UA25081U - Device for catching fruit while harvesting with vibration machines - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture and, in particular, to devices for fruit harvesting in horticulture in such a manner as to allowcatching fruit of any mass with simultaneous delivery thereof into package.

Description

Description of the invention

It refers to the field of agriculture, and in particular, to the means of harvesting in horticulture and can be used to catch fruits when they are harvested by vibrating machines.

A well-known device for catching nuts and plums, which works in a unit with vibrating machines. The device consists of a movable frame, on which wings for catching fruits are mounted, inclined to the horizon at an angle slightly greater than their natural slope with a tray in the lower part, where nuts and plums fall by gravity | see book Directory of agricultural machinery designers. Volume Z (additional) / editor. WE. 70 Kletskina. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1964. - P. 260-262, fig. 14).

The disadvantage of the known device is the impossibility of catching fruits larger than nuts and plums (for example, apples, pears, etc.) with their direct collection into a container, which limits its functionality and scope of application.

Thus, the known device for catching fruits in harvesting with vibrating machines has 12 limited functionality and scope.

Therefore, the basis of a useful model is the task of expanding the functional capabilities and the scope of application with the possibility of catching fruits of any weight and simultaneously feeding them into the container.

To solve this problem in the proposed device, which includes a frame, a fruit catcher in the form of an inclined surface and a tray installed on the frame, according to a useful model, the essential features are that the frame is made of two parts, each installed on supporting self-installing wheels with the ability to move on the traction of a self-propelled chassis (tractor), and on each of the parts, upper and lower platforms are placed in tiers, connected by screw supports with the ability to move and be fixed in the required vertical position, and on each platform there is a container in the form of boxes for collecting and transportation of fruits.

On the upper platform, fruit catchers are installed in the form of cells placed throughout the platform and rigidly connected to each other, in the form of a truncated pyramid with a square base placed up, and the top - down, pt") with a transition to the guide path for moving fruits, which placed above the container. The sides of each pyramid are covered with an elastic material to prevent possible damage to fruits falling on them, and are made with cycloid, parabola, arc of a circle and straight profiles to ensure different movement speeds and thus prevent possible jamming of fruits in the guide path. The upper ends of the faces are connected to the sides of the base of the pyramids, and the lower ends are placed at different levels above the guideway. The joint sidewalls on both parts of the frame are covered with elastic material and have symmetrically placed flexible sectors in the middle with the ability to cover tree trunks of different diameters. On the ends of both parts of the frame, remote hydraulic cylinders with clips are installed, with which they are remotely connected and disconnected from each other. Remote hydraulic cylinders are connected by hydraulic lines to the standard hydraulic system of a self-propelled chassis or tractor. 325 From the oscillations of tree branches created by vibrating machines, the fruits break off and fall on the elastic surface of the docked cells, from which four different in profile generative cells enter the container through the guide path.

In the technological process of harvesting with the proposed device, two operators participate, who control two self-propelled chassis or tractors, and each one serves one part of the frame. With 70 Thus, this technical solution, thanks to the capture of fruits of any size and weight, will find wide application in horticulture. c" The presented drawing schematically shows: Fig. 1 - front view of the proposed device; on

Fig. 2 - top view of the device; Fig. 3 is a side view of the device; Fig. A4 is a side view of the cycloid generator; Fig. 5 is a side view of the parabolic generator; in Fig. b - a side view of the arc-shaped factory; Fig. 49 is a side view of a rectilinear factory. o The device for catching the fruits of gardening contains two symmetrical left 1 and right 2 parts with the possibility of 4! remote connection and disconnection between them with the help of remote hydraulic cylinders Z, 4, 5, 6 from the operator's seat. Each part of the device consists of a frame 7, to which four axles 8 are hingedly connected to self-aligning support wheels 9. On the frame 7, it is tiered, on screw supports 10, 11, the lower 14 is fixed to 20 with nuts 12, 13, and the upper 17 is fixed with nuts 15, 16 platforms with the ability to move and be fixed in the required vertical position. Containers (boxes) for picking and transporting fruits are placed on the lower platform 14, and fruit catchers (cells) 18 are placed on the upper platform 17. Catchers (cells) 18 of the right 2 and left 1 parts are located throughout the upper platform 17 and are rigidly connected to each other in the form of a truncated pyramid 19 with a square base placed up and the top down, with a transition to the guide path 20 for moving 22 fruits 2 in container 22. In order to prevent jamming of fruits in the guide path 20, the building blocks (faces) of each pyramid c are made with different profiles in the form of a cycloid 23, a parabola 24, an arc of a circle 25 and a straight line 26, the upper parts of which are connected to each side of the base and are kept vertical planes The lower parts of the generators 23, 24, 25, 26 end at different height distances from the guide path 20 with the possibility of a free passage of fruits 21. 60 Catchers (cells) 18 are placed over the entire surface of the upper platform 17 and are vertically rigidly connected to each other . Fruits 21 will be protected by elastic material 27 from damage when they hit the surface of catchers 18.

