UA155570U - Method of transformer oil regeneration - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of transformer oil regeneration includes supplying contaminated transformer oil to a column with a sorbent, regenerating and filtering the oil, and reactivating the sorbent by burning. At the same time, gases are additionally cleaned from the emission products in the catalytic converter and released into the atmosphere. Fuller's earth is used as a sorbent. The sorbent is reactivated at a temperature in the column in the range of 550-750 °C. 13

Description

The useful model belongs to the technique of regeneration of used oils and can be used for the regeneration of mineral industrial and insulating oils at oil refineries, metal processing, assembly, repair and operating organizations engaged in the processing of insulating oils, transport enterprises.

Most power equipment uses transformer oil because of its dielectric properties to cool, insulate, and protect live parts. Transformer oils are highly refined oils that consist mainly of a mixture of hydrocarbons. Over time, oxidation products begin to form in the oil, which leads to an increase in acidity (neutralization number) and a decrease in the interfacial tension of the oil. At this stage, sludge begins to form and the oil loses its dielectric properties as it ages. To prevent further deterioration of the oil and possible damage to the active part of the transformer, the oil must be regenerated (pErz://mlum.ekoychnia.sot/gapvtopteg-oiI-tedepegayyop-yedpirtepy/.

There is a known method of transformer oil regeneration, which consists in cleaning the oil from aging products by absorbing these products with an adsorbent placed in an adsorber and regenerating the adsorbent. Silica gel is used as an adsorbent, and for its regeneration, silica gel is first heated to a temperature of 170-195 "С, and then cooled to room temperature with air and water (ША 6889 у, IPC: СТОМ 175/00, publ. 16.05.2005, Bull. Mo 5).

However, this method of regeneration of used oils is quite complicated both in the production of equipment and in the process of operation, and has problems with regard to disposal of emissions.

There is a known method of transformer oil regeneration, which consists in cleaning the oil from aging products by absorbing these products on the surface of the adsorbent placed in the adsorbers, filtering from mechanical impurities and stabilizing the oil with the help of an additive, in which the oil is chased by feeding it from below through the adsorbers, and after filtering it is fed into a mixing tank loaded with an antioxidant additive at operating temperature and thoroughly mixed with a centrifuge (SHA 389623 OO, IPC: СТОМ 175/00, С100 25/00, publ. 05/15/2001, Bull. Mo 4).

The specified method does not allow obtaining transformer oil 3 with high electrical insulating properties due to the fact that a high degree of its purification from mechanical impurities and foreign liquids and gases is not achieved.

З A known method of regeneration of used oils, which consists of settling, filtering, using cleaning filters, and preheating, in which the oil is loaded into a container for settling, then the settled oil is poured into a chamber in which the oil is heated by gas or electricity, at the next stage the heated oil is poured through cleaning filters into a tank for purified oil, where the settling tank is equipped with a concentrator for excitation of ultrasonic vibrations, with the help of which oil droplets break off from the surface of the oil and are sent through the pipeline to the heating chamber, impurities remain in the settling tank due to due to different physico-chemical properties of the material than oil, then the oil that has undergone primary purification is heated in the heating chamber by waves of ultrahigh-frequency radiation (HF), which are generated by a microwave heater, which achieves uniform and rapid heating of the oil to the required temperature and required viscosity , which is measured by the installed viscometer, when the required viscosity of the oil is reached, the electromagnetic valve is activated, which ensures the flow of oil through the cleaning filters into the tank for cleaned oil, the control of the process of cleaning the used oil is carried out by the microprocessor control unit and the electromagnetic valves of the centrifuge (ША 81723 у, IPC: STOM 175/00, publ. 10.07.2013, Bull. Mo 13).

This method of regeneration of used oils is quite complicated both in the production of equipment and in the process of operation, it has low regeneration efficiency and low productivity.

