

GF) Equipping the maneuvering platform of the transshipment point with an outlet trench, building the point itself near the slope of the concentration horizon, connecting the ore slope to it with the indicated trench, which passes below the level of the concentration horizon, as well as covering the trench with a bridge of the maneuvering platform, allows the construction of a transshipment point not in the underground mine, and on an open site, 60 which reduces the amount of extracted mining mass by even larger volumes when the opening system is put into operation in the quarry and thus intensifies its implementation with lower material costs.

Fig. 1, 2 schematically shows the method of opening in the quarry during the open development of rock minerals / for example limestones/: Fig. 1 - a plan of the non-working side of the quarry with completed excavations and built equipment for transporting mining mass to the surface; Fig. 2 - a longitudinal section of the ore slope, for the receiving bunker of the transshipment point and maneuvering areas along the line A-A from Fig. 1.

Figures 1 and 2 indicate: 1 - quarry; 2 - ledges; C - non-working side of the quarry; 4 - opening trench; 5 - conveyor lift; 6 - concentration horizon; 7, 8 - freight flows of mining mass delivered from the lower and upper, respectively, from the concentration horizon, group of ledges; 9 - automobile descents on the ledges of the lower group; 10 - transshipment point; 11 - crusher; 12 - receiving hopper of transshipment point; 13 - feeder; 14 - transmission conveyor; 15 - maneuvering area of the transshipment point; 16 - the upper platform of the concentration horizon; 17 - dump truck; 18 - limiter under the wheels of dump trucks; 19-rudoskat; 20 - the side board of the rudoskat; 21 - slope/bottom/red slope; 22, 23, 24 - maneuvering areas of rudo / o bkatu; 25 - working side of the quarry; 26 - automobile descents on the ledges of the upper group; 27, 29 - lowering sleeves of the rudoskat; 29 - the angle of placement of the lowering sleeves relative to the ore slope; ZO - baffle plates; 31 - output trench of ore slope; 32 - mechanical feeder; 33 - maneuvering area sheet; 34 - outlet openings of the ore slide; 35 - vertical wall with buttresses; 36 - accumulative hopper of ore waste.

The method of discovery in the open mining of rock minerals is implemented as follows. Quarry 1 is made by ledges 2, which are marked on the drawings with conventional horizons of 0.0 - -45m and 415.0 - 4105.Om. On the non-working side of pit 1, which is being built at the maximum slope angle as the pit is developed, a sloping or steep trench 4 is passed. its passage The construction of trench 4 is carried out in traditional ways from the upper to the lower ledge 2 with the use of blasting drills and rock dumping.

After digging trench 4, a conveyor lifter 5 is mounted in it. It extends at the required angle of inclination for the types of conveyors / for belt conveyors - up to 20", for special ones - up to 457/ from the ground surface of pit 1 to the concentration horizon 6. On this horizon all cargo flows 7 from the lower group of ledges 2 below it converge, as well as flows 8 from the upper group of ledges 2 above it. Cargo flows 7 enter the concentration horizon b through road exits 9 that pass as the pit 1 deepens and parallel to trench 4.

Concentration horizon b is also rebuilt in advance, and during the period of trench 4, it serves i) as a transport platform, on which the crushed rocks removed from the massif of ledges from the trench are transported. After the completion of the construction of trench 4, the transshipment point 10 will be installed on the concentration horizon b.

Point 10 includes a crusher (cheek or cone) 11, a receiving hopper 12 and a feeder 13 for loading from the crusher 11. All this equipment is mounted on the side of the slope of the concentration horizon 6. To connect the crusher 11 of the transshipment point 10 with the conveyor lift 5 and trench 4 serves transmission - conveyor 14, which is mounted on the platform of the horizon - 15.0 m along the slope of the horizon 6 at the same time as the installation of the equipment of point 10. Then the maneuvering platform 15 is equipped on the upper platform 16 of the concentration horizon 6 /in fig. 1, 2 mark 50.O0m/ for unloading technological dump trucks 17 into the receiving hopper 12 of point 10. Dump trucks 17 transport mining mass from the pits of pit 1 along the routes of cargo flows 7 to bunker 12. To fix the dump trucks 17 when they are unloaded, a limiter 18 is used / see Fig. 2/, which is mounted inside the container with the hopper 12.

