RU2735271C1 - Selection seeder for single-seed seeding of seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to seeders for single-seed sowing of seeds in selection and variety testing areas. Seed planter for single-seed seeding comprises frame 1 mounted on chassis 2, on top of which there is loading funnel 3, under which there is seed drill 7, through which seeds are supplied to the corresponding sowing apparatuses 8 located at the bottom behind frame 1. Each seeding device 8 of the disk structure is equipped with a unit for unloading of unsown seeds and devices for formation of furrows 9 for placement of seeded seeds in them and for closing of furrows 10 after sowing seeds in them, as well as packing roller 11. On the frame there is an operator workstation including seat 15, in front of which working table 16 is mounted on frame 1 for placement of seed material on it and control panel 17 for seeds sowing. On the sides of the frame there are folding markers. Loading funnel 3 is equipped with ejector 4 connected to the common supercharger of air flow 6, which provides forced displacement of seeds along the seed conduits to the vacuum sowing devices 8. Unloaded seeds unloading unit is made in the form of a mechanically open shutter, under which there is a collection of unused seeds.

EFFECT: invention will make it possible to ensure safety of operation with simplification of seeder design.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the design of seeders for single-grain sowing of seeds in areas of selection and variety testing.

Sowing experimental plots in the selection and seed-growing process is an important operation on which the subsequent success in the work of breeders largely depends. Sowing is carried out in a mechanized way using selection seeders.

Selective seeders have special high requirements for the quality of sowing and the exclusion of variety mixing, that is, complete release from the seeds of the sowing device.

All selection seeders for single-grain seeding have approximately the same design, which necessarily includes: a loading device, most often made in the form of one or more funnels, seed pipes connecting the loading device with a vacuum seeding device, mainly of a disc type. Among them are selection single-grain seeders such as HEGE-KLEINE, HALDRUP SP-35 NG + and their modifications. Since these seeders have fundamentally the same design, any of them can be taken as a prototype, for example, the HEGE-95 seeder.

The closest in essence and the achieved effect, taken as a prototype, is the HEGE-95 single-grain seeding seeder, which contains a frame mounted on a chassis, and on which seed feeders are installed at the top, made in the form of receiving funnels, under each of which there is a seed pipe, through which the seeds are gravitationally supplied to the corresponding vacuum sowing devices located below the frame, and each vacuum sowing device of a disk design is equipped with a vacuum unit for unloading un-sown seeds, furrow forming devices for placing the sown seeds in them and closing the furrows after sowing seeds in them, as well as a press roller, in addition, a seat for the operator is installed on the frame, in front of which a work table is mounted on the frame for placing seed on it and a control panel (regulation) for the seeding process, and on the sides of the frame there are folding markers [see. Hans-Ulich Hege GmbH & Co. Electronic resource. Access mode: http: //www..kompass.com/c/hans-ulrich-hege-gmbh-co-kg/de715756/].

The main technical disadvantage of the known selection single-grain seeder is that the seeds from the feed hopper into the vacuum sowing device are supplied gravitationally, for which the angle of inclination from the feed hopper to the vacuum sowing device must be ensured to ensure the movement of seeds. To ensure the required angle of inclination of the seed tube, the feed hopper must be raised to a great height, as a result of which the operator's workplace is at a high height, which is inconvenient and unsafe during turns and the transfer of the seeder into transport position. In addition, with such a planter layout, the operator can service a limited number of vacuum seeders.

The second significant drawback of the known technical solution is the structural complexity of the sowing device due to the use of the unit of the vacuum principle of removing the remaining (not sown) seeds in the device. This leads to the need for a complex vacuum seed removal system.

The basis of the invention is the task of ensuring the safety and convenience of the operator, reducing the number of operators involved in controlling the seeding process by changing the principle of seed supply from the hopper to vacuum seeding devices, as well as simplifying the design of the selection single-grain seeder by changing the principle of releasing vacuum sowing machines from unseeded seeds.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that a selection seeder for single-grain sowing of seeds, containing a frame mounted on a chassis, and on which loading funnels are installed on top, under each of which there is a seed pipe, through which the seeds are fed into the corresponding vacuum seeding devices located below the frame , moreover, each vacuum sowing device of a disk design is equipped with a unit for unloading unseeded seeds, devices for forming furrows for placing seeds in them, and closing the furrows after sowing seeds in them, as well as a press roller, in addition, an operator's workplace is equipped on the frame, in front of which a working table is mounted on the frame for placing seed material on it and a control panel (regulation) for the sowing process, and on the sides of the frame there are folding markers, according to the proposal, the loading funnel is equipped with an ejector connected to a common air blower, which provides a forced transfer The placement of seeds through the seed pipes to the vacuum seeding devices, and the unit for unloading the unseeded seeds is made in the form of a mechanically opened flap, under which a collection of unused seeds is located.

The presence of ejectors and an air flow blower allows the seeds to be moved forcibly through the seed pipes, therefore, there is no need to raise the feed hopper to a great height. Such a system for moving the seeds allows the seed tubes to be positioned almost horizontally, and their length is not limited by anything. Consequently, one operator can service more vacuum metering units.

The use of the proposed system for unloading unseeded seeds from the sowing device by mechanical means greatly simplifies the design of the seeder due to the absence of a complex vacuum system for removing unseeded seeds.