There is a known method of cleaning used oils, in which the used oil is mixed with an alkaline reagent at different ratios and the purified oil is further settled, and the waste product of caprolactam production is used as a reagent - alkaline adipine plasticizer (PASH) (KO 2500794 C1, IPC: С1ОМ 175/00, publ. 10.12.2013, Bull. Mo

By).

This method of regeneration of used oils is quite complicated in the process of operation, has low regeneration efficiency and low productivity, and there are also problems with disposal of emissions.

There is a known method of regeneration of used transformer oils and cleaning them from aging products that are in the container, which involves the following operations: - installation of a waveguide above the container of transformer oils, which has a truncated hollow cone, the top of which is directed to the transformer oil coaxially with the container,

- oil regeneration is carried out due to the influence of ions and water molecules flowing from the surface of the waveguide and the hollow truncated cone, which surround these surfaces, due to which the ions of water molecules interact with the radicals of the transformer oil, coagulation of aging products and their falling to the bottom of the container, as a result of which spent transformer oils are regenerated and cleaned of aging products |KO 2454455 С1, МПК: СТ1ОМ 175/02; STOM 40/16; VO10 21/00; VO10 57/00; C106 32/02; C106 32/04, publ. 27.06.2012, Bull. Mo 18 |.

The specified method of regeneration of used oils is quite complicated both in the production of equipment and in the process of operation, it has a low regeneration efficiency and insignificant productivity due to the duration of processing, and there are also problems regarding the disposal of emissions.

There is a known method of regeneration of used transformer oil using calcium carbide, in which the used oil is successively passed through three layers, while in the first layer, calcium carbide of the KM or 2/25 grades is used or sifted calcium carbide, in which drainage and neutralization of acidic impurities are carried out; in the second layer - a mixture of quartz sand of small fractions with a particle size of 0.1 to 0.63 mm with alumina or fine-grained silica gel of the MSCG or ASKG brands in a mass ratio (1-10):1, in which adsorption and filtration are carried out; in the third layer - coarse-grained silica gel of the KSKG brand or its mixture with quartz sand of a large fraction with a particle size of 1.6 to 7 mm, in which, simultaneously with percolation, degassing is carried out using a vacuum, which continues in a thin layer of oil until the collection of refined oil (KO 2433165 C1, IPC: ST1OM 175/02, published on November 10, 2011, Bul. Mo 311.

The disadvantages of the existing method include the complexity of the technology, due to the multi-stage and long-term processing of used oil.

There is a known method of regeneration of spent transformer oils by successive percolation through two layers of sorbents, in which a mixture of quartz sand of a fine fraction with a particle size of 0.1 to 0.63 mm and alumina in the mass ratio (1-5):1 is used as the first layer. as a second layer - coarse-grained sorbent, for example, brand silica gel

KSK, quartz sand of a large fraction with a particle size of 1.25 to 5 mm or their mixture, in which

At the same time as percolation, degassing is carried out using a vacuum, which continues in a thin layer of oil until the collection of purified oil (KO 2394878 С1, IPC: С1ОМ 175/02, publ. 07/20/2010, Bull. Mo 20 |.

This method of regeneration of used oils is quite complicated from the point of view of preparation and proper observance of layering of sorbents, has low processing efficiency, and also has problems regarding the disposal of used sorbents.

There are known ways of cleaning transformer oils, which are carried out by various technical solutions of world manufacturers.

For example, on the website under: /Liumly epegmas.sotygapvopteg-oiI-rigitsayop-zuzietv the introduction of transformer oil purification technology in the products of the Canadian company Te

Siage-Keiyapse Sotrapu, in particular regarding the transformer oil regeneration station

EMERKMAS, which provides all the benefits of fuller earth treatment without the associated problems of disposal of contaminated clay or the high cost of replacing saturated earth. At the end of the service life of the regeneration medium, which is usually 300 times longer than that of fuller's earth, it is simply disposed of in a conventional landfill. Ideal for high productivity, the installation is available in a mobile or stationary version.

