UA141005U - HYDRAULIC ACCELERATOR OF RUBEL RUB - Google Patents

Abstract

The hydraulic accelerator of dam hydroelectric power stations (hydraulic accelerator) is installed below the water level on the dam and contains: water acceleration sections, hydro turbine, generator, confuser, diffuser, dam mounting, annular chamber, annular injection nozzle, pumps. The hydraulic accelerator is installed on a dam or in special pressure tunnels. All sections of the device are connected so that the diameter of the outlet coincides with the diameter of the inlet of the next section and increases from the previous to the series. The annular chamber is located externally in the constriction of the section into which the water is injected under pressure by the pump, and which has an annular injection nozzle which connects to the millimeter gap with the internal inclined profile of the section, which has the shape of the upper aerodynamic profile.

Description

A useful model belongs to hydropower to dams and hydroelectric power stations (hereinafter referred to as hydroelectric power plants) located on rivers, reservoirs, and lakes.

HPPs are hydrotechnical structures that provide water pressure on the blades of hydroturbines connected to a generator and producing electrical energy. Water pressure is provided by the construction of dams and reservoirs or by derivation, that is, by the natural flow of water. This technology has been around for ages and there are thousands of hydroelectric power plants. The advantages are ultra-cheap electricity, a long life of hydroelectric power plants, green energy, a fuel-free power plant, the ability to adjust power over time, the ability to produce electricity at any time.

Disadvantages are significant environmental consequences, very high cost of construction, high risk of man-made accidents in seismic areas, limited number of rivers, because construction is carried out on rivers that have large reserves of water energy.

It is known Aig Miiiriieg iesppoiodu, according to which the fan provides air movement without oscillations. The air, passing through the fan inside the guide profile, passes through the millimeter holes to the outside, bypassing the special profile, creates additional air entrainment, as a result of which its quantity increases - by 1 liter of the spent 15 liters in total at the outlet.

IOuzop Tap5 /UOubvop /Electronic resource - Access mode: pIrv/Lymlm.duvop.sot/apv5 (access date: 12.03.19).

The main disadvantage of this design is that the device is designed for air, the use of such a profile in water leads to a significant increase in the cost of the design, and this device is not designed to generate electrical energy.

A well-known device for accelerating the low-potential water flow of a free-flowing micro-hydroelectric power plant, which is installed on flat rivers with a low-potential water flow, it contains: a guide device in the form of a Venturi tube, a pipeline, a hydro turbine. A pipeline with a hydro turbine at an adjustable angle of 30-80 degrees to the device, depending on the speed of the external flow, is built into the narrowing section of the guide apparatus, which accelerates the movement of the water flow in the narrowed section, creating a zone of reduced pressure, while increasing the speed of the flow through the hydro turbine (patent VO Mo 2592953 C1, IPC: РОЗВ 17/06 (2006.01), application: 2015119181/06, dated 22.05.2015 Dorzhiev Sergey Sodnomovich (NO), Bazarova Elena

Zo Gennadievna (NK), Bazarova Larisa Sergeevna (VO), Device for acceleration of low-potential water flow in a free-flowing micro-state. published: 27.07.2016

Bul. Mo 211.

The main disadvantage of this design is that the power of the water flow depends on the effective cross-sectional area of the hydro turbine perpendicular to the flow, and the hydro turbine is installed in a pipe that connects to the narrowest section of the guide apparatus, that is, it has the smallest cross-sectional area, and to increase it, it is necessary to increase the entire construction With the growth of the power of the hydro turbine, this will lead to large dimensions of the device and its cost, given the limited depth of flat rivers.

In addition, the movement of flat rivers is very slow, and for the payback of underwater work to install the device, significant power is required, which will lead to an increase in dimensions (diameter).

In order to prevent obstacles to navigation and fish farming, the dimensions of the device should be small, that is, in this case, there will be a small amount of electrical energy produced.

The design of the device is such that the performance of this device is greatly affected by the flow blocking effect.

The basis of a useful model is the task of creating a design of a hydraulic accelerator

A ruble for dam hydroelectric power stations (hereinafter hydroaccelerator or device), which would allow obtaining the following technical result: increase the speed of water flow through the hydro turbines of the dam hydroelectric power station; increase the power of the water flow with the same parameters of the HPP; to increase the amount of generated electrical energy while reducing the size and number of hydrotechnical structures; to reduce the number of hydro units and related equipment and structures of HPPs; reduce the height of the dam when the HPP capacity increases; increase reliability and reduce device maintenance costs; increase the level of safe operation, exclude the occurrence of man-made consequences in the event of a device breakdown; reduce the cost of construction and maintenance of hydroelectric power stations.

