UA142195U - SELECTION SEEDER FOR SINGLE-GRAIN SEEDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The selection seed drill for single-grain sowing of seeds contains a frame mounted on the chassis and on which loading hoppers are installed on top, under each of which there is a seed line, through which the seed enters the corresponding vacuum sowing machines located below the frame, and each vacuum sowing machine is equipped with the unit for unloading unsown seeds, devices for forming furrows to accommodate the seeds to be sown, and closing the furrows after sowing seeds, as well as a roller, in addition, the frame is equipped with an operator's workplace, in front of which the frame is mounted placement of seed material on it and the control panel (regulation) of the process of sowing seeds, and on the sides of the frame are folding markers. The loading hopper is equipped with an ejector connected to a common air flow supercharger, which provides forced movement of seeds through the seed lines to vacuum sowing machines, and the unit for unloading unsown seeds is made in the form of a valve that opens mechanically, under which the collector is not used.

Description

The useful model belongs to agriculture and can be used in the construction of planters for single-grain sowing of seeds in the areas of selection and variety trials.

Sowing test plots in the breeding and seeding process is an important operation on which the future success of breeders largely depends. Sowing is carried out mechanized with the help of selective seed drills.

Special high requirements are placed on selective seed drills regarding the quality of seeding and the exclusion of varietal mixing, that is, complete freedom from seeds of sowing devices. All selective seeders for single-grain sowing have approximately the same design, which necessarily includes: a loading device, most often made in the form of one or several watering cans, seed pipes connecting the loading device with a vacuum seeding device, mostly disk type. Among these, it is possible to single out selective single-grain seed drills of the NESE-KI EIME, NAGOVOR 5R-35 Ma type and their modifications. Since the specified planters have basically the same design, any of them can be taken as the closest analogue, for example, the NESE-95 planter.

So, the closest in essence and the effect that is achieved, and which is accepted as the closest analogue, is the selection planter for single-grain sowing of seeds НЕСЕ-95, which contains a frame mounted on a chassis and on which loading watering cans are installed on top, under each of in which there is a seed pipe, along which the seeds are fed by gravity to the corresponding vacuum seeding devices located below the frame, and each vacuum seeding device of a disk design is equipped with a vacuum unit for unloading unsown seeds, devices for forming furrows for placing the seeds to be sown in them, and closing the furrows after sowing seeds in them, as well as with a rolling roller, in addition, the frame has a seat for the operator, in front of which a work table is mounted on the frame for placing the seed on it and a control panel (regulation) of the seed sowing process, and there are folding markers on the sides of the frame | see website of the company Napv5-Shisny

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The main technical disadvantage of the well-known selection single-grain planter is that the seeds from

From the loading funnel to the vacuum seeding device it is fed by gravity, for which a certain angle of inclination from the loading funnel to the vacuum seeding device must be ensured, which ensures the movement of seeds. In order to ensure the required angle of inclination of the seed pipe, the loading funnel must be raised to a considerable height, as a result of which the operator's workplace is at a high height, which creates certain inconveniences and dangers during U-turns and transfer of the planter to the transport state. In addition, with such a layout scheme of the planter, the operator can service a limited number of vacuum seeding devices.

The second significant disadvantage of the known seeder is the structural complexity of the vacuum seeding apparatus due to the use of a node of the vacuum principle of removing residual (unsown) seeds in the apparatus. This leads to the need to use a complex system of vacuum removal of seeds.

The useful model is based on the task of ensuring safety and convenience in the work of the operator, reducing the number of operators involved in the management of the seed sowing process by changing the principle of seed feeding from the loading funnel to vacuum seeders, as well as simplifying the design of the selection single-grain seeder by changing the principle of releasing vacuum seeding devices from unsown seeds.

The task is solved by the fact that in the selection planter for single-grain sowing of seeds, which contains a frame mounted on the chassis and on top of which loading funnels are installed, under each of which there is a seed pipe, through which the seeds enter the corresponding vacuum seeding devices located below the frame , and each vacuum seeding device of a disk design is equipped with a unit for unloading unsown seeds, devices for forming furrows for placing the seeds to be sown in them and closing the furrows after sowing the seeds in them, as well as a rolling roller, in addition, the operator's workplace is equipped on the frame , in front of which a working table is mounted on the frame for placing seed material on it and a control panel (regulation) of the process of sowing seeds, and on the sides of the frame there are folding markers, according to a useful model, the loading funnel is equipped with an ejector connected to a common air flow blower , which ensures forced movement seeding through the seed pipelines to the vacuum seeding devices, and the unsown seed unloading unit is made in the form of a mechanically opening flap, under which there is a collection of unused seeds.

The presence of ejectors and an air flow compressor allows the seeds to be forcibly moved along the seed ducts, so there is no need to lift the loading funnel up to a great height. The proposed system of moving seeds allows the seed ducts to be located almost horizontally, and their length is not limited by anything. Therefore, one operator can service a larger number of vacuum seeders.

The use of the proposed system for unloading unsown seeds from a vacuum seeding device by mechanical means significantly simplifies the design of the seeder due to the absence of a complex vacuum system for removing unsown seeds.

