UA23008U - Mobile device for rescuing persons from high-rise administrative buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the rescuing equipment and may be used for rescuing the persons from the high-rise administrative buildings.

Description

Description of the invention

The intended invention relates to means for rescuing people, in particular for mass rescue from 2 modern high-rise administrative buildings.

A number of devices for individual rescue of people descending from high-rise buildings are known, such as, for example, a "rigid mine with tension and drive wheels", which actually uses a vertically movable flexible ladder with support rollers inside the shaft of the mine. St. USSR Mo 1251920, Ab2B 1/00, Bul.

May 31, 1986/. Or a "trigger device" in the form of a mine, on suspended chains of which, with the help of rotating sprockets, flat steps for supports are moved vertically! save and use hydraulic brake / author St. USSR Mo 1333342, Ab2B 1/16, Bul. Mo32, 1987/. As well as devices for rescuing and evacuating people from high-rise buildings by more modern authors, in particular "Device for lowering people in emergency situations", which uses an evacuation barrel with a braking device, sequentially installed in the barrel on its central support with the formation of separate chambers for 79 rescuers " /auth. St. USSR. Mo 1540834, AbЭ2В 1/20, Byul. Mo 5, 1990/, And also "Rescue device for evacuating people, which is made in the form of a fire-resistant elastic sleeve, with a hatch and a cover, in which they are moved along vertical container for saving lives / auto. St. USSR Mo 1563709, Ab2B 1/20, Bul. Mo 18, 1990/,

The disadvantage of these devices is that they cannot be used for the mass rescue of people from emergency high-rise buildings, because it is not known where and under what circumstances an accident may occur, and to build such complex technical means of rescue in every building, or to deliver them to the place in a timely manner accidents and mounting for work is very problematic. There are some of our device developments that can somewhat solve the problem of providing emergency homes with the necessary means of saving people in the event of an unforeseen accident in advance. These are such patents of Ukraine, according to class АЭ2В 1/00, 1/20, as MoMo 44118, Byul. Mo 1, 2002 "Device for climbing and descending on a rope"; 44581, Bul. May 2, 2002 "Rescue rope device"; 64046, z

Bul. Mo2, 2004 "Device for lowering people down a fire hose"; 64049, Bul. May 2, 2004 "Rescue device"; 64856, Bul. Mo 3. 2004 "Trigger device"; 68419, Bul. May 8, 2004 "Device for self-rescue by descent", and others.

All these devices are based on the design of flexible rods suspended from the support, which is the window sill of the window opening on the high floor, and various means of securing the victims on the flexible rod while providing insurance for safe descent. The main difference is the means of braking during descents, which were mainly installed on the belt of the rescuer. at

The disadvantage of these devices is that they did not sufficiently solve the problem of mass rescue in the conditions of an accident. Mainly, these are individual means of rescue with the help of rescuers, and especially in the case of 3rd rescue. The second disadvantage of all the above devices is that their use during rescue by descent from high-rise buildings is very dangerous, because the means of insurance do not correspond to the psychophysical qualities possessed not by properly trained athletes-rescuers, but by ordinary people, especially the elderly and children.

The closest in terms of technical essence is the "Rescue release device of S.D. Sokolov", which contains "a mobile vehicle with a frame on which a hinged-lever system is installed and connected with a three-block wire system and an elastic fabric sleeve with loops and a braking device, with inlet and outlet mm holes / auto. St. USSR Mo 1685474, Ab2B 1/20, Bul. Mo39, 1991/, z» The disadvantage of the prototype is that this device has a significant height limitation - the device can perform rescue functions only at a height of about 16-20 storey buildings, because its hinge-lever system has only one "knee" and can raise the sleeve with a receiver for victims on higher buildings, it is untenable.

In addition, its capacity also does not fully meet the needs of mass rescue, because the receiver, the sleeve and the braking device have the ability to pass only one victim for each rescue process, and it is impossible to speed it up, because even then the victims experience high inertial overloads in it .