In this station, the used oil is heated and filtered before entering the columns, which are filled with an adsorbing medium. During this phase, the primary physical parameters of the oil are restored. After leaving the columns, the oil passes through a degassing unit and a filter, which return the oil to its original state. The columns eventually become saturated and must be reactivated. This reactivation is performed inside the column and does not require removal of the adsorbent. The reactivation process usually takes 12 hours, during which time another column is used to treat the oil. Epeguas' unique control system ensures 24-hour processing. After reactivation, the column is ready for processing again. On average, 300 to 500 reactivations per column ensure that the media only needs to be changed every three to five years. After exhaustion, the sorbent is reactivated for the last time, and then it is thrown away as dry waste to a regular landfill - it is completely free of any greasy waste.

This method of regeneration of used oils does not sufficiently clean the gaseous products of reactivation, the main drawback is the level of emissions of harmful gases during the reactivation of the sorbent. on the site / pOrz:/Likegmas.sopt/rgodisi-deiyaiyiv/Lgapviopteg-oiI-rygiie!-todeI-mrp information is given on the introduction of transformer oil purification technology in the products of the Canadian company Rikegmas Ipiegpaiiopai Ips. Stationary, portable and mobile high-vacuum purifiers of transformer oils Rijeguas (model MRN) are used for degassing, dehydration, filtration and additional deoxidation of transformer oils. MRN works equally well with other dielectric fluids such as silicone fluids. Process

MRN is able to increase and maintain the dielectric strength of the oil by removing free and dissolved water, free and dissolved gases and solid particles. The standard transformer oil cleaner is designed for oil treatment in workshops, storage tanks or directly in live or de-energized transformers. Rikeg/as offers different transformer oil cleaning flow rates and options to meet the requirements of each customer. Additional features offered include conventional Fuller filter(s) or acidity and color correction columns.

This method of regeneration of used oils does not sufficiently clean the gaseous products of reactivation, the main drawback is the level of emissions of harmful gases during the reactivation of the sorbent.

The website perz:/Lymlu.geagadop.sa/ provides information on the introduction of transformer oil purification technology in the products of the Canadian company Kedgadop Sogrogayop.

The TOK5 system restores the transformer to the state of the original oil, removes corrosive sulfur and all by-products of the aging of transformer oils.

This method of regeneration of used oils does not sufficiently clean the gaseous products of reactivation, the main drawback is the level of emissions of harmful gases during the reactivation of the sorbent.

On the site perz:/Lyuimlu.ecoitsia. so tygapetogteg-oii-gedepegayop provides information on the introduction of transformer oil purification technology in the products of an Austrian company

eKoptia Citrn.

All equipment for the regeneration of transformer oils produced by EKoypia is fully automatically controlled by the RI C system and visualized by the ZSAVA system. As standard, all installations consist of 9 or 18 column modular sections, each of which contains approximately 1200 kg of sorbent. Transformer oil regeneration equipment is capable of regenerating all mineral-based transformer oil and has the ability to reactivate the sorbent media for continuous on-site operation. All blocks are placed in standard containers

From IBOs 6 or 12 meters long, specially modified for placement of blocks. Each unit is transported by truck on site and attached to its own wheelbase. The weight of individual units ranges from 12,000 to 18,000 kg. In case of a certain requirement, the unit can be lifted from the wheel base and placed in a certain position.

The specified method of regeneration of used oils does not sufficiently purify the gaseous products of reactivation, the main drawback is the level of emissions of harmful gases during the reactivation of the sorbent.

As the closest analogue, the one published on the website pEr/Lumly.getehepd.so.2a/gedepegaiiop-riapib/ was chosen, with additional information on the introduction of transformer oil purification technology in the products of the South African company KEMEH EMOSIMEEKIMO.

The Ketech Mobile Regeneration System regenerates transformer oil by removing acidity, sediment, soluble oil breakdown products and improves oil color using Fuller's earth treatment technology. When the treatment is complete, the regenerated oil meets or exceeds international new oil standards with lower acidity and improved tan delta, interfacial tension and oxidation resistance. The cellulosic insulation and internal components of the transformer also benefit from the flushing effect of multiple passes of hot regenerated oil, which helps remove decay products and sludge from the internal surfaces.

