UA129030U - Ejector feeder-disintegrator - Google Patents

Abstract

The ejector feeder-disintegrator has a mixing chamber with a lateral dosed supply of a passive ejected medium, a central nozzle of the ejector to supply the active ejected medium, coaxial confuser connected to a cylindrical mixing section, and a working diffuser associated with the pressure head. The working diffuser at the point of connection to the pressure pipeline has slots or openings, which are made at an angle of 15-55 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the device. The outlet part of the diffuser is located in the confuser bell of the pressure pipe with the formation of an annular gap. The confuser tube is connected to a closed cylindrical chamber, the housing of which encloses the diffuser, and has a branch pipe supply gaseous agent.

Description

The useful model belongs to the processing industry and can be used for disintegration and pneumatic transportation over a considerable distance of raw materials, the structure of which is represented by finely dispersed particles, and the physical and mechanical properties determine its tendency to clump and form weakly bound conglomerates, the particles of which are interconnected due to electrostatic, electromagnetic forces or intermolecular bonds, adhesion and mechanical coupling.

In particular, a useful model can be used for the disintegration and transportation of ash of thermal power plants, in which the content of the constituent components determines the probability of coagulation after cooling and interaction with the environment. This ash intensively extracts moisture, as a result of which it clumps and clumps, which creates difficulties during transportation and subsequent processing for the purpose of selective extraction of useful components.

The useful model can be used as a mobile or stationary installation, designed for the disintegration and pneumatic delivery of raw materials of man-made deposits, represented by finely dispersed raw materials in the form of stacked ash of thermal power plants or sludges of metallurgical enterprises, which are compacted as a result of metamorphic processes caused by atmospheric precipitation and the influence of the environment of the industrial region . As a result of the mentioned effect, the stored product is compacted, its particles interact, forming conglomerates, which, if further processing is necessary, must be disintegrated into constituent components and moved using pneumatic transport.

The device can be used in those cases when it is necessary not only to disintegrate the product, but also to provide the possibility of pneumatic transportation to a significant state in a suspended state.

The design of a jet-ring ejector is known, which includes an ejector body, a nozzle for connecting an active liquid pipeline, a pressure chamber, a pressure ring nozzle-receiver for suction of passive liquid or bulk substances with nozzle holes directed vertically downward from the pressure chamber, a pressure pipeline. The ejector device is a collapsible structure consisting of separate parts - a body, a confusor with a flange, a nozzle-receiver made in the form of a nozzle. The upper conical end of the nozzle is installed with a gap in relation to the confusor to form an annular nozzle. The lower end of the nozzle has

From the thread, the lower flange with holes-nozzles and a thread for the nozzle-receiver. The flanges have a thread for connection with a tee. The pressure chamber is formed by a body, a baffle with a flange, a lower flange and a receiver nozzle installed on a thread in the lower flange and fixed with a lock nut, and the nozzle for connecting the active fluid pipeline is made with a thread (Russian patent Mo 2435989 for the invention).

The disadvantage of the known device is that its field of application is limited to the pumping of bottom sediments and contaminated liquids from stormwater and sewage wells using jet pumps (ejectors). The working environment in this case is represented by a mixture of liquid and solid phases with different volume and mass ratios.

The device cannot provide effective pneumatic transport of compacted finely dispersed components due to insufficient discharge created by the ejector. In addition, the design of the device does not provide for the possibility of disintegration of the transported flow for uniform distribution of the solid phase in the volume of the working gaseous agent. This limits the distance of transportation due to the probability of deposition of the solid phase of the flow on the walls of the pressure pipeline, leading to the possibility of its clogging.

