UA134096U - AN INTEGRATED PLANTS OF PLANTS WITH THE USE OF THE ENTOMOPHAGIAN COMPLEX (CHRYSOPA CORNEA STEPH, TRICHOGRAMMA, HABROBRACON HEBERTOR SAY) - Google Patents

Abstract

An integrated method of plant biosecurity using a complex of entomophages (Chrysopa cornea Steph, Trichogramma, Habrobracon hebertor Say) involves at least one entry into the agrocenosis of Trichogramma (Trichogramma), which is in the larva stage in the eggs of a known host insect. Previously, in spring, during the appearance of the first shoots and leaves of plants, goldfish (Chrysopa cornea Steph) is displaced into the agrocenosis, and after the introduction of trichogramma, at the detection or prediction of the probable occurrence of the caterpillar of insect pests, the plants in the agrocenoses at least once scatter Habrobracor hebertor Say) to inactivate a caterpillar.

Description

The useful model belongs to agriculture, in particular to the field of protection of plants from harmful species of insects and caterpillars, and can be used in technologies of integrated (biological) protection of agricultural plantations and industrial crops.

A known method of bioprotection of plants (Patent of Ukraine No. 59279, IPC AOJATK 67/00, AOTM 1/00, publ. 10.05.2011, Bull. No. 9), which includes the settlement in agrocenoses of the parasite eggs of harmful insects - Trichogramma (Nuteporiega, GPispodgattaiiiyaae), in which the trichogram of the species Hispodgatta ripioi Moea., which is in the larval stage in the eggs of the host insect (biomaterial), is distributed within the specified time. The first distribution of biomaterial is carried out at the level of the number of eggs of harmful insect species, which reaches the limit level or exceeds it by 5-10 95. The next 2-3 methods of distribution of biomaterial are carried out during the period of the beginning of mass oviposition of pests with an interval of 5-6 days, while the distribution of biomaterial are held starting from 5-6 in the morning.

This solution is effective, as resettlement is carried out in 2-3 steps, which provides protection of plants with a level of biological efficiency of 60-70 95. But this method does not provide protection of plants at an early stage of plant development from such insect pests as aphids and spider mites pincers. It is known that the majority of plants (cereal, technical, fruit and berry crops, grapes, hops, etc.) are not resistant to such pests as aphids, spider mites, etc.

In addition to this, the use of only one trichogram requires compliance with strict conditions of use, namely a special technology of preparation and settlement, and precise timing of introduction, as this entomophagus is effective for destroying pests at the stage of egg-laying. That is, it is necessary to monitor the appearance of pests and predict the laying of eggs, while it is also necessary to take into account that during this period there may be several outbreaks of activity of harmful insects, and the untimely settlement of trichogram may lead to a significant decrease in the harvest or its loss altogether.

The basis of a useful model is the task of creating an integrated method of plant bioprotection with a biological efficiency of 80-100 95, due to the use of a complex of entomophages at different stages of the life cycle of plants and against different (dominant) species of insect pests at different stages of their life activity.

The set task is solved by the fact that in the integrated method of bioprotection of plants with

With the use of a complex of entomophages (SNguzora sogpea 5ieri, Tispodgatta, Nabrgobgasop perepog Zau|), which includes at least one introduction into the agrocenosis of Trichogramma (Tispodgatta), which is in the larval stage in the eggs of the host insect, at the specified time by any known method, according to a useful model, in the spring, during the appearance of the first shoots and leaves of plants, a goldenrod (Spguzora sogpea eri) is planted in the agrocenosis, and after applying the trichogram, when detecting or predicting the likely appearance of insect caterpillars, at least one of the plants in the agrocenosis gabbrobrakon insects (Nargobgasop pebepog zZau) are distributed once to inactivate the caterpillar.

The causal relationship is as follows.

In the spring, during the growth of the first shoots and leaves of plants, such dangerous pests as aphids (various species) and mites, in particular, the common spider mite, red fruit mite, brown fruit mite, grape leaf mite, felt, bud mite and others, wake up. Female spider mites settle on the lower part of the leaves of plants, entwine them with webs, lay eggs and damage the leaves with the formation of light spots in the places of damage, which later turn into colorless areas. Aphids parasitize, sucking vital cell juices from young shoots and transfer and spread plant viruses, the plant itself weakens, does not tolerate cold well, and becomes vulnerable to fungal and bacterial pathogens. The entomophagous (beneficial insect) goldeneye (Spguzora sogpea 5ieri) is one of the most effective bioagents in the biological protection of plants from the above-mentioned pests, and its use during the period of emergence of shoots and leaves of plants increases biological efficiency and provides effective biological protection against a number of insect pests. The second (and most effective) biological agent in the integrated bioprotection of plants is the use of an entomological preparation of Trichogramma (Thispodgatta) in the form of infected eggs of the grain moth, which is the laboratory host of Trichogramma, from which it is reborn in fields, gardens, vineyards, hop fields, berries, melons or closed ground The main spectrum of destruction of ovipositors of pest insects is very wide. First of all, these are the eggs of winter and gnawing moths, meadow, stem, cotton butterflies, etc.