However, the method does not sufficiently clean the gaseous products of reactivation, the main drawback is the level of emissions of harmful gases during the reactivation of the sorbent.

The basis of a useful model is the task of improving the method of regeneration of transformer oils, in which the improvement of existing and the introduction of new technological operations would allow to increase the productivity and quality of oil regeneration, would eliminate the problems of disposal of spent sorbents, increase the purification of products released into the atmosphere, and would contribute to environmental safety.

The problem is solved by the fact that in the method of regeneration of transformer oils, which includes supplying contaminated transformer oil to a column with a sorbent, carrying out regeneration and filtering of the oil, and carrying out the reactivation of the sorbent by burning, according to a useful model, additional purification from emission products is carried out in the catalytic converter of gases and releasing them into the atmosphere. 60 Fuller's earth can be used as a sorbent in the method of transformer oil regeneration.

In the method of regeneration of transformer oils, reactivation of the sorbent can be carried out at a temperature in the column in the range of 550-750 "С.

The proposed method allows to increase the productivity and quality of oil regeneration, eliminates the problems of disposal of spent sorbents, increases the purification of products released into the atmosphere, and contributes to environmental safety.

The advantages of the transformer oil regeneration method: - extend the service life of the transformer, restoring the quality of the transformer oil, similar to the state of new oil; - oil regeneration is much cheaper than replacement with new oil; - minimum downtime, as a result, no loss of income, since oil regeneration can be performed "online"/transformer under voltage; - environmentally safe, as the available oil is reused; there will also be no danger from oil spills and PCB contamination, including problems with the disposal of old oil, cleaning up products released into the atmosphere; - oil regeneration removes sludge that accumulates and settles on the inner core and coils of the transformer, which cannot be done with a traditional oil change; - oil regeneration can be carried out continuously in most weather conditions, and during the oil change, the inner core of the transformer is not exposed to adverse weather conditions.

The useful model is explained by the scheme of the transformer oil regeneration station and drawings of individual structural elements.

In Fig. 1 shows the diagram of the transformer oil regeneration station; in Fig. 2 - a column with a sorbent; in Fig. C - intermediate capacity; in Fig. 4 - water and product vapor condensation trap during sorbent reactivation; in Fig. 5 - silencer; in Fig. 6 - carbon filter; in Fig. 7 - buffer capacity;

From in Fig. 8 - catalytic gas converter.

Description of symbols on the diagrams: 1 - columns with sorbent; 2 - intermediate capacity;

C - a trap; 4 - muffler; 5 - carbon filter; 6 - coarse cleaning filter; 7 - fine cleaning filter; 8 - buffer capacity; 9 - radiator; 10 - air heater at the inlet to the catalytic gas converter; 11 - catalytic gas converter 12 - inhibitor mixer; 13- gear pump; 14 - venter pump; 15 - engine; 16 - vacuum pump; 17 - vortex compressor; 18 - temperature sensors; 19 - input flange of the column; 20 - sorbent ignition device; 21 - output flange of the column; 22 - service hatch in the lower part of the column; 23 - trap level tube; 24 - emergency condensate level sensor; 25 - muffler drain valve; 26 - service hatch in the carbon filter; 27 - condensate drain tap; 28 - service hatch in the buffer tank; 60 29 - faucets for draining oil;

ЗО - inspection tubes in the buffer tank; 31, 32 - parallel branches of the catalytic gas converter.

The transformer oil regeneration station is a frame structure on which containers, pipelines and pumping equipment are mounted.

The regeneration unit is a part of the equipment where the chemical properties of the product are restored. Recovery (cleaning) occurs with the help of a sorbent.

The station is also equipped with a system of multiple reactivation of the sorbent.