The design of an air ejector for transporting bulk materials with direct-flow movement of the ejected medium is known. The ejector contains a multi-nozzle ring manifold with nozzles inclined to the main axis of the ejector, a diffuser and a mixing chamber. The nozzles are made in the form of elliptical cylinders at the air inlet, which smoothly transition into elliptical cones at the outlet. The intersection of the nozzles in the planes perpendicular to the main axis of the ejector has the shape of a circle, the larger axes of the ellipses are tangent to the surface of the imaginary cone formed by the geometric axes of the nozzles intersecting at a point that lies on the plane of the inlet opening of the cylindrical nozzle of the mixing chamber (copyright certificate of the USSR 5) 673563 A1, publ. 07/15/1979 |

The disadvantage of the known device is that the flow of the working agent moves along a complex trajectory, which determines significant flow resistance and low productivity of the installation. The device can work only with a small concentration of the solid phase in the general air flow, while the solid phase must be represented by a homogeneous, well-flowing, uniform material. The design of the device does not provide for the possibility of disintegration of the product during its ejection and transportation.

The design of the ejector device, intended for crushing and moving bulk materials using pneumatic transport, is known. According to the design of the device, the crushed material is sent from the hopper by the feeder into the pipe and further into the vertical pipe connecting the grinding chamber with the dust separator. The coarse fraction enters the injectors, and then - into the grinding chamber. The fine fraction from the separator is fed into the cleaner.

In the known device, the grinding chamber is made with two grinding injectors directed against each other. The camera consists of a receiver, an ejector, as well as expansion tubes fixed in a holder. Inside the chamber are counter-directed compressed air nozzles, made with the possibility of movement along the longitudinal axis.

During the operation of the device, the loose product is fed into counter-directed nozzles with the help of compressed air. When exiting the nozzles, the product particles collide with each other, are crushed and fed into the pipeline due to excess air pressure (V.I. Akunov "Struynye melnyts!?, "Mashinostroenie" Ed., 1967, - pp. 138-140).

The disadvantage of the known device is that its use is limited to the grinding of a coarse-grained product, which has considerable strength. The use of a device for the disintegration of conglomerates consisting of small and dispersed particles leads to their deep grinding, the probability of destruction of the grains of a low-strength useful component and, accordingly, to its significant losses during subsequent cycles of the enrichment process.

In the known device, the flow of crushed raw materials enters a pipeline of short length. When the transportation distance increases, a large resistance to the outflow of the ejection jet is created, which leads to the failure of the ejector.

The closest solution, chosen as a prototype, is a mixing device for obtaining a gas-powder suspension flow. The device contains a turbulation chamber in the form of a pipe, the internal cross-section of which in the flow direction is made in such a way that it tapers into a cone followed by a conical expansion. The device contains a pipe for supplying a mixture of gas and powder and an injector in the form of an annular cavity. In the device, there is a mixing chamber in front of the turbulation chamber, which passes into the channel of the supply pipe. The gas supply means is made in the form of a Venturi pipe located at the entrance of the mixing chamber along its axis, and the powder supply means is in the form of a side inlet (USSR Copyright 5! 1687026 AZ,

From publ. 10/23/1991 |

The disadvantage of the known device is that its design does not provide for the disintegration of conglomerates contained in the solid phase that is being transported.

The known device can be used only for work with well-flowing and uniform powder, the particles of which have the same and fairly high strength. The operating modes of the known device (namely, the speed of the ejecting gas jet) are such that if there are low-strength inclusions in the solid phase (for example, underburned coal in ash), these inclusions will be destroyed and crushed.

The known device is intended only for preparing a uniform gas-powder mixture and for ejecting this mixture at a fairly high speed (dusting process). The device cannot be used as a feeder for pneumatic conveying systems, because if there is resistance to the movement of the mixture at the exit from the device, the ejection effects in the working chambers of the device are disrupted.

The design of the device does not provide control of the process and product transportation modes depending on its physical and mechanical parameters and transportation distance.

The design of the device does not provide for an operational change of modes during operation when product parameters and conditions of its transportation are changed.