On the basis of the invention, the task was set, taking into account all the identified positive qualities and especially the shortcomings of the prototype - "S.L. Sokolov's rescue trigger", to create a new device in order to avoid about 20 identified defects and shortcomings and to expand the capabilities of the new device, mainly in ensuring the rescue of people from higher modern buildings, taking into account the basic psychophysiological capabilities, to speed up the process of improving the device with reliable insurance of victims in order to increase the efficiency of rescue and its throughput in emergency conditions from high-rise administrative buildings, in which a large number of people always work on all floors people At the same time, it was taken into account that such emergency situations 29 occur more and more often in modern conditions of urban urbanization, especially now, when the activity of terrorist groups in the world has significantly increased. The most significant example of this was the large-scale disaster of September 11, 2002 at the World Trade Center in New York. For such cases, evacuation stairs in buildings, mobile fire engines, retractable ladders, etc. are usually used. But it is not always possible to use these means at a critical time. Moreover, this technique does not always work and its capabilities are very limited, and the means proposed by our patents have not yet been implemented, because the state does not reach them. Individual means of self-rescue do not solve this problem either. Parachute systems for individual use were created in Russia under the "Rescuer" project - a system for evacuating people in extreme situations from high-rise buildings, an example of which is the creation of the Volan inflatable saucer in the form of a 30 kg knapsack, in the middle of which there is an inflatable structure with a diameter of approximately 8 m. which, like a badminton shuttlecock, should be freely given in the air with the victim lying on his back in his center on a shock-absorbing cushion.

There are no more effective methods of saving people in such situations in the world. Conventional parachutes are unsuitable in such conditions because they open very slowly.

The task is solved by the fact that a mobile device for rescuing people from high-rise administrative buildings, which includes a moving vehicle with a platform on which a system for raising and fixing an elastic rescue sleeve with a means of braking the descent inside, inlet and outlet openings at the ends is installed, according to the intended invention , a truck is used as a moving vehicle, the body of which is a platform for installing a system for lifting and fixing an elastic rescue sleeve, and the descent braking device is made in the form of a suspended inside it on the final 7/0 / pulleys of an endless flexible traction with the possibility of fixing it with a certain equal pitch of the loops of shoulder belts and bicycle-shaped seats, while the inlet and outlet openings of the elastic rescue sleeve are made in the form of inlet and outlet rings, on which end pulleys surrounded by endless flexible traction are installed, the beds of which are made with the possibility of providing reliable friction for braking the descent and passing through them the loops of shoulder straps and seats fixed on the flexible pelvis, and installed on the body platform /5 bistem for raising and fixing the elastic rescue sleeve is made in the form of removable and replaceable launchers, each of which carries a rocket, called equipped with a rescue sleeve and equipped with a hinged and spring-loaded gripping "cat" with a super-powerful permanent magnet.

The technical and consumer-practical result, achieved thanks to the use of the entire set of distinguishing features of the proposed device, is that it was possible to create a new device capable of ensuring the 2o execution of the descent of people and higher buildings and significantly increasing the throughput when rescuing them in conditions of safety and reliability insurance. This was achieved by changing the system of lifting and hanging the lifeline with the help of rocket transportation and means of fixing the movement of victims in it, providing them with the necessary level of insurance, which is very important in the modern conditions of urbanization of cities and the spread of terrorist attacks and other emergencies in high-rise administrative buildings. ov Always filled with a large number of people, and there are no reliable means of mass rescue anywhere in the world yet.

