UA131646U - METHOD OF PROTECTION OF HEMP SEEDS FROM DOMINANT SCALE PHYTOPHAGES - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of protection of sown hemp from the dominant squamous phytophagous includes before the spring reactivation of squamous phytophagous for 10-12 days, in the fields set aside for sowing hemp, with the surrounding landscape, width 25-30 m, collect diapausing caterpillars - gnawing epsilon, and leaf-eating pupae. At the same time, meadow butterflies, variegated nettle fireflies, leaf miners are collected, and the level of their dominance and potential harmfulness are determined. In addition, in the spring and summer, at the beginning of egg-laying of female phytophagous, three methods of resettlement in the fields of industrial culture of Trichogramma evanescens Westw., With an interval of 7-8 days. Thus the first reception of resettlement is carried out on perimeter of the field, a tape, 25-30 m wide on the vegetation surrounding weeds, with a covering by a trichogram of edge of a field of hemp. In addition, at the beginning of the revival of caterpillars of squamous phytophagous, the surrounding landscape, 25-30 m wide and the edge of hemp crops, 30-35 m wide, sprayed with an aqueous solution of the drug Aktofit, at a rate of 2.0 l / ha. In addition, in mid-summer, when the appearance of cannabis foci of squamous phytophagous caterpillars - moths, fruit eaters, fireflies, moths and leafhoppers older than one age, spend two receptions, with an interval of 8-9 days, focal settlement on plants of laboratory culture gabbrobracon.

Description

The useful model belongs to agriculture, in particular, to the field of plant protection and can be used in modern technologies of integrated protection of industrial crops.

It is known that among the stress factors that reduce crop productivity, there are numerous types of phytophagous insects that damage all plant organs. Among them, species that damage reproductive organs and seeds are particularly dangerous.

Among them, a complex of scale-winged phytophagous caterpillars is distinguished, which damage all plant organs, including inflorescences and fruiting bodies of the mother plant. They also eat the ovaries and unripe seeds. As a result, the yield of fiber decreases by 20-50 95, and the seed yield by 10-55 95 (Vyrovets, R.N., Plyazeidinov, P.A. and others. Handbook of hemp. K.: Urozhai, 1994. - 80 p.).

It is known that various techniques and methods are used to protect hemp seeds.

These are a number of agrotechnical methods, optimal crop rotation, collection and burning of post-harvest residues, deep plowing (Tkalych P.P., Lepskaya L.A., Holoborodko P.A.

Cannabis protection system. Protection of plants. - 1983, - Mo. 1. - p. 46-49).

Known methods and techniques are quite time-consuming and expensive. Despite their high economic efficiency, their implementation is accompanied by a number of negative consequences. The negative effect from the use of chemical insecticides, especially in relation to the populations of entomophages and pollinating insects, is not included.

There is a known method of protecting nightshade crops, in particular tomatoes, from a complex of lepidopteran phytophages, which is the closest analogue (Drozda V.F. Method of controlling the number of harmful lepidopteran solanaceous crops. Patent of Ukraine Mo 34444, IPC AO1 M 63/00; AO1 o 13/00.

Publ. 11.08.2008, Bull. Mo 15). The method described in the next analysis consists in the fact that the protection of nightshade crops from lepidopterous phytophages is carried out by a one-time settlement in the agrocenosis of a mixture of two types of parasite eggs, in particular, Pispodgatta yemapezsep5

UMezim/. and T. ripioi Moed. in a ratio of 1:11 at the rate of 40,000 females per 1 ha. For the appearance of lepidopteran phytophagous caterpillars, two methods of dispersal of the parasite Nurozeieg diditayug Tpapb are carried out. at the rate of 350-400 adults per hectare. Implementation of the known method made it possible to protect the crop of nightshade crops while preserving natural populations of entomophagous and pollinating insects.

However, the known method has the following disadvantages: the problem of protection is only partially solved

From hemp seeds from lepidopteran phytophages; undeveloped laboratory mode of breeding of the parasite of lepidopteran phytophagous caterpillars Nurozeieg aiditayog Tpapb.; there are no receptions using microbiological preparations; insignificant final efficiency of the method.