The task of the useful model is to improve the ejector feeder due to the fact that: - the expansion tube of the feeder at the exit has a working diffuser with through grooves or holes on the side of the exit part; - the slots or holes in the working diffuser are made at an angle of 15-55" in relation to the longitudinal axis of the device; - the output part of the working diffuser is connected to the pressure pipeline and placed in the confounding bell (conical expansion) of the pressure pipeline; - an annular ring is made between the diffuser and the confounding bell of the pressure pipeline a gap, the outer part of which is located at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the device; - the annular gap is isolated from the outside space by a closed cylindrical chamber that covers the body of the working diffuser; - a nozzle for supplying a compressed gaseous agent is connected to the cylindrical chamber;

- the nozzle for supplying compressed air to the cylindrical chamber can be installed tangentially to its body.

The task is solved due to the fact that the ejector feeder-disintegrator contains a mixing chamber with a side dosed supply of the passive ejected medium, as well as a central ejector nozzle for supplying the active ejected medium.

A confusor connected to the cylindrical mixing section, as well as a working diffuser connected to the pressure pipeline, is located in line with the nozzle.

According to a useful model, the working diffuser at the point of connection to the pressure pipeline has slots or holes that are made at an angle of 15-557 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the device. The output part of the working diffuser is placed in the confusing bell of the pressure pipeline to form an annular lumen, while the confusing bell is connected to a closed cylindrical chamber. The forming body of the cylindrical chamber covers the diffuser and has a nozzle for supplying the gaseous agent.

In order to activate the dynamic effect on the disintegrated product of the vortex flow entering the cavity between the confusor bell and the working diffuser, the nozzle for supplying the gaseous agent is installed tangentially to the axis of the cylindrical chamber with the possibility of forming a vortex flow of the gaseous agent, the vector of which is directed in the opposite direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the slits or diffuser holes.

For the regulated formation of a vortex flow entering the cavity between the confusor nozzle and the working diffuser, the nozzle for supplying the gaseous agent is installed tangentially to the axis of the cylindrical chamber with the possibility of forming a vortex flow of the gaseous agent, the vector of which is directed to the side of the longitudinal axis of the slots or openings of the working diffuser.

To optimize the dynamic characteristics of the vortex flow inside the pressure pipeline, the slots or openings of the working diffuser are narrowed in the direction of gas outflow.

To increase the speed of the vortex flow of the gaseous working medium, the annular space between the forming baffle bell and the working diffuser is narrowed in the direction of gas outflow.

For the formation of a stable zone of turbulence, which ensures periodic impact on

From the conglomerate of the product of compressive and tensile stresses, the axis of the annular gap between the working diffuser and the confusing nozzle of the pressure pipeline is located at an angle of 6-15" relative to the axis of the device in the radial direction.

The technical result of the implementation of the useful model is that: - effective preliminary formation of the flow of the raw material mixture for subsequent disintegration and pressure movement using pneumatic transport is ensured; - the transition of the mixture flow from the cylindrical mixing section, made in the form of a tube, to the working diffuser provides a significant reduction in the resistance of the ejector jet and preparation of the product for disintegration; - through grooves or holes in the working diffuser at the entrance to the pressure pipeline, as well as the annular gap between the working diffuser and the baffle bell of the pressure pipeline ensures the formation of a vortex flow, which is characterized by a sign-changing effect on the particles and conglomerates of raw materials, leading to their disintegration; - differentiation of the supply volume of the additional gaseous agent, which is fed into the annular space between the working diffuser and the confusor bell, ensures effective control of the disintegration process depending on the physical and mechanical parameters of the initial product and its particle size composition; - the device is not energy-intensive and provides the possibility of disintegration of finely dispersed raw materials prone to compaction and its transportation; - the formation of a stable vortex flow allows the product to be transported over a considerable distance without the formation of stagnant zones and the possibility of particle sedimentation; - the design of the device prevents over-grinding of raw materials, which allows to increase the extraction rates of the useful component in subsequent cycles of the enrichment process; - the device allows the use of automated control systems in the processing of industrial volumes of raw materials, which, depending on the origin and the period of being in the stored state, have different physical and mechanical properties; - the device provides for the possibility of different connection of the tangential nozzle to the cylindrical chamber to set the flow direction vector and, accordingly, differential impact on the raw material depending on its physical and mechanical properties.