Simultaneously with the beginning of the construction of trench 4, the penetration of ore rock 19 is carried out. The rock rock 19 is passed on the non-working side by blasting method, similarly to trench 4 from the upper horizon, with a mark "for example, 90.Om, to the concentration horizon 6 /site x0.Om/. The side walls 20 and the bottom /slope/ 21 of the ore slope c) c 19 are reconstructed by the methods of "contour explosions", when the rock massif remains intact and little disturbed by cracks from these explosions. Scut 21 pass at an angle that ensures the passage of rocks under its own weight from ;" horizon 190. Ohm up to 50.0 m. For rocks crushed by an explosion, this angle is within the range of at least 45 - BO".

In the process of penetrating the ore slope 19 on the upper ledge 2 /tso marked as horizon 490,00m/, 2) a platform with a maneuvering platform 22 for unloading dump trucks 17 on slope 21 is also being rebuilt. along its entire width. o After that, similar maneuvering platforms 23 and 24 will be lower from the side of the working side 25 of pit 1 at the o horizons of 460.0m and 4"30.Om in such a way that they are placed through one ledge 2 along the side of Z, starting from the concentration horizon 6. Reception to reduce the volume of the side 3, during the construction of the ore slope here and

Ш- platforms 23, 24, it is necessary that the non-working side З was formed at the maximum stable slope angle. 4) For this purpose, platforms 23 and 24 are built on platforms that are formed by the doubling of adjacent two ledges. This will make it possible to practically create similar platforms on the non-working side, where previously only transport berms with a width of 15 - 1 bm were left on the ledges. For example / see fig. 1/ on the -30.00m horizon, two ledges are made between the "30.00m and 45.0m marks until the general slope is reached, which is limited by the "30.0m and 60.0m marks. Also on site 24 of horizon 60, Ohm, where the total slope of 460, Ohm - 90, Ohm is being rebuilt. The indicated (F) platforms 23, 24 will be equipped with barriers 18. Simultaneously with these works, the platforms 22, 23 and 24 will be equipped with ramps 26.

From the sites 23, 24 to the slope 21, (fig. 2) in the process of penetrating the ore slope 19 itself, the corresponding descent sleeves 27 and 28 are also rebuilt. They are passed in such a way that in the plan / see Fig. 1/ with the central axis of the shaft 21, an acute angle 29 was created. The lower arms 27 and 28 are also built by the explosive method. Their slope to the horizon line should not be less than the slope of slope 21, i.e. 45 - 507. Rocks from the construction of ore slope 19, sites 22, 23 and 24, downspouts 27 and 28 are passed down to site 16 of concentration horizon 6, from which they are loaded excavators into dump trucks and taken out of the quarry to the b5 surface.

Upon completion of the penetration of the ore slide 19 in the city with the lowering sleeves 27 and 28, it is equipped with other elements. On the lateral sides 20 on the opposite side from the downspouts, ZO baffles are installed, which protect the side 20 from the impact of pieces of rock that are thrown onto the slope 21 along the specified downspouts.

Then, in the lower part of the ore slope 19, below the level of the site 16, they pass the discharge trench 31. It connects

Dudoskat 19 with receiving hopper 12 of transshipment point!0. A mechanical feeder 32 is mounted in the outlet trench 31. The trench 31 is covered with a bridge 33, which under the ore chute 19 has outlet openings 34 with shutters or feeders /the latter are not shown in Fig. 1-1, 2/. The bridge 33 is able to withstand the mass of loaded dump trucks 17 turning on the maneuvering platform 15.

The ore slope 19 on the side of the slope of the ledges 2 is covered with a vertical wall with buttresses 35. In this 7/0 way, an accumulation bunker 36 of the ore slope 19 is created between the side boards 20, the slope 21, the bridge 33 and the vertical wall 35.