The essence of the proposal is explained by the drawing, where in fig. 1 shows a mobile device for rescuing people from high-rise administrative buildings when traveling to the scene of an accident; in fig. 2 - the same, rear view in readiness for descent; in fig. C - the same, when preparing for rescue operations - launching a rocket; in fig. 4 - the same, when arranging the rescue hose receiver in the window opening of a high-rise building; in fig. so zo 5 - the same, rear view, enlarged, with a gap; in fig. 6 - the same, side view; in fig. 7 - fragment - preparation for descent of the first victim; in fig. 8 - the same, at the beginning of the descent; in fig. 9 - the same, about the process of current descent; in fig. 10 - a means of fixing the victim on a flexible beam using a loop on the shoulder belt and an elastic seat of a bicycle form, rear and front view; in fig. 11 - rocket launcher, rescue sleeve; and endless flexible traction, in axonometry, and with a gap in the middle; in fig. 12 - a fragment of the rocket and its "cat", mounted on the guide of the launcher, top view, schematically; in fig. 13 - the same, the upper ring of the sleeve and the means of suspension of the endless flexible traction; in fig. 14 - the same, the lower ring of the sleeve and the means of fixing the endless flexible traction; in fig. 15 - launcher on the back of the mobile device body, top view, schematic; in fig. 16 - a rocket with a "cat", installed by elastic racks on the upper ring of the sleeve, schematically; in fig. 17 - means of fixation of the "victim" - the loop of the shoulder belt and the elastic seat of the bicycle form in the original and working condition on the descending branch of the endless traction, rear and side view; in fig. 18 - both branches of the endless thrust with . means of fixing victims, side and rear view; in fig. 19 - a means of grasping the thickenings of an infinite y? flexible traction of the surfaces of the beds of the upper and lower pulleys of the braking mechanism; in fig. 20 - pulleys of the variator of the length of the endless flexible traction, schematically, an appendix to fig. 15.

Specifically, the device for rescuing people from high-rise administrative buildings includes a vehicle ko /truck/ 1, on the platform 2 of the body of which removable and replaceable launchers are mounted. From three different in terms of fuel volume and the length of the rescue sleeve 4 rockets 5. When moving to the place Adventure rockets with o their launchers Z are tilted forward and rest on a stand behind the cabin /not shown/, and to bring their installations Z into working position they are driven by the actions of a car winch on hinges 6 in 5r Vertical position /fig. 1, 2/. The process of using the device will be disclosed in the corresponding section of the description. o Launchers Z are installed on the common platform 2 /bottom of the body/ for three missiles. They differ in the volume of fuel and the length of the rescue hose 4 to ensure emergency work in multi-story buildings 7. Each unit C has an output ring 8, inside which guides 9, made of elastic metal, are fixed on the platform. On the platform 7 inside the ring 8 on the u-shaped rack 10, two two pulleys 11 are installed - one for the lifting 12, and the other for the lowering 13 branch of the endless flexible rod 14, which in the turned state is contained inside the sleeve /fig. 11/. From above, the sleeve is fixed on the upper hanging ring 15, inside of which a hanging pulley 17 is installed on an arched rack 16. The rings 8 and 15 have mutually perpendicular ears 18. In the same way, the guides 9 are placed, which are fixed on the platform 7 rigidly around the circle of the ring 8 and freely pass through the lugs 18. The sleeve 4 connects the rings 8 and 15 and its entire length is folded in a corrugated form inside between the guides 9 and it rests with its entire mass on the bottom of the platform under the ring 8. The channel that is formed between the folds sleeve in the middle of it, filled with endless flexible traction 14 - its branches 12 and 13, which are folded in this channel and connected together /fig. 11/. To the ears 18 of the ring 15 are attached racks 19 of flexible and elastic heat-resistant material. The missile body 5, which has stabilizing wings 20, is fixed on the racks 19 from above, and on top of the body - a "cat" is hinged and 65 spring-loaded to it - its "claws" 21, rod 22 and spring 23 are equipped with a super-powerful /not shown/ permanent magnet / MIV or Mangev - magnets with rare earth elements, mlum dapsadaga.sot/tadnpeiv.pit

/fig. 16/,

The flexible thrust 14 is made of tear-resistant material as thin and light as possible, as well as the threads of the net from which the sleeve 4 is woven, because all these elements together with the rocket must rise up to the upper floors or to the roofs of high-rise buildings.