The contact surfaces of the left 1 and right 2 parts are also covered with a flexible material 28, and the surfaces interacting with the tree trunk 29 contain spring-loaded sectors 30 with the ability to cover their different diameters. because the working fluid is supplied to the remote hydraulic cylinders 3, 4, 5, b by hydraulic lines 31, 32, 33, 34 from the standard hydraulic system of the self-propelled chassis (tractor).

The technological movement and transportation of the left 1 and right 2 parts of the device is ensured by the connection of their towing eyes 35, 36 of the self-propelled chassis (tractor).

Harvesting of fruits with the proposed device is carried out by two self-propelled chassis (tractors) equipped with vibrators. At the same time, each of them mixes one part with the container and oscillates the trunk and branches of trees only on the side from which the part of the device connected to it is placed.

All technological operations of fruit harvesting, except for the replacement and transportation of containers, are performed by two operators. 70 Harvesting of fruits using the proposed device is carried out as follows.

Before approaching the tree, the tractors bring the left 1 and right 2 parts of the device together and, as their contacting sections reach the place of coverage of the tree trunk 29, stop. With the help of remote hydraulic cylinders 3, 4, 5, 6 and self-adjusting support wheels 9, both parts are connected in such a way that the sectors 30 cover the trunk of the tree 29. Next, the grippers of each tractor (not shown in the diagram) cover the branches /5 of the tree and swing them vibrators The amplitude of oscillations is selected depending on the strength of the connection between the fruits and the tree and preventing them from flying beyond the surfaces of the catchers 18. After shaking all the fruits and their transfer to the container 22 by hydraulic cylinders 3, 4, 5, 6 of the left 1 and right 2 parts of the device, the are connected and moved enough to ensure the possibility of their movement along the row of trees, and at such a distance they are moved further to the next tree. After that, the cycle repeats.

The overall dimensions of the device depend on the size of the tree crowns and the distance between them, so they can be different. But in all cases of technical implementation of the device, the upper and lower platforms must ensure that the fruits fall into their catchers and containers.

The use of the proposed device, in comparison with the known one, will increase the efficiency of the use of vibrating harvesting machines in horticulture due to increasing their productivity, harvesting in a short period of time and reducing its losses at the same time, removing a significant number of workers during the harvesting season to perform other types of work. and will expand the scope of its application. at,

Claims (1)

Formula of the invention "- 30 Device for catching fruits during harvesting by vibrating machines, containing a frame, wings for catching fruits and a tray mounted on the frame, and a self-propelled chassis, which is characterized by the fact that the frame is made of two parts mounted on supports self-installing wheels with the possibility of moving on the traction of the self-propelled chassis, and on each of the parts of the frame, wings are placed in tiers in the form of upper and lower platforms, connected by 35 screw supports with the possibility of moving and fixing in the required vertical position, and c on the lower platform is placed a tray in the form of a container for collecting and transporting fruits, and on the upper platform - fruit catchers in the form of cells located along the entire plane and rigidly connected to each other in the form of truncated pyramids, placed with the square bases up and the tops down, while the tops the pyramids are connected to the guideways for the movement of the fruits, installed above the container, while the creative "pyramid cover covered with elastic material and made with the profiles of cycloids, parabolas, arcs of circles and straight lines, with the upper ends connected to the sides of the base, and the lower ends at different heights with a guide path, and the joint sides of both parts of the frame are covered with elastic material and have in the middle pliable sectors with the ability to cover tree trunks of different diameters are placed symmetrically, and on the ends of both parts of the frame, remote hydraulic cylinders with clips for their remote connection and disconnection with hydraulic lines connected to the standard hydraulic system of the self-propelled chassis are installed. name) 1 («c) at 50 - with 60 b5