Thus, new essential features introduced into the design of the proposed selection seeder for single-grain sowing of seeds allow, in the aggregate, to significantly increase the operator's safety, provide convenience in the operator's work, increase the number of vacuum seeding devices serviced by one operator, and significantly simplify the design of the selection seeder. ...

The further essence of the proposed technical solution is explained in conjunction with the illustrative material, which shows the following: FIG. 1 is a diagram of the proposed selection seeder for single-grain seeding of seeds with four vacuum seeding devices, plan view; fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the proposed selection single-grain seeder; fig. 3 - vacuum seeding device, plan view.

The proposed selection seeder for single-grain sowing of seeds contains a frame 1 mounted on a chassis 2. On the frame 1, loading funnels 3 are installed on top (with individual mechanical or pneumatic valves, or without valves at all). An ejector 4 adjoins the loading funnel 3 from below, pneumatically connected by means of an air duct 5 with an air blower 6. The loading funnel 3 is connected by a seed pipe 7 with a vacuum sowing device 8 of a disc structure located below the frame 1. The vacuum sowing device 8 is equipped with a unit for unloading unseeded seeds, a device for forming furrows 9 for placing sown seeds in them, and a device 10 for closing the furrows after sowing in of them seeds, as well as a roller 11.

A vacuum compressor 12 is located on the frame 1, which is connected by means of air ducts 13 to the vacuum seeding device 8. The vacuum compressor 12 has a valve 14 (mechanical or automatic - it does not matter) to relieve negative pressure. The vacuum compressor 12 and the blower 6 of the air flow have a combined drive, which makes it possible to more efficiently use the energy of the tractor power take-off shaft.

On the frame 1 there is a seat 15 for the operator (there can be several seats, Fig. 1 shows a selection seeder for single-grain sowing of seeds with two seats), next to which on the frame 1 is mounted a work table 16 for placing seed on it and a control panel 17 (regulation) by the process of sowing seeds. On the sides of the frame 1 are hinged markers (not shown due to common knowledge).

The unit for unloading unseeded seeds is made in the form of a mechanically opened shutter 18, under which a collector 19 of unused seeds is located.

The further essence of the proposed technical solution is explained together with the principle of operation of a selection seeder for single-grain seeding of seeds of this design.

After loading the seeds into the hopper 3, the operator on the control panel 17 turns on the blower 6 of the air flow. In this case, compressed air is fed through the duct 5 into the ejector 4. In this case, the seeds from the loading funnel 3 rush into the seed pipes 7, where the air is forced to move into the receiver 20 of the vacuum sowing device 8. After that, the vacuum compressor 12 is turned on and through the air duct 13 in the vacuum chamber 21 a vacuum is created. As the holding disc 22 rotates, the seeds are vacuum attached to the holes in the disc 22. Then, the selection seeder begins to move along the plot and carry out single-grain sowing of seeds at a predetermined distance. After sowing the seeds, the operator opens the vacuum relief valve 14, the vacuum chamber 21 equalizes the pressure to atmospheric, the remaining seeds are separated from the holes of the disc 22 and fall under the action of gravity to the bottom of the seed receiver 20. Then the shutter 18 is opened and the remainder of the unseeded seeds falls into the collector 19.

A significant difference between the claimed selection seeder for single-grain sowing of seeds from previously known seeders of a similar purpose is that the seeds are forced from the hopper to the vacuum seeding apparatus by the air flow, and the unloading of unseeded seeds is carried out mechanically by opening the valve. These differences, in aggregate, provide the technical ability to install an unlimited number of vacuum seeding devices on the selection seeder of the proposed design without increasing the dimensions (height) of the seeder frame and significantly simplify the design of the unit for removing unseeded seeds from the vacuum sowing device. None of the known selection seeders for single-grain sowing of seeds can have the specified properties, since their designs provide for gravitational schemes for transferring seeds from the loading devices to the seeding devices, and unloading from the last unseeded seeds is performed using complex pneumatic systems.

The technical advantages of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the prototype, include the following:

- the possibility of increasing the number of vacuum seeding devices serviced by one operator, due to the forced movement of seeds to them;

- the ability to reduce the height of the loading funnels due to the presence of an air blower, which provides forced movement of seeds along the seed tubes;

- simplification of the design of the unit for unloading unseeded seeds from vacuum seeding devices by changing the principle of releasing vacuum seeding devices from unseeded seeds.

The social effect from the use of the invention, in comparison with the prototype, is obtained by increasing the safety and convenience in the operator's work, reducing the number of operators involved in controlling the seed sowing process by changing the principle of seed supply from the hopper to vacuum seeding devices.

Claims (1)

Selective seeder for single-grain sowing of seeds, containing a frame mounted on a chassis, and on which a loading funnel is located on top, under which a seed pipe is located, through which seeds enter the corresponding seeding units located below the frame, and each seeding unit of a disk design is equipped with an unloading unit unseeded seeds and furrow forming devices for placing the sown seeds in them and closing the furrows after sowing seeds in them, as well as a press roller, in addition, the operator's workplace is located on the frame, including a seat, in front of which a work table is mounted on the frame for placing on it seed material and a control panel (regulation) for the sowing process, and on the sides of the frame there are folding markers, characterized in that the loading funnel is equipped with an ejector connected to a common air blower, which provides forced movement of seeds along the seed pipes to vacuum seeding devices, and the unit for unloading unseeded seeds is made in the form of a mechanically opened flap, under which a collection of unused seeds is located.

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