Thus, the new essential features introduced into the design of the proposed planter for sowing single-grain seeds allow, in aggregate, to significantly increase the safety of the operator, ensure the convenience of the operator's work, increase the number of vacuum seeding devices serviced by one operator, and significantly simplify the design of the selection planters

The further essence of the useful model is explained together with the drawings, which show the following: fig. 1 - scheme of the proposed selection planter for single-grain sowing of seeds with four vacuum seeding devices, plan view; fig. 2 - structural scheme of the proposed selection planter; fig. C - vacuum seeding device, plan view.

The proposed selection planter for single-grain sowing of seeds contains a frame 1 mounted on a chassis 2. On top of the frame 1 are mounted loading funnels C (with individual mechanical or pneumatic valves or without valves at all). The ejector 4, pneumatically connected by means of an air duct 5 to the blower b of the air flow, is adjacent to the loading funnel C from below. The loading funnel C is connected by a seed pipe 7 to a vacuum seeding device 8 of disk design, which is located below behind the frame 1. The vacuum seeding device 8 is equipped with a unit for unloading unsown seeds, a device for forming furrows 9 for placing the seeds to be sown in them, and a device 10 for closing the furrows after sowing seeds in them, as well as with a rolling roller 11.

A vacuum compressor 12 is located on the frame 1, which is connected to the vacuum seeding device 8 by means of an air duct 13. The vacuum seeding compressor 12 has a valve 14 (mechanical, manual or automatic - it does not matter) for releasing the negative pressure.

The vacuum compressor 12 and the air flow compressor b have a combined drive, which

Zo allows more efficient use of the power of the power take-off shaft of the tractor, which moves the seed drill across the field.

A seat 15 for the operator is installed on the frame 1 (there can be several seats, Fig. 1 shows a selection planter for sowing single-grain seeds with two seats), next to which a work table 16 is mounted on the frame 1 for placing the seed material on it, and a control panel 17 (regulation) by the process of sowing seeds. On the sides of frame 1 are folding markers (not shown due to common knowledge).

The unit for unloading unsown seeds is made in the form of a flap 18, which opens mechanically, under which a collector 19 of unused seeds is located.

The further essence of the useful model is explained together with the principle of operation of the selection seeder for single-grain sowing of seeds of this design.

After loading the seeds into the loading hopper Z, the operator on the control panel 17 turns on the blower 6 of the air flow. At the same time, compressed air is fed into the ejector 4 through the air duct 5. At the same time, the seed from the loading funnel Z goes into the seed ducts 7, where it is forcibly moved by air into the receiver 20 of the vacuum seeding device 8. After that, the vacuum compressor 12 is turned on and through the air duct 13 in the vacuum chamber 21 rarefaction is formed. As the disk 22, which holds the seeds, rotates, the seeds are vacuum-attached to the holes in the disk 22. Next, the selection planter starts to move along the site and carry out single-grain sowing of seeds at a given distance. After sowing the seeds, the operator opens the valve 14, releases the vacuum, the pressure in the vacuum chamber 21 equalizes to atmospheric pressure, the remaining seeds are separated from the disc 22 and fall to the bottom of the seed receiver 20 under the influence of gravity. Then the valve 18 is opened and the rest of the unsown seed falls into the collector 19.

The essential difference of the declared selection planter for single-grain sowing of seeds from previously known planters of a similar purpose is that the seeds from the loading funnel to the vacuum seeding devices are forcibly moved by air flow, and the discharge of unsown seeds occurs mechanically by opening the flap. The indicated differences, taken together, provide the technical possibility to install an unlimited number of vacuum seeding devices on the selection seeder of the proposed design without increasing the dimensions (in particular, the height) of the seeder frame and to significantly simplify the design of the unit for removing unsown seeds from the vacuum seeder. None of the known selection planters for single-grain sowing of seeds has the specified properties, since they include gravity schemes for transferring seeds from loading devices to vacuum seeding devices, and the latter are unloaded using complex pneumatic systems.

The technical advantages of the useful model, in comparison with the closest analog, include the following: the possibility of increasing the number of vacuum seeding machines serviced by one operator, due to the forced transfer of seeds to them; the possibility of reducing the height of the location of loading funnels due to the presence of an air flow compressor, which ensures the forced movement of seeds along the seed ducts; simplifying the design of the unit for unloading unsown seeds from vacuum seeders by changing the principle of releasing vacuum seeders from unsown seeds.

The social effect of using a useful model, in comparison with the use of the nearest analogue, is obtained by increasing the safety and convenience of the operator’s work, reducing the number of operators participating in the management of the seed sowing process, due to changing the principle of seed supply from the loading watering can to the vacuum seeding devices .

Claims (5)

UTILITY MODEL FORMULA Selective seeder for single-seed sowing, comprising a frame mounted on a chassis and on top of which loading funnels are mounted, under each of which there is a seed pipe, through which the seed enters the corresponding vacuum seeding apparatus located below the frame, and each vacuum the disc seeding device is equipped with a unit for unloading unsown seeds, devices for forming furrows for placing the seeds to be sown in them and closing the furrows after sowing the seeds in them, as well as a rolling roller, in addition, the operator's workplace is equipped on the frame, in front of which A working table for placing seed material on it and a control panel (regulation) of the seed sowing process is mounted on the frame, and there are folding markers on the sides of the frame, which is distinguished by the fact that the loading funnel is equipped with an ejector connected to a common air flow compressor, which ensures the forced movement of seeds along the seed ducts to the vacuum sowing machines, and the unit for unloading unsown seeds is made in the form of a flap that opens mechanically, under which there is a collector of unused seeds. and. 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