Columns 1 with a sorbent (Fig. 1) are connected to an intermediate container 2 for the initial collection of reactivation products, connected to a trap C in the form of a container for condensation of water vapor and the product, and then in series with a radiator 9, a vacuum pump 16, a muffler 4 and a coal a filter 5 for adsorption of harmful impurities, connected to a parallel air supply line by a vortex compressor 17 through a radiator 9, a muffler 4, a heater 10 to create a mixture of gaseous reactivation products with hot air and supply the mixture to the catalytic converter 11 of gases discharged into the atmosphere, columns 1 with the sorbent are connected to the buffer tank, while the station is equipped with an inhibitor mixer 12, a rough cleaning filter 6, an engine 15, a gear pump 13, and a centrifugal pump 14.

Columns 1 with a sorbent (Fig. 2) absorb decomposition products, aging and sulfur. Each column 1 is equipped with temperature sensors 18 located along the entire height of the column 1 of column 1 and at the lower and upper points of other columns 1. The upper part of column 1 is made with an inlet flange 19 and has a device 20 for igniting the sorbent. A screen (not shown) is placed in the lower part of the column 1 from the side of the outlet flange 21 to keep the sorbent inside the column 1. For maintenance and cleaning, a service hatch 22 is provided in the lower part of the column 1.

When the sorbent burns, the heat in column 1 moves from top to bottom. 18 temperature sensors are used to monitor the combustion process. The combustion process takes place at a normal temperature of about 650-750 "C. The combustion process lasts about 16 hours. After the lower part of column 1 cools down to a temperature below 90 "C, the reactivation process is considered complete.

Intermediate container 2 (Fig. 3) is used for receiving the product, catching and discharging air during regeneration. Also during reactivation of the sorbent in intermediate tank 2

Product waste is collected from it, which is pumped into the buffer tank 8 (Fig. 7).

An automatic air release valve 22 is provided for air release in container 8.

Trap C (Fig. 4) is intended for condensation of water vapor and product during reactivation of the sorbent. In trap C, the combustion products of heavy components and moisture are separated. A level tube 23 and a condensate emergency level sensor 24 are provided in trap C. Trap C is designed to reduce the effect of exhaust on the vacuum pump 16.

Radiator 9 cools exhaust gases (gaseous products of reactivation).

The muffler 4 (Fig. 5) reduces the noise level during the operation of the vacuum system of the pump 16 and additionally cools the exhaust gases (gaseous products of reactivation). During operation, muffler 4 may collect condensate. A drain tap 25 is provided for its draining.

Carbon filter 5 (Fig. 6) adsorbs harmful impurities during the reactivation of the sorbent. In the process of sorbent reactivation, sorbent combustion products are released. Activated carbon is used to clean combustion products. Coal is poured into the coal filter 5.

A supporting screen is provided to maintain the coal layer in the filter 5, a service hatch 26 is provided for discharging coal, and a drain valve 27 is provided for draining condensate.

Filter 6 coarse cleaning catches particles larger than 5 μm.

Fine-cleaning filter 7 catches particles larger than 1 μm.

Buffer capacity 8 is used to store the product reserve at the station. The reserve is necessary to compensate for product losses during sorbent reactivation. During reactivation, part of the product burns out, and part is pumped into the buffer tank 8, in which two are provided

BO compartments. One compartment is "Siep OY Agea" and the other "Oipu OY Ageeva". "Seap OY Agea" is intended for storage of clean product entering the station during refueling, as well as when draining oil from columns 1 before reactivation. "turnip OY Agea" is intended for storage of the contaminated product during the reactivation of the sorbent. It is recommended to drain at least 60 liters of sediment before each reactivation.

A service hatch 28 is provided for maintenance of the buffer tank 8, taps 29 are provided for draining the oil, inspection tubes 30 are provided for monitoring the liquid levels in the compartments of the buffer tank 8.

The air heater 10 for supplying hot air to the catalytic converter 11 of gases (Fig. 8) reduces the amount of harmful substances that are discharged into the atmosphere. The mixture of hot air with gaseous reactivation products activates and supports the efficient operation of the catalytic converter. The catalytic converter 11 of gases of the transformer oil regeneration station is made in the form of two parallel branches 31, 32 with two sequentially installed housings in each branch 31, 32. Each housing has a honeycomb structure based on ceramics, which is lined with precious metals.