The basis of a useful model is the task of experimentally substantiating the method of protecting seed hemp from dominant lepidopteran phytophages. Based on the monitoring of phytophages, the task was set to protect crops, using only elements of biological origin.

The task is solved by the fact that the method of protecting hemp seeds from the dominant lepidopteran phytophages, which includes methods of visual monitoring of agrocenoses and the distribution of the industrial culture of trichogram, according to a useful model, that 10-12 days before the start of spring reactivation of lepidopteran phytophages, in the fields allocated for sowing hemp, with the surrounding landscape, 25-30 m wide, collect diapausing caterpillars of gnawing caterpillars - winter caterpillars, caterpillars, upsilon, and pupae of leaf-gnawing caterpillars, for example, cabbage, cotton, alfalfa and other caterpillars. Gatherings of the meadow butterfly, the variegated nettle firefly, and the leaf curler-ch-ekanshchitsi are held. Determine the level of their dominance and potential harmfulness. In the spring-summer period, at the beginning of egg-laying of phytophagous females, there are three methods of settling in the fields of the industrial culture of trichograma, of the species Hispodgatta eymapezsepv5

Umevim/., with an interval of 7-8 days. The first method of resettlement is carried out along the perimeter of the field, with a tape 25-30 m wide on the vegetation surrounded by weeds, with a trichogram covering the edge of the hemp fields. The width of the tape is 15-20 m. The norms of distribution of the trichogram are 40; 80; and 60,000 individuals per hectare. At the beginning of the revival of lepidopteran phytophagous caterpillars, the land of the surrounding landscape, 25-30 m wide and the edge of hemp crops, 30-35 m wide, is sprayed with an aqueous solution of the drug Actofit, at the rate of 2.0 l/ha. In the middle of the summer, when clusters of lepidopteran phytophagous caterpillars - scoops, fruit-eaters, fireflies, moths and leafhoppers older than one year - appear on hemp crops, two receptions are carried out, with an interval of 8-9 days, of cluster distribution on plants of the laboratory culture of gabbrobracon (Nabgobgasop Nebeyug Zau.) at the rate of 600 and 700 individuals per 1 ha.

The essence of the proposed method is that it takes into account such defining features of the biology of the majority of lepidopteran phytophages, which are ecologically and trophically related to hemp plantings, such as their accumulation on weedy vegetation in the spring.

Their monitoring provides comprehensive information about their accumulation and development. It is on these sites that the first reception of the industrial culture of trichograma is carried out. The edges of the agrocenosis are places of primary accumulation of lepidopterous phytophages, where the trichogram is also settled.

Surface, mostly group oviposition of phytophages makes it much easier for Trichogram females to find and infect phytophagous eggs with Trichogram.

The use of the microbiological preparation Actofit ensures a high level of death of reborn caterpillars. The culture of the ectoparasite, after its resettlement, is accompanied by a long-term period of parasitism of the caterpillars of lepidopterous phytophages, which excludes outbreaks of the number of phytophages.

An example of the implementation of the method

A series of laboratory and field studies. Biomaterial collected, mainly on weedy vegetation - ovipositions of leaf-gnawing and gnawing caterpillars, other lepidopterous phytophages, were identified in laboratory conditions. Industrial crops of phytophagous insect eggs parasite were grown according to known methods, accumulated, ensuring their high level of viability. Such operations and receptions were carried out with a laboratory culture of the ectoparasite Gabrobrakon.

A series of field studies in the agrocenosis of hemp - crops and the surrounding landscape. When conducting research, methods generally accepted in the field of entomology, parasitology, and plant protection were used. To justify the effectiveness and possible effectiveness of the proposed method, experimental options were formed, of which there were three and a control. In the first version, essential elements of the proposed method were implemented. In the second - method - the closest analogue. In the third, a similar task was solved by using chemical preparations entered in the State Register of Ukraine. The most objective test characteristics were used to evaluate the final result. The obtained digital material was processed statistically. A significant variety of phytophagous insect species, their high number in the first two years of research, testify to the reliability of the obtained digital material.

The results of the research are given in the table.

