UA133543U - BIOGAS REACTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

Biogas reactor contains reservoir, loading hopper, gate valve, heating element, cleaning device, rotary screw, reverse switches, unloading auger, motor reducer, clutch, tank, pump, electromagnetic couplings, sprockets, sprockets, sprockets mechanical valve. It is equipped with a screw mixer with opposite turns, which serves to destroy the floating crust on the substrate surface and the sediment at the bottom of the tank, as well as intensify the anaerobic fermentation process.

Description

The useful model belongs to the fields of processing of agricultural raw materials and utilization of organic waste of the agro-industrial complex, food industry and communal economy, in particular to installations for the production of biogas and organic fertilizers during the fermentation of a multicomponent substrate that has organic materials in its composition.

Known biogas plant (Patent of Ukraine Mo 63825, IPC (2006.01) СО2Е 11/04. Biogas plant / G.S. Ratushnyak, O.G. Lyaluk, K.V. Anokhin, I.A. Koscheev; applicant and owner of the patent

Vinnytsia National Technical University Me cy201102656; statement 03/09/2011; published 25.10.2011, Bull. Mo 20/20111, which contains a tank covered with insulation, a consumer pipe with a tap, a vertical propeller mixer on a hollow shaft above which is placed a loading hopper with the first gate valve and a protective gas distribution grid. Under the vertical propeller stirrer there is an opening for removing the spent biomass substrate with a second gate valve in the lower part of the installation, the tank is wrapped with an electric heating cable with a thermostat, two heat exchange circuits, each of which consists of heat exchangers, and the first heat exchanger is connected to a gas pipeline, with a compressor and a biomass substrate preparation unit, and the second - with a spent biomass substrate pipeline with a fecal pump and a biomass substrate preparation unit.

The disadvantage of this biogas plant is low efficiency due to insufficient mixing and heating of the biomass substrate.

A well-known biogas plant (Patent of Ukraine Mo 36453, IPC (2006.01) СО2Е 11/04. Biogas plant / G.S. Ratushnyak, K.V. Anokhin; applicant and owner of the patent Vinnytsia National Technical University - Mo i200806844; application 19.05.2008 ; publ. 27.10.2008, Bul. Mo 20/20081, which contains a tank closed by a frame of a greenhouse, a consumer pipe, an agitator placed on a shaft, in which a biomass heater is installed, a loading hopper with a gate valve.

The disadvantage of such an installation is low productivity due to uneven heating of the substrate and the technical complexity of the design.

The biogas reactor (Patent 127444

Ukraine, IPC (2018.01) СО2Е 11/04. Biogas reactor /M.V. Lubin, V.M. Yaropud, D.M. Tokarchuk,

From O.A. Tokarchuk; the applicant and owner of the patent Vinnytsia National Agrarian University - MO 201803681; statement 04/05/2018; published 07/25/2018, Bul. Mo 14), which consists of a tank, a loading hopper, a gate valve, a heating element, a cleaning device, a rotating screw, reversing switches, an unloading auger, a motor-reducer, a clutch, a tank, a pump, an electromagnetic clutch, sprockets, an electric motor, an electrocontact pressure gauge , consumer pipes, mechanical valve.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the constant formation of a floating crust on the surface of the substrate and sediment at the bottom of the tank, as well as low reactor productivity due to uneven heating of the biomass.

The basis of the useful model is the task of improving the biogas reactor by installing a screw stirrer with opposite windings to intensify the anaerobic fermentation process.

The task is solved due to the fact that in the middle of the tank a screw mixer with opposite windings is installed to destroy the floating crust on the surface of the substrate and the sediment at the bottom of the tank, as well as intensifying the bioconversion process.

The essence of the useful model is explained by the drawings, which show the scheme of the biogas reactor in Fig. 1, in Fig. 2 - section along A-A.

The biogas reactor contains a tank 1 with a screw stirrer with opposite windings 2 placed in the middle of it, a loading hopper C with a built-in gate valve 4, a heating element 5, equipped with a cleaning device b, which periodically moves along a rotating screw 7, at the ends of which there are reverse switches 8 , the unloading auger 9, to which the torque from the motor-reducer 10 is transmitted by means of the clutch 11, the tank 12, the pump 13, the electromagnetic clutches 14 and 15, located on the corresponding sprockets 16 and 17, the electric motor 18, the electrocontact pressure gauge 19 and the pipe consumer 20, equipped with a mechanical valve 21.

The biogas reactor works as follows. When the gate valve 4 is open, the substrate is fed to the tank 1 through the loading hopper 3, which is filled to 3/4 of the volume. For an effective fermentation process, the electric motor 18 is turned on, then the electromagnetic clutch 14, located on the sprocket 16, which activates the screw mixer with opposite windings 2.

Also, to increase the efficiency of fermentation in the biogas reactor, a thermophilic mode is used, in which the temperature inside the biogas reactor must be maintained within 50-55"С, therefore, the coolant is supplied from the tank 12 with the help of the pump 13 to the heating element 5, which heats the substrate.

In the process of heating the substrate, its particles after a certain period of time stick to the surface of the heating element 5, which leads to a decrease in heat transfer. Therefore, to ensure effective heat transfer of the heating element 5 during the operation of the electric motor 18 by turning on the electromagnetic clutch 15, which is located on the sprocket 17, the cleaning device 6 is activated, which moves along the heating element 5 with the help of a rotating screw 7, at the ends of which there are reverse switches 8, which provide a change in the direction of movement of the cleaning device 6.

Biogas produced as a result of fermentation of the substrate accumulates in the upper part of tank 1. At this time, the electrocontact manometer 19 monitors the pressure. When the pressure increases, the mechanical valve 21 opens, biogas is discharged from the tank 1 through the consumer pipe 20 and the pressure decreases.

When the intensity of biogas release decreases, the biomass substrate is unloaded from the tank 1. For this, the motor-reducer 10 is turned on, which transmits the torque through the clutch 11 to the unloading auger 9.

Thus, the use of a screw mixer with opposite windings makes it possible to significantly increase the productivity of the plant due to the uniform distribution of heat throughout the mass of the substrate, as well as prevent the formation of a floating crust on the surface of the substrate and prevent the formation of sediment at the bottom of the biogas plant.

Claims (1)

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