The problem is solved by the fact that the hydroaccelerator, which is installed vertically below the water level on the dam, the flow passes through the device and further through the channel in the dam reaches the hydroturbine and is activated by it; the hydro turbine transmits power to the generator, which produces and transmits electrical energy to consumers through the power line, then the flow, having lost energy, leaves the HPP in the form of a river.

The flow enters the baffle of the first section of the hydroaccelerator and, reaching the constriction, according to the Venturi effect, loses pressure and accelerates, while in this area an annular chamber is installed externally, which passes around the section, and into which water is injected under pressure with the help of a pump and pipelines , which then laminarly exits through the annular injection nozzle, through the millimeter gap between the long thin guide and the inner wall (made in the form of the upper part of the aerodynamic profile), into the low pressure zone, passes along the inner wall with a special angle of inclination, accelerating laminarly without vortex formation and stagnant zones The flow passing through the middle and having an initial velocity interacts with the wall flow and accelerates as it moves, increasing the flow at the beginning and through the first section, then the flow passes through the second section, which has an inlet diameter equal to the outlet diameter of the first section, to the constriction and is accelerated again by the action of the annular injection nozzles, creating an increase in travel speed (and flow rate) at the inlet and through the first and second sections. In the same similar way, the flow is accelerated in the third and fourth sections of the hydroaccelerator, then it works on a hydroturbine, which produces electrical energy with the help of a generator and which is supplied to the consumer via a cable, then the flow, having lost energy, leaves the hydroaccelerator and mixes with the surrounding water.

To reduce the frictional forces of the flow against the inner walls of the annular injection nozzle and to ensure the directed movement of water, it is made in the form of a narrow bent very long truncated cone.

To reduce flow turbulence when the flow is separated from the edges of the annular injection nozzle, the straight surfaces of the hydraulic accelerator nozzle are made with teeth.

To reduce the friction forces of the laminar flow against the internal walls of the hydroaccelerator and the loss of flow energy, all corners are smoothed, and the walls have a "shark skin" coating.

The section of the hydroaccelerator design is made in the form of a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, polygon, oval with parallel opposite sides in the horizontal

From the plane.

The hydroaccelerator is made with one hydroturbine and generator or in some cases with several hydroturbines and generators.

The design of the hydraulic accelerator is equipped with a rectangular diffuser after the acceleration chambers.

The hydroaccelerator, depending on the depth of the reservoir and the water pressure flow through the hydroturbine, is made of 2, 3, 4, 5 or more sections.

The inlet sections of the hydroaccelerator are equipped with fish protection devices that frighten fish with the help of sound.

The annular chambers of the hydroaccelerator are equipped with automatic non-return valves, which open and can pump water through the chamber when the pressure of the water column is sufficient, when there is insufficient pressure or the required higher performance of the hydroaccelerator, they close and the pump works.

An increase in the service life and reliability of the hydraulic accelerator is achieved due to a simple, reliable, inexpensive design, as the material of the walls of the hydraulic accelerator, stainless metals (aluminum, its alloys, chrome-nickel alloys), modern plastics, combined materials, reinforced concrete are used, which provide: low weight, ease of manufacture , high strength, ability to work under pressure, high corrosion resistance, reliability.

A useful model is explained by the drawings, which show: in Fig. 1 - cross-section of a hydroelectric power plant with a hydraulic booster; in Fig. 2 - view A of the hydraulic accelerator; in Fig. C - cross-section A-A; in Fig. 4 - section B-B; in Fig. 1 - a cross-section of a HPP with a hydroaccelerator is shown, where 1 is the water level, 2 is the first section, C is the second section, 4 is the third section; 5 - the fourth section; 6 - ring chamber; 7 - diffuser; 8 - pump; 9 - pipelines; 10 - ring injection nozzle; 11 - mounting supports; 12 - ground, 13 - power line; 14 - damper; 15 - dam; 16 - power station hall; 17 - hydro turbine; 18 - valves (automatic check valves); 20 - pressure water pipe; 21 - guides for lifting the flap; 22 - generator. in Fig. 2 - a section of a rectangular hydraulic booster is shown, where 2 is the first section, C is the second section, and 4 is the third section; 5 - the fourth section; 6 - ring chamber; 7.1 - rectangular diffuser; 9 -

pipelines; 10 - ring injection nozzle; 11 - mounting supports; 15 - dam; 18 - valves (automatic check valves); 19 - transition from rectangular to round section. in Fig. C - section A-A is depicted, where 2 is the first section, C is the second section, 4 is the third section; 5 - the fourth section; 6 - ring chamber; 7 - diffuser. in Fig. 4 - shows a cross-section B-B, where 2 is the first section, Z is the second section, 4 is the third section; 5 - the fourth section; 6 - ring chamber; 7.1 - rectangular diffuser.

The device works as follows.