The final efficiency of the proposed method was 84.3 95, against 70.995 in the closest analogue. According to all test parameters, the proposed method exceeded

From the closest analogue. At the same time, the structure of lepidopteran phytophages of the hemp agrocenosis of seed crops and the surrounding landscape was carried out. As you can see, the leaf-gnawing weevils dominated - cabbage, gama, cotton, meadow, caradrina, clover, and alfalfa, totaling 44.5-50.4 95 of all discovered during three years of fund research. Among the nibblers were - winter, oklychna, epsilon. Among other phytophagous species are the corn stalk and meadow butterflies, the variegated nettle firefly, and the leaf curler. Biological methods, as part of the proposed method, controlled the spread and development of phytophages. Outbreaks of lepidopteran phytophages were excluded. Their number did not exceed threshold levels. Thus, the proposed method not only protected hemp crops from lepidopteran phytophages, but also created a situation in which the agrocenosis within the surrounding landscape functioned in a self-regulating mode during the growing season.

Table

Effectiveness results from the implementation of the method of protection of seed hemp from lepidopteran phytophages (Lisostep, 2015-2017)

The general background of parasitization of parasitoid lepidopteran phytophages U . at/; eggs by trichogram, bathing |Efficiency

Ways to use caterpillars The efficiency is compared to List- | Phytophages Phytophages of phytophages Aktophyta, methods, 90 "I nibble-| Others | weeds, 77. |gabrobra- Fo rodents: sown o scoops and species|perimeter (Onopdi /SOnom, in the field it is proposed to save 481 4 2 2 4 12 The indicator is not the closest 8, 31.0 0.91 66, 7, 5 6 70.9 analogue is taken into account

Table

Effectiveness results from the implementation of the method of protection of seed hemp from lepidopteran phytophages (Lisostep, 2015-2017) - Level

The general background of parasitization | Parasite of lepidopteran phytophages UTU r U . at/; eggs by trichogram, bathing |Efficiency

Ways that 'to caterpillars |Anduses| The effectiveness of phytophages is compared |... itgophages| Actofytus, methods, 9s and List--. . fa Phytophages phytoph of U y "Nibble-| Others | weeds, 7. |gabrobra- o rodents: sown o what species |perimeter . | konom, 90 scoops of hemp fields

Base Rate is not an option. sriant is taken into account. 46.7. 257 |276| 138 62 7, (calculated/) 887

Chemical chemical standard insecticides

Control /504| 26.7 /|297| 152 | 117 | 129 | - | -

Noah | - | - |-1| 83 | 26 | With | - | 57

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA A method of protecting seeded hemp from dominant lepidopteran phytophages, which includes methods of visual monitoring of agrocenoses and distribution of industrial trichograma culture, which is distinguished by the fact that 10-12 days before the start of the spring reactivation of lepidopteran phytophages, in the fields designated for sowing hemp, with the surrounding landscape, 25-30 m wide, they collect diapausing caterpillars of nibblers - winter caterpillars, caterpillars, upsilon, and pupae of leaf-gnawing caterpillars, for example, cabbage, cotton, alfalfa and other caterpillars, while collecting the meadow butterfly, variegated nettle firefly, leaf curler-hammer , in addition, determine the level of their dominance and potential harmfulness, in addition, in the spring-summer period, at the beginning of egg-laying of phytophagous females, they carry out three methods of dispersal to the fields of industrial culture of trichogram, species Tgispodgatta yemapezsep5 UMezim/., with an interval of 7-8 days, at the same time, the first method of resettlement is carried out along the perimeter of the field, with a tape, 25-30 m wide on vegetation surrounded by weeds, covered with a trichogram of the edge of the hemp field, while the width of the tape is 15-20 m, the distribution norms of the trichogram are 40; 80; and 60 thousand individuals per 1 ha, in addition, at the beginning of the rebirth of lepidopteran phytophagous caterpillars, the land of the surrounding landscape, 25-30 m wide and the edge of hemp crops, 30-35 m wide, is sprayed with an aqueous solution of the drug Actofit, at the rate of 2.0 l/ha, in addition, in the middle of summer, for the appearance of clusters of lepidopteran phytophagous caterpillars on hemp crops - scoops, fruit eaters, fireflies, moths and leafhoppers older than one year, two receptions are carried out, with an interval of 8-9 days, of focal settlement on plants of laboratory culture gabbrobrakon (Nabgobgasop pereg Zau.) at the rate of 600 and 700 individuals per 1 ha.