The technological process of transporting the mining mass of pit 1 to the surface is carried out after the completion of the construction of all overburdens and the installation of the appropriate equipment and facilities. It consists in the following. Minerals /minerals and mineral raw materials are extracted along the way/ are mined on /5 ledges 2 working sides 25, loaded into dump trucks by 17 excavators. From the ledges located below the concentration horizon /-45.0 - i0.Om/, dump trucks 17 deliver rocks along route 7 in cargo flows through exits 9 to the maneuvering platform 15, platform 16 of concentration horizon 6. Here, the rocks are unloaded into the receiving hopper 12 of the transshipment point 10, and from there the feeders 13 feed into the crusher 11.

From the ledges located above horizon 6, /415.0m -- -90.0m/, the rocks are delivered by dump trucks 17 along route 8 through ramps 26 to maneuvering platforms 22, 23, and 24 of ore slope 19. At these platforms, dump trucks 17 are turned around and unloaded rocks into the downspouts 27, 28, as well as onto the slope 21. Under their own weight, the rocks freely move/skip down into the accumulative bunker 36 of the ore slope 19. At the same time, from the downspouts 27, 28, the rocks flow onto the slope 21, and in the places where the slope joins with sleeves, breeds of

They hit the impact plates of the ZO, where the kinetic energy of the passing pieces is extinguished, change the direction of movement and enter the bunker 36 at much lower speeds. This ensures reliable operation of the ore slide 19. o

Regardless of the operation of motor vehicles on site 15 of site 16, as well as on sites 22, 23 and 24, the rocks from the accumulative bunker 36 are released into the trench 31 through the holes 34. Then, by the mechanical feeder 32, the rocks are transported to the receiving hopper 12 of point 10, from where the feeder 13 are fed into the crusher so 3011.

Crushed rocks from under the crusher 11 are delivered by the transmission conveyor 14 to trench 4, where they are loaded into the conveyor lift 5. With it, the mining mass is released through trench 4 to the surface and sent for further processing, or for loading the means of transport of consumers of minerals in the quarry 1.

When using special conveyor elevators 5, which can transport uncrushed rocks, - 3 out of 5 the transshipment point 10 will have a second structure, for example, there is no crusher 11. But the method of opening the quarry 1 remains generally unchanged.

Calculations show that the implementation of the method of opening during the open development of rock minerals in a limestone quarry with a design capacity of up to bmln.t/year with a depth of up to 200m is economically feasible when reaching a depth of 80 - 100m, where the conveyor elevator will work at a height of 50 - bom with "subsequent deepening of it to 120 - 150 m. This will make it possible to reduce the distance of road transport along the quarry in ssh by an average of 0.8 - 0.9 km, which will ensure the implementation of the planned freight traffic on the mineral with 5 BilAZ-548 dump trucks instead of the existing 7 units. This will make it possible to reduce the cost of fuel and lubricants by 27 - 3095, as well as reduce the material costs of transportation by almost 15 - 1895, which will lead to a decrease in the cost of extracting minerals by 4 - 4,595.

There are about 15 similar quarries operating in Ukraine, as well as about 300 quarries with a capacity of 500 - 2000 thousand cubic meters per year, on which (95) non-metallic construction materials are mined (granites, sandstones, quartzites). The implementation of the disclosure method at these quarries will ensure an even greater reduction of fuel, lubricants and other energy resources, which is extremely important for the growth and reconstruction of the domestic economy as a whole. («c) -i

Claims (1)

The formula of this invention" The method of opening in the open mining of rock minerals, which includes digging a trench for a conveyor lift, ore slope to the concentration horizon, installation of a transshipment point on it, connection of the latter with the trench, construction of maneuvering platforms near the ore slope on the side of the working side of the quarry and on the concentration horizon, which differs in that maneuvering platforms are built at IF) the passage of the ore slope by doubling the ledges through one of the concentration horizon, where the downpipes inclined according to the sites also pass, and the transshipment point is built near the bevel of the concentration horizon, then below its level they pass the outlet trench, connect the ore slope with the transshipment point, cover trench on the concentration horizon by the bridge of the maneuvering area. b5