In Fig. 1 shows a four-section annular hydroaccelerator, which is installed vertically (or with an inclination) below the water level 1 on the structures of the dam 15 and is fixed with mounting supports 11 to the dam 15, the flow passes through the hydroaccelerator and further through the channel in the dam 15 reaches the hydroturbine and works on it, the hydroturbine 17 transmits power to the generator 22, which produces and delivers electrical energy to consumers through the current line 13 (Fig. 1), then the flow, having lost energy, leaves the HPP in the form of a river.

The flow from the reservoir side enters from above into the baffle of the first section 2 (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4) and, reaching the first narrowing, according to the Venturi effect, loses pressure and accelerates, while in this area an annular chamber 6 is installed externally ( Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4), which passes around the section, and into which water is injected under pressure with the help of a pump 8 and pipelines 9, which then exits laminarly through the annular injection nozzle 10, through the millimeter gap between the long thin guide and the inner walls (made in the form of the upper part of the aerodynamic profile), into the zone of reduced pressure and passes along the inner wall, which has a special angle of inclination, accelerating laminarly without vortex formation and stagnant zones.

The flow passing through the middle of the first section with an initial velocity due to the pressure of the water column interacts with the wall flow and accelerates as it moves, increasing the flow at the beginning of the first section, the flow passes through the second section, which has an inlet diameter equal to the outlet diameter of the first section, to the point of narrowing, and is accelerated again, with the help of the operation of the annular injection chambers 10, creating an increase in the speed of movement (and losses) at the entrance to the second section and the first section (Fig. 1, 3), in the same similar way, the flow is accelerated in the third and in the fourth sections of the hydraulic booster and passes into the pressure water line 20 (Fig. 1).

З In order to discharge silt and oversize through the HPP, the valve 14 is raised in the guides 21, for normal operation there are dam gates (not shown in Fig. 1, 2).

In Fig. 4 shows a section B-B of a rectangular hydraulic accelerator, which allows to increase the area of the inclined part and increase the effect of flow acceleration due to the use of a rectangular body. Reduce the boom of the lifting crane for lifting the flaps. In general, the device works similarly to the device shown in Fig. 1.

The hydroaccelerator, depending on the depth of the reservoir and the water pressure flow through the hydroturbine, is made with 2, 3, 4, 5 or more sections.

Annular chambers 6 of the hydroaccelerator are equipped with automatic check valves 18, which open and can pump water through the annular injection nozzles 10 when the pressure of the water column is sufficient, when there is insufficient pressure or the necessary higher productivity of the hydroaccelerator, they close and the pump 8 works.

When accelerating the flow of water up to 15 times in each section, as in the closest analogue (bBuzop

Tapv) and an increase in the number of sections of the hydroaccelerator creates an increase in water consumption, with the same diameter of the pressure water pipe to the hydroturbine, thus, the declared construction of the hydroaccelerator allows to achieve the technical result of a useful model.

Claims (11)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. The hydroaccelerator of dam hydropower plants (hydroaccelerator), which is installed below the water level on the dam and contains: water acceleration sections, hydroturbine, generator, baffle, diffuser, fastening to the dam, annular chamber, annular injection nozzle, pumps, which is distinguished by the fact that it is installed on a dam or in special pressure tunnels, all sections of the device are connected in such a way that the diameter of the exit coincides with the diameter of the entrance of the next section and increases from the previous to the successive one, the ring chamber is located outside in the narrowing of the section, into which water is pumped under pressure by a pump , and which has an annular injection nozzle that connects to a millimeter gap with an internal sloping section profile that is shaped like the top of the airfoil. 2. Hydroaccelerator according to claim 1, which differs in that the cross-section of the structure is made in the form of a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, polygon, oval with parallel opposite sides in the horizontal plane. 3. The hydroaccelerator according to claim 1, which differs in that it is made with one hydroturbine and generator or with several hydroturbines and generators. 4. Hydroaccelerator according to claim 1, which differs in that it is made of 2, 3, 4, 5 sections, or more sections. 5. Hydroaccelerator according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that it is equipped with fish protection devices that scare fish with sound. 6. Hydroaccelerator according to claim 1, which differs in that it is made with a rectangular diffuser. 7. Hydroaccelerator according to claim 1, which differs in that it is made of stainless metals (aluminum, its alloys, chromium-nickel alloys), plastics, combined materials, reinforced concrete. 8. Hydroaccelerator according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that in order to reduce the frictional forces of the flow against the inner walls, all corners are smoothed, and the walls have a "shark skin" coating. 9. Hydroaccelerator according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that in order to reduce the frictional forces of the flow against the inner walls, the annular injection nozzle is made in the form of a narrow, long, bent, truncated cone. 10. The hydraulic accelerator according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the straight edges of the annular injection nozzle are made with teeth. 11. Hydroaccelerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular chamber is equipped with automatic check valves that admit water when the pressure of the water column is sufficient. 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