The first in branch 31 is an emission reduction catalyst that uses platinum and rhodium in the cellular environment to reduce MOx emissions. Nitrogen gases come into contact with metal catalysts, which cut nitrogen atoms from molecules, which, in turn, releases pure oxygen. The second catalyst in branch 32 is an oxidation catalyst that uses Riapite and Raisin to do the work. These catalysts oxidize or burn carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.

The method of regeneration of transformer oils is carried out as follows.

The essence of the regeneration process is to pass the oil through the columns, each of which contains as an adsorbent fuller's earth - a substance with a microporous structure. At the same time, all harmful impurities and aging products are retained in the adsorbent granules. Cloudy and brown oil becomes clean and transparent. The breakdown voltage increases, the acid number and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle decrease. Thanks to regeneration, the used oil restores its properties to the level of new and is reused in the transformer for insulation and heat removal.

As soon as the quality of oil regeneration ceases to meet the requirements, the installation can be switched to the sorbent reactivation mode. The properties of the sorbent are restored by burning under vacuum, after which it is used again for the regeneration of transformer oil.

The method includes supplying contaminated transformer oil to a column with a sorbent - fuller's earth, carrying out regeneration and filtering of the oil and carrying out reactivation of the sorbent by burning, and additional cleaning of emission products in the catalytic converter of gases and their discharge into the atmosphere.

With long-term use of oils, their aging occurs. The products of oil degradation are various chemical components that negatively affect both the characteristics of the oil as a dielectric and the operation of electrical devices. To eliminate this problem, it is necessary to periodically regenerate the oil.

З The product is pumped through the regeneration unit. During regeneration, the sorbent is saturated with decay products that are absorbed by the sorbent. When the sorbent stops absorbing the products of oil decay and aging, it must be reactivated, that is, the sorbent reactivation mode must be activated. To do this, it is necessary to stop the regeneration.

After emptying the columns, the sorbent is ignited. During reactivation, the sorbent burns out, the temperature in the columns can be within 550-750"С. During the burning of the sorbent, product residues and combustion products are pumped to the buffer tank 8.

The reactivation process can last about 13-19 hours. After the reactivation is completed, the system issues an offer to refuel the columns from the buffer tank.

The temperature of the sorbent is monitored during operation by temperature sensors 18, which are mounted in columns 1. The temperature on sensors 18 increases gradually from top to bottom.

A vacuum pump 16 is used to maintain the burning of the sorbent.

After the cooling of the columns 1, the station, if necessary, refills the columns 1, using the product from the buffer tank 8.

After 300 to 500 reactivations, the sorbent in columns 1 loses its sorption properties. When the sorbent is completely exhausted, it must be replaced.

To replace the sorbent, it is recommended to reactivate the sorbent. This will allow safe disposal of the sorbent. In the "reactivated" (dry) state, the sorbent is absolutely safe and can be disposed of as construction waste.

Carbon filter 5 was used to neutralize exhaust during sorbent reactivation at the station.

After 20-30 reactivations of the sorbent, coal loses its properties. It is recommended to replace the coal after 30 reactivations.

Claims (2)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. The method of regeneration of transformer oils, which includes the supply of contaminated transformer oil to a column with a sorbent, the regeneration and filtration of the oil, and the reactivation of the sorbent by burning, which is distinguished by the fact that it is additionally cleaned of emission products in the catalytic converter of gases and their release into the atmosphere. 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that fuller's earth is used as a sorbent. C. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the reactivation of the sorbent is carried out at a temperature in the column in the range of 550-750 "С. . yy My me mch M kyy 2 I? 10 1 8 j 16 Ш My U ; schi SHY G | pot9 4 5 - 5 nn J u o o o o 7 o o o oh | - 14 SA and Fig