Fixation of the victims on the flexible beam 14 is provided by the loops of the shoulder belts 24, which the victims put on themselves or with the help of a rescuer. These loops are dimensionless - they fit any figure of the victim, as well as elastic seats 25, which are made elastic taking into account the speed of application, putting on and removing them and sufficient reliability of use and insurance. The belt loops 24 and the seat 25 of the bicycle form are fixed 7/0 equally, and on the lifting 12 and on the lowering 13 branches of the thrust 14 with a full step distance from each other. At the same time, these elements do not have limbs and sharp corners, which makes it possible to avoid delays in the rescue process.

Thus, the seat has a rigid fastening at the base, and that part of it, on which the victim rests, has a ring 26, which moves freely along the beam 14 and in working condition provides a reliable elastic support, and after support it straightens and this makes it possible to better cover the surfaces of the beds of the brakes pulleys / fig. 13, 14, 17, 18/,.

In order to ensure reliable engagement of the flexible traction with the surfaces of the pulley beds, thickenings 27 are also made on them with a certain distance step, for which the corresponding grooves 28 are made in the pulleys, in their beds.

Although the Z launchers differ in the length of the thrust 14 and this makes their choice easier, but there is always a lack of clarification. Therefore, to change the length of this traction when specifying its tension on pulleys at different heights of buildings, a special tool is used - its length variator 29 /fig. 15, 19, 20/, which is closely connected with the mechanism 2 of the braking of the endless flexible traction 14 and the engine of the vehicle - car 1. The possibilities of rotation of the cardan shaft of the car are used for cocking the launchers. ends of 8 with a winch, which should be in the car. Traction braking 14 is also provided by the engine - its gearbox. The revolutions of the cardan shaft are transmitted to the axis of the driving sprocket 31 of the launcher Z and through the endless chain 32 - to the driven sprockets 33, and therefore to the pulleys 34, fixed on their axes /fig. 16, 20/,. The lower end of the rod 14 is used to change its length and level, its tension. This end of the thrust of each launcher Z provides the possibility of shortening, or vice versa - lowering and increasing the working length of the thrust 14 due to winding it on pulleys 34, or by moving it further from the rocket or closer to it, the endless chain 32 together with its sprockets 33 and pulleys 34, and for the selective inclusion of one or another installation Z, U-shaped keys Z5 are used, which connect or disconnect these pulleys with the stars 33 so and so through their connecting chain 32 /fig. 15, 20/. Starting, stopping and braking traction 14 during the descent of victims is also performed by switching and controlling the engine. This is achieved by winding the end of the traction 14 on the pulley 34 as shown in Fig. 19. Fr

Use a mobile device in this way. According to the alarm signal, the rescue device is directed to the scene of the accident and on the move, the driver puts the installations C in the combat position /fig. 1, 2/. The car is stopped under the middle wall of the building - closer to the place of rescue as shown in fig. 3, 4, 5, 6. Then the rescue hose 4 is hung from the window opening or the roof of the building, where it is most convenient to perform emergency descents. To do this, launch the rocket of the installation 3 that best meets the conditions of rescue, aiming it at some selected metal object. The "cat" of the rocket at the initial launch is separated and detached from the guide 9 and they are directed, passing and directing their flight. When approaching a magnetically attractive object on the surface of a building under the influence of a magnet, the "cat" leans towards it and, changing the trajectory of the missile's flight, grabs onto it with its "claws" 21 /fig. 3, 4, 16/. At the very beginning of the launch, the rocket moves along the guides, and then freely descends from the guides 9. At the same time, the lugs 18 of its racks 19 together with the ring 15 and ;" the pulley 17 moves behind the rocket and drags the sleeve 4 and the flexible rod 14 placed in its middle with its shoulder belt loops 24 and seats 25, which are folded in advance so as not to exert excessive resistance to the rocket

In her flight. At the end of the rocket's flight, it slows down and falls on the object, clinging to it like a "cat". In order to ensure the reliability of fixing it and the sleeve on the object, the rescuer climbs up using a flexible rod 14, which he holds on to when pulling it up by the car engine, or manually by an assistant, and only after checking the reliability of the sleeve fixing, the rescuer gives a mobile phone o command down to the start of the descent. In advance, he secures the first victim with a belt 24 and explains to him and the rest of them how to use the belt 24, the seat 25 and how to behave during the descent and what to do. At the o signal, the driver turns on the engine and moves from the place of the first victim, who descends inside the sleeve in the position shown in fig. 10, and also fig. 7, 8, 9. After 5-10 seconds. descent, the driver stops the movement of traction 14 and the rescuer secures the next victim /fig. 8, 9/. In the same way - discretely, with a time interval of 5-10 seconds, a mass descent of the victims is carried out, each of whom, upon approaching the body, stands up and quickly takes off the belt 24, leaves it and leaves the body - giving the next victim the opportunity to land.

