UA138677U - METHOD OF INCREASING YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT YIELD IN SHORT ROTATIONS OF SHORT ROTATION IN THE CARPATHIAN REGION - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of increasing the yield of winter wheat in short-rotation crop rotations in the Carpathian region includes the introduction of organo-mineral fertilizer system in short-rotation crop rotations. Manure is combined with mineral fertilizers, according to the traditional organo-mineral fertilizer system; straw, green manure and half a dose of mineral fertilizers, with an alternative organo-mineral fertilizer system, and add an organic component directly to the crop and to the predecessors.

Description

The useful model belongs to the field of agriculture, to methods of placing crops in short-rotation crop rotations, in particular, methods of increasing the yield of winter wheat and can be used in farms of various organizational and legal forms of agricultural purpose.

The main criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of crop rotation is crop yield. The overall productivity of crop rotations, as well as the yield of individual crops, largely depends on the structure of sown areas and the level of fertilization. Cultivation of agricultural crops in crop rotations has a positive effect on the regulation of both the nutrient regime and the water regime (due to the more economical use of productive moisture), prevents the phenomenon of soil exhaustion, helps to regulate the phytosanitary state of crops, reduce the level of development of diseases and pests, and rational use of the bioclimatic potential of the region. As a result of the influence of alternation of cultivated plants on the soil, indicators of the chemical, physical and biological properties of the soil change. The necessity of crop rotation is based on the different need for nutrients and water in separate periods of their growth and development, the difference in the level of competitiveness in the fight against weeds for the main factors of life.

There is a known method of increasing the productivity of crops in short-rotation crop rotations (1), which is based on the implementation of five-field field crop rotations with the structure: 20 95 sunflower, up to 6O 95 cereals (including winter wheat 20-40 Fo) and 20 95 black a couple

The disadvantage of the method is that it is adapted to farming in the southern regions

of Ukraine, in particular in the soil and climatic conditions of the southern steppe region, and provides for the inclusion of sunflower in the crop rotation and the succession of black steam for sowing winter wheat. In the conditions of the Carpathian region, the use of black steam is impractical both from the ecological and economic and soil protection aspects.

A known method of fertilizing winter wheat in short-rotation crop rotation (2)Y, which includes the application of MeoRvoKvo mineral fertilizers and the treatment of plants by spraying the growth regulator Agrostimulin at a dose of 10 ml/ha. The disadvantage of the method is that it is based outside of crop rotation, does not take into account the influence of predecessors, does not provide for the rationalization of fertilization systems with an organic component, applied directly to winter wheat, or crops that precede it in chavba.

The closest analogue is the method of growing winter wheat in short-rotational crop rotations

ISI

The disadvantage of this method is that it is suitable for implementation on typical chernozems

Left Bank Forest Steppe. It is proposed to use an organo-mineral fertilization system, which includes manure and by-products of crop production without the use of side crops. In the conditions of the Carpathian region, an important aspect of alternative fertilization systems is the inclusion of sideral cruciferous crops, in particular oil radish, white mustard, etc.

The proposed method eliminates the shortcomings of the closest analogue and ensures an increase in the yield of winter wheat by using in short rotation crop rotations the traditional and alternative organo-mineral fertilization system with the inclusion in the composition of the last radish oil and stubble precursors on low mineral backgrounds.

The useful model is based on the task of developing an effective, ecologically safe, economically expedient and suitable for use in the agricultural system method of increasing the yield of winter wheat grown in short-rotation crop rotations, which is based on the combined use of manure with mineral fertilizers (traditional organo-mineral fertilization system); straw, siderates and half doses of mineral fertilizers (alternative organo-mineral fertilization system) with the introduction of the organic component both directly under the crop and under its predecessors.

The task is solved by the fact that the method of increasing the yield of winter wheat in short-rotation crop rotations in the Carpathian region, which includes the introduction of the organo-mineral fertilization system in short-rotation crop rotations, according to a useful model, is the simultaneous use of manure with mineral fertilizers, under the traditional organo-mineral fertilization system; straw, siderates and half a dose of mineral fertilizers, for an alternative organo-mineral fertilization system, and apply the organic component directly to both the culture and the predecessors.

The technical result of the proposed useful model is achieved by implementing traditional and alternative organo-mineral fertilization systems in short-rotation crop rotations (three-five-field).

Common features of the proposed useful model and the closest analogue are organo-mineral fertilization systems in short-rotation crop rotations.

And distinctive features are the combined use of manure with mineral fertilizers under the traditional organo-mineral fertilization system and straw, siderates and half doses of mineral fertilizers under the alternative organo-mineral fertilization system with the introduction of the organic component both directly under the crop and under the predecessors.

The proposed method belongs to the field of agriculture, to the methods of placing crops in short-rotation crop rotations, in particular, methods of increasing the yield of winter wheat and can be used in farms of various organizational and legal forms of agricultural purpose.