The next (third) introduction of a biopreparation - a beneficial insect of the gabbrobracon (Nabgobgasop peregiog Zau) provides the next phase of biological protection of plants on an organic basis. Its wide scope of application, after introduction of trichogram, allows to destroy the caterpillar, which 60 is reborn from the surviving egg-laying insects, which were not neutralized by the previous two entomophages (Goldilocks and Trichogram) from the system of integrated plant bioprotection proposed by us.

Implement an integrated method of plant bioprotection using a complex of three entomophages as follows.

Goldenrod in natural conditions is known and distributed by many species very widely.

It is found on a wide range of plants and many agrocenoses of agricultural, technical and other crops. It is a broad polyphagus, feeding on many species of arthropods and mites. Despite the fact that goldenrod occupies a certain place in the agrobiocenosis, its abundance and useful activity are significantly reduced under the influence of high temperatures, low relative humidity, natural enemies, and widely used highly toxic chemical plant protection agents against various pests. Therefore, it is correct to apply the method of seasonal release of goldenrod in order to enrich agrobiocenoses and bioprotect agricultural crops. It is especially active in destroying aphids, spider mites, mites, false scales, scoops, moths, etc. In the spring, during the period of the appearance of the first shoots and leaves of plants (April-May), the fields are colonized with the eggs of the golden eye at the beginning of the development of pests, at the rate of settlement of 1500-2000 pieces per 1 ha of areas infected with aphids, spider mites, etc. It is possible to release adults or larvae of 1-2 ages with a predator-prey ratio of 1:1. During the period of development, the larva destroys 500-600 aphids or 1000 individuals of an ordinary spider mite.

The technology of goldfish breeding in laboratory conditions consists of the following production processes: preparation of the fodder base for larvae; incubation of goldfish eggs; rearing of larvae in cages; raising adults and collecting eggs; storage and transportation of biomaterial to the place of its use.

In laboratory conditions, goldfish can be stored in all phases, each of which has a certain duration of storage. The eggs of the common goldeneye can be stored for 1-2 weeks at a temperature of 4-8"C and a relative humidity of 50-90 95. Goldeneye adults can be stored for up to 5-6 months. Fed adults of 150-200 individuals are launched into clean three-liter glass cylinders filled with by a third with wood shavings or dark cotton rags. The cylinders are installed in a refrigerating chamber with a temperature of 5-8 C and a relative humidity of 75-80 95. After every 8-10 days, imago feeding is carried out. You can use household refrigerators, refrigerating chambers for storing biomaterial .

In order to introduce trichogramma, which is in the larval stage in the eggs of the host insect, into the agrocenosis, it is necessary to strictly observe the terms of the release of the parasite. It is advisable to release the trichogram on infected fields in two periods: the first - at the beginning of egg laying of each pest, the second - after 5-7 days, at the beginning of mass egg laying. The period of the beginning of egg-laying of pests is established visually or with the help of means of control, such as light or pheromone traps. The rate of release of trichogram depends on the number of eggs of the pest and varies between 100-200 thousand per 1 ha.

The trichogram is used after it is revived. To do this, containers with trichogram eggs are placed in a room with room temperature until the mass revival of the egg-eater, as a rule, this period is 1.5-3 days. Reborn trichograms are visible to the naked eye - they move intensively around the container.

The trichogram is distributed in the agrocenosis in warm, dry weather, preferably in the morning (7:00-11:00) and evening (17:00-20:00) hours, by any known method, for example manually or with the help of drones, drones, light-powered vehicles airplanes or hang gliders.

Trichogramma belongs to egg-eating predators, so it is not effective against pests in the larval stage. To destroy larvae (caterpillars) from the rest of the surviving egg clutches of insect pests, an entomophagous gabrobracon is additionally added to the agrocenosis in the system of integrated protection.

It is advisable to disperse Gabrobrakon when the caterpillars of pests of the second age and the first generation are reached.

If necessary, re-release is carried out after 5-8 days. The amount of gabbrobrakon required for release is determined as follows: at a density of caterpillars of the pest from 5 to 10 individuals per 100 plants, 1000 females of the parasite are released per 1 ha in each season. With a density of up to 20 pests - 2000 females each, more than 20 individuals of the pest - 3000 or more. Consumption rate: 500-5000 people per hectare. The interval between treatments is 7-10 days, the number of treatments is 1-3.

The technical result of the biological efficiency of the proposed integrated method of plant bioprotection is 80-100 95.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA An integrated method of bioprotection of plants using a complex of entomophages (Spguzora sotea 5ieri, Tgispodgatta, Nabrgobgasop Pperepog Zau), which includes at least one introduction into the agrocenosis of Trichogramma (Tgispodgatta), which is in the larval stage in the eggs of the host insect, at the specified time by any known in a way that differs in that previously, in the spring, during the period of the appearance of the first shoots and leaves of plants, the goldenrod (Spguzora sogpea bieri) is settled in the agrocenosis, and after the introduction of the trichogram, when detecting or predicting the likely appearance of caterpillar pests, on the plants in the agrocenosis gabbrobrakon insects (Nabgobgasog Nerepog Zau) are distributed at least once to inactivate the caterpillar.