UA131994U - AUTONOMOUS SOLAR TRIGENERATION POWER PLANT - Google Patents

Abstract

Autonomous solar three-generation power plant with hybrid photovoltaic modules integrated into a battery with a common cooling collector. Each module contains two coaxially arranged glass tubes connected to each other to form a vacuum flask. The inner tube is coated with photovoltaic converters (FEP) connected in series with the output electrical contacts. The battery, controller, inverter, serial circuits with the FEP of each photovoltaic module (FEM) are connected through the controller to the battery. The DC controller is connected directly to the other controller output. AC consumers are connected via an inverter. The hybrid FEM contains a thermosiphon in the form of a separate metal body, soldered on both sides, filled under vacuum working fluid with a phase transition and low freezing temperature, located in a vacuum flask type Dewar vessel. The sealed housing of the thermosiphon is made of pure red copper, with a condenser in contact with a common cooling collector, filled with liquid non-freezing coolant, tank-battery with heat exchanger, inlet and outlet pipelines, with a thermal sensor on the inlet pipe. The unit additionally contains an absorption refrigerator connected to the battery tank.

Description

A useful model belongs to renewable energy using solar energy for trigeneration.

A known cogeneration unit with a heat pump (Patent of Ukraine Mo 52822, IPC Boga 5/00.- Publ. 10.09.2010, Bul. Mo 17), which contains a four-stroke internal combustion engine (DV3) with an electric generator, a heat exchanger-cooler of a mixture of combustion products, a cooling jacket of the internal circuit, a heat exchanger - a heat recovery unit for the separation of liquid flows, a circuit of the internal combustion engine cooling system with a circulation pump and a water cooling circuit of the heat supply network with a circulation pump, two cylinders of the internal combustion engine are a compressor of the heat pump, and the other two are cylinders of an internal combustion engine, which increases the efficiency of the installation by warm

A trigeneration plant is also known. Patent of Ukraine Mo 97931, IPC: Б258 27/02, Г258 29/00, гО2а 5/00.- Publ. 12.12.2011, Bull. Mo 231, containing a four-cylinder four-stroke

A diesel engine with an electric generator, a heat exchanger-cooler of a mixture of combustion products, a cooling jacket of an internal circuit, a heat exchanger - a heat exchanger for the separation of liquid flows, a circuit of a cooling system of an internal combustion engine with a circulation pump and a water cooling circuit of the heat supply network with a circulation pump, a device for heating the fuel mixture, a vortex tube, waste gas heat recovery unit. It can be used as an autonomous power plant for stationary and mobile objects for the purpose of simultaneous production of cold electrical and thermal energy.

A common drawback of the above power plants (1, 2) is the impossibility of using them for the utilization of solar thermal energy.

The well-known compression heat pump for cooling drinks (Patent of Ukraine Mo 108003

OA. IPC o g258B 29/00, 8670 1/08.- publ. 24.06.2016, Bul. Mo 12), containing a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, connected to each other by a circuit filled with a refrigerant, a supply pump, a throttle and a filter-drier, connected in series to the circuit of a heat pump (TN) with an environmentally safe refrigerant - Freon-B134, a bath for cooling water and forming an ice field, with an agitator pump, evaporator, temperature regulator with a sensor, a product pipe for supplying the drink to the consumer, a fan for blowing the air condenser, a liquid condenser, a heat exchanger for supplying heated water for washing used dishes.

The disadvantage of the well-known TN is that it uses expensive electricity to cool the drink and heat the washing water.

The closest analogue of the proposed device is an autonomous cogeneration power plant with hybrid photovoltaic modules of a cylindrical shape (Patent

Mo 107991 of Ukraine, IPC NOTI 31/00, NOT.) 7/00, gO24s 2/00. - Publ. 24.06.2016, Bull. Mo 121, combined into a battery, with a common cooling collector, each module contains two coaxially located glass tubes, connected to each other to form a vacuum bulb, the inner tube is covered with photoelectric converters (PEP), connected in a series circuit with electric with thermal contacts, battery, controller, inverter, series circuits from FEP of each FEM are connected through the controller to the battery, direct current consumers are connected to the other output of the controller, and alternating current consumers are connected through the inverter, the hybrid FEM contains a thermosiphon in the form of a separate metal case, soldered with both sides, filled under vacuum with a working body with a phase transition and a low freezing temperature, located in a vacuum flask of the vessel type

Dewar, hermetic thermosyphon housing is made of pure red copper, with a condenser in contact with a common cooling collector filled with a liquid non-freezing coolant, an accumulator tank with a heat exchanger, pipelines, a temperature sensor on and a vortex pump on the outlet pipeline.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the lack of cold generation, which reduces the efficiency of the power plant in the summer.