After the descent, the rescuer uses his climbing means to lower the hole between the guide 9, the sleeve 4 and the rod 14. He takes the rocket and the "cat" with him and also descends to the platform using his standard climbing means. The proposed device is also used.

When using one launcher Z, the descent is served by a team of rescuers consisting of three people - a driver, a climber and a foreman, who have three mobile phones. The capacity of one installation is 60-120 people per hour. If other installations 3, prepared in advance in the park for work at this object, are used, then the capacity can be significantly expanded with the same crew - up to 300 people per hour.

This is how the device is used during the emergency descent of people using the engine of the device, which depends 65 on the skill of the crew and especially the driver.

Manual control of descent is performed in case of failure of the equipment of the device. For this, the movement of the flexible traction is provided by the weight of the victims fixed on it, and its mode of movement is provided by the periodic braking of the pulley of the unit 3 to which it belongs. At the same time, according to the descent regulations, the nut 36 with the handrail is screwed on manually, or the nut 36 with the handrail is screwed onto the axis of this pulley, which presses against its braking surface the braking disc 37, which is spring-loaded to it, fixed by supports on the platform 7 of the car body / fig. 20/.

The casualty receiver is made in the form of a loop /cut/ 38 in the upper part of the sleeve 4 /fig. 6/.

The technical and consumer-practical advantage of the proposed device over the prototype is that the authors took into account the shortcomings of the prototype of the "S.L. Sokolov Rescue Trigger" and tried to avoid them as much as possible when developing their design, taking into account the neurophysiological characteristics of people /o and their physical abilities and new technical achievements. This development included the creation of a specially adapted technical means - a car suitable for launching modern mini-missiles, and their use and correction of their movement with the help of a supermagnet, the use of a life-saving mesh sleeve woven from light, tear-resistant fire-resistant threads, flexible traction also produced from similar material and adjusting the control of a special car not only for the accelerated delivery of the device to the accident site, but also to ensure and implement the most effective algorithm for the mass descent of people in the event of an accident from high-rise, usually crowded, administrative buildings. Taken together, all this made it possible to increase the capacity of the device with more reliable insurance of victims and with the possibility of rescue from higher buildings, including some skyscrapers.

The authors are convinced that the development of such devices and their implementation in the process of saving people is an important state matter.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention is a mobile device for rescuing people from high-rise administrative buildings, which includes a moving vehicle with a platform on which a system of lifting and fixing an elastic rescue sleeve with a means of braking the descent inside, inlet and outlet openings at the ends is installed, which is distinguished by the fact that as the moving vehicle used is a truck, the body of which is a platform for installing the system of lifting and fixing the elastic rescue sleeve, and the means of braking the descent is made in the form of a suspension suspended inside it on the end pulleys of an endless flexible traction with the possibility of fixing on it with a certain equal pitch of loops shoulder belts and bicycle-shaped seats, while the input and (av) output holes of the elastic rescue sleeve are made in the form of input and output rings, on which end pulleys covered by endless flexible traction are installed, the beds of which are made with the possibility of ensuring reliable friction for braking the descent and passing through them loops of shoulder belts and seats fixed on a flexible cable, and the system for raising and fixing the elastic rescue sleeve installed on the body platform is made in the form of removable and replaceable launchers, each of which carries a rocket connected to rescue sleeve and equipped with a hinged and spring-loaded gripping "cat" with a super-powerful permanent magnet. " - and? name) (95) («c) («c) IR e) 60 b5