UA154298U - THE METHOD OF EQUIPMENT OF A COMPLEX OF HYDROTECHNICAL STRUCTURES IN THE FLOODWATER OF SMALL RIVERS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THEIR HYDROLOGICAL REGIME - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of arranging a complex of hydrotechnical structures in the floodplain of small rivers to control their hydrological regime includes the construction of a pit for an artificial reservoir and a water intake structure. The construction of an embankment dam equipped with a regulating structure and the achievement of a predetermined hydrological regime of the river is carried out parallel to its flow, the depth of the pit, the structural parameters of hydraulic structures, technological and operational modes of their work are determined in each case separately, depending on local hydrogeological conditions and water use tasks/ water consumption, when the water level in the river drops below its minimum value, water is discharged from the artificial reservoir back into the river bed by opening the shut-off device of the regulating structure and/or water outlet, and the bottom of the pit and its side wall are equipped with an anti-filtration screen made of clay, protected by a stone cap .

Description

The useful model belongs to the field of hydraulic engineering and nature conservation construction and can be used to regulate the water level of small rivers of the steppe zone of Ukraine.

A known method (Мо 2499866, ЕО283/02) of raising the water level in small streams after dredging works, which involves raising the water level by erecting a cascade of supporting (transverse) dams on the stream section, the height of which is 10-80 95 less than the height of the stream bed wall (vertical distance from the crest mark to the smallest mark of the sole of the dam). The construction of dams is assumed from the ground, which ensures stability and strength of these dams.

The main disadvantages of this method of managing the hydrological regime are: only partial control of the flow regime only during the flood period, and after its end and the lowering of the water level in the river below the mark of the crest of the dam, the flow will be completely stopped; stopping the flow leads to the formation of a cascade of stagnant reservoirs and waterlogging of small riverbeds.

The closest analogue to the method of arranging artificial reservoirs in the floodplains of small rivers is the invention under the patent (Mo 2523328, E0283/02), which is used to manage the hydrological regime of small rivers, water purification, regulation during droughts, creation of fresh water reserves for economic and domestic needs , due to the arrangement of a reservoir with a depth of 2.5-3 m, a width of 120-150 m and a length of 250-280 m, formed in the interfluve on the banks of the rivers at a distance of 150-200 m from the main channel. Reservoirs are connected to the river bed by inlet and outlet channels. For water purification, the bottom of dug pits is filled with zeolite-containing clay (10-15 cm layer). During the spring flood, water enters the cascade of reservoirs through the channels diverted from the river, and when they are filled through the diversion channels, the water returns to the river bed downstream at a distance of 2 km from the water intake.

The main disadvantages of this method of formation of reservoirs are: insufficient management of the hydrological regime, lack of water supply for agriculture during the dry period, drainage of water through the side walls of pits causes an increase in the level of groundwater, which negatively affects the ecosystem of small rivers.

The problem solved by the useful model is the arrangement of a complex of hydrotechnical structures in the floodplain of small rivers due to its introduction to existing (known) measures and means.

The selection of water from the main channel of the river during floods and spring irrigation ensures

From lowering the water level and flow energy, reducing its destructive capacity. In addition, the embankment dam does not in any way affect the flow dynamics in other hydrological periods of the river. During the border period, it is possible to discharge water from the pit into the river to increase its water content. The complex of hydrotechnical structures will make it possible to use a pit for an artificial reservoir and as a regulating capacity for managing the hydrological regime of small rivers, taking into account the provision of their free flow, and as an accumulation capacity for ensuring the consumption of water resources by agriculture.

The task is solved by the fact that initially, in the limited period of time, in the floodplain of small rivers (at a safe distance from them), a pit is formed for an artificial reservoir, the volume of which is determined taking into account the necessary water consumption. The minimum mark of the bottom of the pit is determined depending on the local hydrogeological conditions. The mark of the upper edge of the embankment dam is determined based on the following conditions: - the class of consequences of hydrotechnical structures; - operating mode of the dam (overflow/non-overflow); - the hydrological regime of the river during the passage of maximum waters, taking into account the compression of the channel by the embankment dam.

During the formation of the pit, its bottom and wall on the river side were equipped with protective screens made of clay and rock, which prevent the drainage of water from the reservoir into the environment. The pit for the artificial reservoir is connected to the river bed by an underwater channel, at the mouth of which is located a rockfall dam, a regulating structure, the type and design of which is determined by the level regime of the river and the consumption of water intake.

The essence of the method. In the drawing fig. 1 shows the arrangement of a complex of hydrotechnical structures, which is presented in a general view and in section in fig. 2. It consists of: a pit for an artificial reservoir 1, an underpass 2, an embankment dam 3, oriented parallel to the river bed 4, a regulating structure 5, an anti-filtration screen 6 and a protective layer of rocks 7, maximum 8 and minimum 9 water levels in the river , water outlet 10, water intake spur 11 to increase the water absorption coefficient.

During a flood (flood) through the regulating structure 5, located in the underpass 2, water from the river flows into the pit of the artificial reservoir 1. At the same time, the closing device of the regulator remains open until the pit is filled. When the water level in the river bed drops, the shut-off device of the regulator is closed to prevent reverse leakage of water from the pit. In the dry season of the year, when the water level in the river drops below its minimum value, water is discharged from the artificial reservoir back into the river bed by opening the shut-off device of the regulating structure and/or water outlet 10 to prevent it from drying out.

Thus, management of the volumes and terms of river water collection and discharge with the help of a complex of hydrotechnical structures ensures the regulation of the flow and the achievement of the predetermined hydrological regime of small rivers. In addition, the formation of anti-filtration and protective screens on the side wall of the pit and its bottom prevents water loss from the pit. From the moment the pit is filled with water (reservoir formation), water withdrawal for the needs of consumers begins.

Thus, due to the application of additional operations to implement the possibility of managing the hydrological regime of small rivers, the necessary level of their environmental safety and the possibility of a guaranteed volume of water resource consumption by agriculture is ensured. At the same time, the structural parameters of hydrotechnical structures, technological and operational modes of their work are determined in each case separately, depending on the conditions of the area and the assigned tasks.

The proposed useful model can be repeatedly reproduced and used as a method of arranging a complex of hydrotechnical structures in the floodplain of small rivers to manage their hydrological regime. So, a useful model meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA The method of arranging a complex of hydrotechnical structures in the floodplain of small rivers to control their hydrological regime, which includes the construction of a pit for an artificial reservoir and a water intake structure, which is distinguished by the fact that the construction of an embankment dam equipped with a regulating structure and the achievement of a predetermined hydrological regime of the river is carried out parallel to its flow, the depth of the pit, structural parameters of hydrotechnical structures, technological and operational modes of their work are determined in each case separately, depending on local hydrogeological conditions and tasks of water use/water consumption, when the water level in the river drops below its minimum value, water is discharged from the artificial reservoir back into the river bed by opening the shut-off device of the regulating structure and/or water outlet, and the bottom of the pit and its side wall are equipped with an anti-filtration screen made of clay, protected by a stone cap.