The proposed useful model is used as follows. At the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of the National Academy of Sciences, on a long-term stationary experiment established in 2001 on a gray forest surface-glazed coarse dust-light loam soil, experimental work was carried out with the aim of developing a method of increasing the yield of winter wheat through the use of traditional and alternative organo-mineral fertilization systems in short-rotational crop rotations with the inclusion in the composition of the last oil radish and stubble straw precursors on low mineral backgrounds.

The highest level of winter wheat grain yield on non-fertilized backgrounds in 2018 was ensured by grain-fodder and fruit crop rotations (clover per green mass (3.m.) - winter wheat-winter wheat-spring barley with subsowing clover and clover at 3.m. - winter wheat-spring barley with clover-potato seeding) - 2.74 t/ha and 2.81 t/ha. The level of this indicator -2.58-2.67 t/ha was obtained in grain (100 95 n.z.k.) crop rotations with the predecessor of peas (Table 1). In the grain-row (8095 n.z.k.-) crop rotation, where the predecessor was soybean, the yield level was at the limit of 2.46 t/ha, and in the grain-row (7595 n.z.k.) crop rotation with the predecessor corn per grain, this parameter was at the level of 2.30 t/ha.

The predecessor of buckwheat contributed to the yield of winter wheat at the level of 2.37 t/ha. Application of fertilization systems increased grain yield in all variants.

An important factor in crop regulation in fertilization systems was how far apart the organic component was superimposed in crop rotations. Thus, in grain-forage, crop rotation, and grain-row crop rotations, manure and straw-sideral factor were used under the predecessors of winter wheat, and in grain and grain-forage crop rotations, with combinations of links:

From winter wheat to winter wheat under repeated sowing of the crop, which had a significant impact on the yield and contributed to obtaining its higher values precisely in repeated sowings. Thus, the application of MevoRzoKeo directly under winter wheat with 40 t/ha of manure provided a yield at the level of 4.91-5.11 t/ha, respectively, in grain and grain-forage rotations. When applying complete organic-mineral fertilizer under predecessors, and under winter wheat - mineral component in a dose

MvoReoKeoo the highest yield was obtained in grain-fodder and fruit crop rotations, where the predecessor was clover - - 4.68-4.74 t/ha. The same level of fertilization contributed to obtaining 4.53-4.61 t/ha of grain in grain rotations.

In the five-field grain-row crop rotation with the predecessor soybean, the yield was at the level of 4.29 t/ha, in the grain-row rotation (80 95 n.3.k;) with the predecessor corn for green mass - 4.04 t/ha, and in grain-rowing (80 90 n.z.k.) with the predecessor of buckwheat -4.17 t/ha.

Table

Winter wheat grain yield, 2018 11111111 grains | straws 1 and

Continuation of Table

WITH

WITH

4

B

7

Supposedly? o f|predecessors 77777771 Ї111111100921shС a 0 F|fertilizer.//77777777771111111111111111111111111111 11111101 1111111 |interactionpredecessorsfertilizer.d//-/:///./|77717710LU

In three-field crop rotations, mineral fertilization systems contributed to the yield of 4.27 t/ha after soybeans and 3.66 t/ha after winter wheat. In the winter wheat-forage beans-winter wheat crop rotation, at the same level of mineral nutrition, a yield of 4.52 t/ha was obtained after fodder beans and 3.74 t/ha - after winter wheat in repeated sowings.

The straw yield was directly dependent on the grain yield. Higher values were obtained on organo-mineral backgrounds with direct introduction of the organic component under winter wheat.

Therefore, wheat grown in experimental crop rotations reacted differently to both fertilizer rates and predecessors. The predecessors were placed in the following order by their influence on yield: clover-pea-forage beans-soybean-buckwheat-corn.

Sources of information: 1. The method of increasing the productivity of crops in crop rotations of short rotation / Andriichenko L.V.

II and others). Utility model patent Mo 42825, АО1В 79/00. Publ. 27.07.2009. Bul. May 14/2009. 2. Lopushnyak V.I., Parkhuts B.I. The method of fertilizing winter wheat in short-rotation crop rotation. Utility model patent Mo 51283, AO1C 21/00. Publ. 12.07.2010. Bul. May 13/2010.

Z. Boyko P.I., Litvinov D.V. Effectiveness of short-rotation crop rotations in modern farming systems. Agriculture: interdiv. subject of science coll. 2015. Issue 2. P. 38-45.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA A method of increasing the yield of winter wheat in short-rotation crop rotations in the Carpathian region, which includes the introduction of an organo-mineral fertilization system in short-rotation crop rotations, which is distinguished by the fact that manure is used together with mineral fertilizers, compared to the traditional organo-mineral fertilization system; straw, siderates and half a dose of mineral fertilizers, for an alternative organo-mineral fertilization system, and apply the organic component directly to both the culture and the predecessors.