UA147328U - METHOD OF IMPROVING TECHNOLOGY OF MAIZE GROWING ON GRAIN IN THE FOREST-STEPPE - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of improving the technology of growing corn for grain in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine includes tillage, sowing, care of crops and harvesting. To obtain a high level of yield, the by-products of the predecessor (winter wheat straw) are earned into the soil; pre-sowing seed treatment, fertilizers, application of a comprehensive method of crop care.

Description

A useful model belongs to the field of agriculture, in particular to the technologies of growing agricultural crops.

Maize is the main fodder crop of Ukraine, which is of strategic importance in agricultural production. The increase in the gross collection of corn grain should occur exclusively at the expense of increasing the level of yield of the crop based on the introduction of the latest innovative growing technologies, which will ensure the effective use of agro-climatic and material and technical resources.

Today, there is a known method of growing corn hybrids in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe, which includes determining the optimal sowing dates for corn hybrids of different maturity groups and weed control measures, which is distinguished by the fact that weed control is carried out by applying a soil herbicide (Harness 2, 5 l/ha) to corn seedlings and insurance (Master 150 g/ha) during the growing season at the optimal sowing time. The disadvantage of the known method is the low yield of corn when grown using the proposed technology.

The task of the useful model is to develop a method of improving the technology of growing corn in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Ukraine, which will ensure obtaining a high yield of grain and at the same time increase the level of profitability of growing this crop.

The task is solved by using the main elements of the technology, which will ensure optimal conditions for growing corn: application of fertilizers in a dose of MivoRigoKivo against the background of plowing by-products of the predecessor (winter wheat straw), treatment of seeds with a plant growth stimulator (Regoplant 250 ml/t), post-sowing application of a soil herbicide ( Primekstra Gold 720-2.5 l/ha), spraying crops in the 5-7 leaf phase of corn with tank mixture: plant growth stimulator (Stimpo - 25 ml/ha) and microfertilizer Folik Makro (2.0 l/ha) and

Folik 2p (0.5 l/ha) « insurance herbicide Meister Power (1.25 l/ha).

Field research was carried out during 2016-2019 in the stationary experiment of the department of adaptive intensive technologies of grain ear crops and corn of the NSC "Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences". The effectiveness of technological methods was studied on the mid-early hybrid of maize selected by the NSC "Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences" Gidny (FAO 280), which was grown after the predecessor of winter wheat on a dark gray podsolized coarse dust-light loam soil.

Z Two fertilization options were studied, which were compared with the option without the introduction of mineral fertilizers and by-products of the predecessor (without fertilizers - control) against the background of two methods of crop care - chemical and combined (Table 1).

Table 1

Scheme of the experiment (FON) M: goRaoKi1go herbicide, biostimulants, microfertilizers)

IZ.FON kyu MivuRtkti 77777711

The first version of fertilization provided for the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the dose of MigoReoKigo against the background of earning by-products of the predecessor (straw of winter wheat). The second version of fertilization provided for the introduction of fertilizers in the dose of MivoRigoKivo against the background of earning by-products of the predecessor.

The chemical method of crop care included applying a soil herbicide (Primekstra Gold 720-2.5 l/ha) after sowing corn. The complex method included post-sowing application of a soil herbicide (Primekstra Gold 720-2.5 l/ha), seed treatment with a plant growth stimulator (Regoplant 250 ml/g), spraying crops in the 5-7 leaf phase of corn with a tank mixture: a plant growth stimulator (Stimpo - 25 ml/ha) of microfertilizer Folik Makro (2.0 l/ha) and

Folik 2p (0.5 l/ha) « insurance herbicide (Master Power 1.25 l/ha).

The experiment was repeated four times, the placement of plots was systematic. The experiment is based on the method of split plots. The area of the research area is 36 m, the accounting area is 28 m.

On average, for the years 2016-2019, the lowest yield - 3.63 t/ha was recorded on the option without applying fertilizers using the chemical method of crop care, while the use of the complex method made it possible to increase the yield to 4.03 t/ha. Application of fertilizers increased the yield of corn relative to the control by 4.63-6.0 t/ha for the chemical method of crop care and by 5.7-7.18 t/ha - for the complex method (Table 2).

Table 2

Maize yield depending on the method of crop care and fertilization, average for 2016-2019, t/ha

Fertilizer option 11111111 chemical | complex/Z

No fertilizers (control)

The background is MigoReoKigo

Background I MivoR12oKlvo 11,21

The highest yield of corn - 11.21 t/ha of grain was provided by the technology, which provides for the application of fertilizers in the dose of MivoRigoKivo against the background of plowing by-products of the predecessor (winter wheat straw), the use of soil herbicide, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a plant growth stimulator, treatment of crops with a tank mixture: stimulator microfertilizers and insurance herbicides for plant growth. The technology also provided the highest experimental profit from 1 ha - 31.48 thousand UAH for a profitability of 128 95 even with the highest costs at the level of 56.05 thousand UAH/ha (Table 3).

Table C

Economic efficiency of corn cultivation technologies, average for 2016-2019.

Production cost | Cost Profit, Profitability-

Variants of fertilization (production, thousand | expenses, thousand MT of grain, thousand. and thousand UAH/ha, UAH 90/ha UAH/ha

Without fertilizers (control) 17.20 10.31

FoneMigoRaoKigo 41.30 17.90 23.40

Phoneme VorigoKivo 48.15 22.00 26.15

Without fertilizers (control) 20.15 10.30

FONYAMGORZOK 48.65 20.20 28.45

PHONEME vorigoKivo 56.05 24.57 31.48

Note. In 2020 prices

The proposed method of corn cultivation allows to obtain a corn yield at the level of 11.21 t/ha with a net profit of 31.48 thousand hryvnias/ha and a profitability of 128.95.

Claims (5)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. The method of improving the technology of growing corn for grain in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Ukraine, which includes soil cultivation, sowing, care for crops and harvesting, which is distinguished by the fact that in order to obtain a high level of yield, by-products of the predecessor (straw of winter wheat) are worked into the soil ; pre-sowing treatment of seeds, fertilization, application of a complex method of crop care. 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that it includes plowing the by-products of the predecessor (winter wheat straw) under the main cultivation. 3. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the seeds are treated with a plant growth stimulator (Regoplant 250 ml/t). 4. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that mineral fertilizers are applied in a dose of MivoR'hoK vo. 5. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the complex method of crop care involves the post-sowing application of a soil herbicide (Primekstra Gold 720-2.5 l/ha), spraying the crops in the 5-7 leaf phase of corn with a tank mixture: plant growth stimulator (Stimpo 25 ml/ha) food microfertilizers Folik Macro (2.0 l/ha) and Folik 7p (0.5 l/ha) food insurance herbicide (Master Power 1.25 l/ha).