The basis of the useful model is the task of expanding the functional capabilities of the useful model due to the introduction of an absorption refrigerator.

The task is solved by the fact that the autonomous solar trigeneration power plant contains FEMs combined into a battery with a common cooling collector, each module contains two coaxially located glass tubes connected to each other to form a vacuum bulb, the inner tube is covered with FEM, with connected in a series circuit with removed electrical thermal contacts, battery, controller, inverter, series circuits from the FEM of each FEM are connected through the controller to the battery, to the other output of the controller, direct current consumers are connected, and AC consumers are connected through the inverter, the hybrid FEM contains a thermosyphon in in the form of a separate metal body, welded on both sides, filled under vacuum with a working body with a phase transition and a low freezing temperature, located in a vacuum flask of the vessel type

Dewar, hermetically sealed thermosiphon body, made of pure red copper, with a condenser in contact with a common cooling collector filled with a liquid non-freezing coolant, an accumulator tank with a heat exchanger, inlet and outlet pipes, with a temperature sensor on the inlet pipe and a vortex pump on the outlet pipe, according to with a useful model, contains an absorption refrigerator connected to a thermal storage tank.

The presence of a thermosyphon ensures the transportation of steam of the working medium to the condensation zone and the return of condensate back; the presence of a working medium with a low boiling point under vacuum in the thermosiphon housing ensures a reduction of the boiling point to a temperature of 25-30 C, and, accordingly, the operating temperature of the FEP is not higher than this value; the location of the condensers in the common cooling collector ensures heat selection of the "vapor-liquid" phase transition; a non-freezing liquid coolant together with a vortex pump on the inlet pipeline provide heat transportation to the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger provides heat transfer to the accumulator tank; the controller ensures the "charge-discharge" mode of the battery and turning on the vortex pump when a signal from the temperature sensor appears; turning on low-resistance Schottky diodes in series with FEP circuits makes it impossible to discharge the battery at night, and turns off a circuit with a damaged FEP or with insufficient lighting, as a load on healthy FEP circuits of other FEMs; switching on Schottky diodes with a common point at the input to the controller reduces the number of electrical connections and increases the reliability of the circuit.

The improvement of the power plant leads to the combined generation of electrical energy, heat and cold, increasing its overall efficiency and effectiveness.

The technical essence of the useful model is explained by graphic material, where in Fig. 1 shows the functional diagram of an autonomous solar three-generation power plant; in Fig. 2 shows the device of a hybrid FEM with a thermosiphon.

The autonomous three-generation power plant with hybrid FEMs contains a battery 1 of several hybrid FEMs 2 of a cylindrical shape, united by a common cooling collector 3, a battery 4, a controller 5, an inverter 6, direct current consumers 7, connected

From to the output of the controller 5 directly, consumers of alternating current 8, connected through an inverter 5, a storage tank 9 with a heat exchanger 10 and pipelines 11,12, a temperature sensor 13 on the input pipeline 11 and a vortex pump 14 on the output pipeline 12 with a liquid coolant 15, an electric valve 16. Hybrid FEM 2 contains two glass tubes 17,18 made of borosilicate glass, the inner tube 17 is located in a transparent tube 18 of a larger diameter (one inside the other), connected to each other like a Dewar vessel Iner:/yKk.mikireadia.ogdAmiki/losudina DewaraiY, with a vacuum cavity 19 between them. The outer surface of the inner tube 17 is covered with a film of semiconductor FEPs 20, which is applied directly to the glass, connected electrically in series (not shown). Inside the inner tube 17 is a thermosyphon in the form of a sealed housing 21 made of pure red copper, with a condenser 22 in contact with the cooling collector 3, with a liquid non-freezing coolant 15, for example, antifreeze. Hermetic housing 21 and condenser 22 are filled with working body 23, with a phase transition, from liquid to gas and vice versa, with a low freezing temperature, with a vapor zone and a condensation zone. Turning on low-resistance Schottky diodes 24 in series with FEP circuits makes it impossible to discharge the battery at night, and excludes a circuit with a damaged FEP or with insufficient lighting as a load on healthy FEP circuits of other FEMs. An absorption refrigerator 25 is attached to the accumulator tank 9. The working medium 23 of the thermosyphon can be used: ethanol or its aqueous solution, and/or acetone, and/or ether or their mixture. Parameters of ethanol (SgH5OH) | Vargaftik N.B. Handbook on thermophysical properties of gases and liquids. - ed. 2nd supplement. and processing - M.: Nauka, 1972. - P. 407-415): critical temperature Tkr-516.1 K (243.1 7С), critical pressure Ryer-63.9Pa, boiling point at atmospheric pressure (Р-0.1 MPa) Tkiy-351.3K (78.37С), and the specific heat of vaporization /-840 kJ/kg, the heat capacity of gaseous ethanol in the temperature range from 0 to 1007 is Ср - 1.34...1.69 kJ/kg. hail. At the vapor pressure of ethanol (С2Н»ОНН) R-20 kPa, ethanol condenses at Tkip-224.6 K (41.7 "C). At P-1OkPa - Tkip -301.9 K (28.9 "C). Parameters of acetone -

С(СН3)269О: critical temperature Tkr-508 K (235 "С), critical pressure Pр-47.6 Pa, boiling point at atmospheric pressure (Р-0.1 MPa) Tkip-329.1 K (56.1 "C), heat capacity at boiling

I-524 kJ/kg. When the pressure decreases, the boiling point decreases accordingly. The choice of a low-boiling substance or their mixture as a working fluid and the degree of vacuum in a hermetic housing allows you to choose the optimal boiling temperature for cooling the FEP film.

An autonomous solar trigeneration power plant works as follows.

From the flask formed by glass tubes 17,18, air is pumped out to create a vacuum, which prevents reverse heat conduction and convection heat loss. Sunlight freely passes through the outer transparent tube 18 and falls on a thin film of FEP 20 applied to the outer surface of the inner tube 17, which generate electricity. The borosilicate glass of the outer tube 18 transmits waves of solar radiation in the range of 0.4...2.7 μm. As the working body 23, the hermetic body 21 is filled with an easily boiling liquid (boiling point - about 30 "C) under vacuum. Due to solar radiation, the outer surface of the inner tube 17 is heated, and from it, due to convection, heat 01 heats the working body 23 in the copper hermetic body 21. As a result, the working body 23 boils, and steam is formed. From the evaporation zone, the steam rises up - into the condensation zone (on the right in Fig. 2) to the condenser 22, which is washed by the liquid coolant 15 in the cooling collector 3. As a result, the steam condenses from with a heat return of 0", and the condensate flows back - into the evaporation zone of the sealed housing 21, cooling the FEP film 20, and the cycle repeats again. The high heat transfer coefficient of the working body 23, its small amount and relatively small dimensions of the sealed housing 21 made of pure red copper give effective thermal conductivity Hermetic housing 21 works as a thermal diode Thermal conductivity is very high in one direction (upward) and low in reverse (down). Filling the hermetic housing 21 with the working body 23 under vacuum allows to lower its boiling temperature, which ensures cooling of the FEP film 20. From the common cooling collector 3, the liquid coolant 15 flows to the heat exchanger 10 of the storage tank 9 through pipelines 11, 12, with a temperature sensor 13 at the inlet 11 and a vortex pump 14 on the output pipeline 12. The supply of water to the storage tank 10 is regulated by the electric valve 16, and the selection of heated water to the consumer is regulated by gravity. Switching on low-resistance Schottky diodes 24 (pyrze/gy.mikiredia.ogod/lmiki/Schottky diode)| in series with circuits

The FEP (not shown) of each FEM prevents discharge of the battery 4 at night, and excludes the circuit with damaged FEPs or with insufficient lighting as a load on the healthy FEP circuits of the other FEMs.

Trigeneration is more profitable compared to cogeneration, as it makes it possible to efficiently use the utilized heat not only in winter for heating, but also in summer for

For room conditioning or for technological needs. For this, you can use absorption bromolithium refrigerating units. This approach allows you to use the generating unit all year round, thereby not reducing the high efficiency of the power plant in the summer period, when the need for heat produced by such equipment decreases.

Technical result: increase in loading and productivity of an autonomous solar power plant due to additional cold generation.

Claims (1)

UTILITY MODEL FORMULA Self-contained solar trigeneration power plant with hybrid photovoltaic modules combined into a battery with a common cooling collector, each module contains two coaxially arranged glass tubes connected to each other to form a vacuum bulb, the inner tube is covered with photoelectric converters (PECs) , connected in a series circuit with removed electric thermal contacts, battery, controller, inverter, series circuits from the FEP of each photovoltaic module (PEM) are connected through the controller to the battery, to the other output of the controller, direct current consumers are connected directly, and alternating current consumers are connected through inverter, the hybrid FEM contains a thermosyphon in the form of a separate metal case, welded on both sides, filled under vacuum with a working body with a phase transition and a low freezing temperature, located in a vacuum flask of the type of a Dewar vessel, the hermetic case of the thermosyphon is made of pure steel copper, with a condenser in contact with a common cooling collector filled with a liquid non-freezing coolant, a storage tank with a heat exchanger, inlet and outlet pipes, with a temperature sensor on the inlet pipe and a vortex pump on the outlet pipe, which differs in that it contains an absorption refrigerator, attached to the battery tank.