A useful model is illustrated by diagrams, where: because in fig. 1 shows a vertical projection of the device;

in fig. 2 - flow diagram in the device.

The ejector feeder-disintegrator contains a mixing chamber 1 with a loading hopper 2. An ejector nozzle 3 is placed inside the mixing chamber 1. A confusor 4 and a cylindrical mixing section 5, which is made in the form of a tube, are successively adjacent to the mixing chamber 1.

The cylindrical mixing section 5 is connected to the working diffuser b, which is connected to the pressure pipeline 7 at the outlet.

The working diffuser 6, at the point of connection to the pressure pipeline 7, has slots or holes 8, which are made at an angle of 157-557 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the device.

The output part of the working diffuser would be placed in the confusor bell 9 of the pressure pipeline 7.

An annular gap 10 is formed between the diffuser 6 and the confusing bell 9.

Confusing horn 9 is connected to a closed cylindrical chamber 11 to form a common space.

The cylindrical chamber 11 has a nozzle 12 for supplying a gaseous agent, which is installed tangentially to the axis of the cylindrical chamber 11.

The axis of the annular gap between the working diffuser 6 and the confusing bell 9 of the pressure pipeline 7 can be located at an angle of 6-15" relative to the axis of the device in the radial direction.

The implementation of the device is considered on the example of disintegration and pneumatic delivery of ash of thermal power plants.

When burning fuel of thermal power plants, ash is formed, which, depending on the raw material, has different physical and mechanical properties. At the same time, based on the peculiarities of the technology of burning this fuel, ash is a multi-component finely dispersed product. This product has a high degree of caking and hygroscopicity, which increase the degree of compaction within a short period of time.

Based on the granulometric composition, the most effective way of moving ash is the use of pneumatic transport, which allows you to transport a significant volume of this product over a long distance to the place of further processing.

The peculiarity of this type of transportation is the need to comply with a number of requirements for the transported product, one of the main of which is the minimization of the size of individual particles and the uniform distribution of these particles in the total volume of the pneumatic flow.

Ash after cooling already requires external influence. Studies have shown that it is optimal to affect the product with a pneumatic flow, which ensures complete disintegration of the product to the initial sizes of mineral particles. In addition, with the help of a controlled pneumatic flow, the division of conglomerates is ensured, the individual particles of which are connected to each other by weak molecular, electrostatic or mechanical bonds.

According to the stated technical solution, the ash of thermal power plants, after discharge from the furnace, enters the loading hopper 2 of the ejection feeder by gravity or with the help of a dosing feeder.

From the loading hopper 2, the product - the passive ejected medium - enters the mixing chamber 1, where it interacts with the active ejected medium - compressed air, which is fed into the central nozzle of the ejector 3.

In the zone affected by compressed air, preliminary disintegration of the product occurs and the beginning of the formation of a homogeneous flow by introducing it into the confusor 4, which is adjacent to the mixing chamber 1. The formed flow enters the relatively narrow channel of the tube 5 - the cylindrical mixing section, in which due to of a small cross-section is differentiated into a flow that moves along the walls of tube 5, and a central flow that moves in the zone of the axial part of tube 5. The speed of these flows is different due to interaction with the walls of tube 5, therefore, in this area, the product is intensively mixed with air until the formation of a uniformly moving flow. At the same time, a different velocity of the flow is maintained in the axial region and along the walls. The energy of the central ejecting jet is not enough for the complete disintegration of raw materials.

At the exit from the central mixing area 5, the flow enters the working diffuser 6, in which, due to the expansion of the flow, its speed decreases and the density is equalized.

The main process of raw material disintegration takes place at the exit of the flow from the working diffuser 6 into the pressure pipeline 7. In this transition zone, the axial ejection flow passes through the zone of vortices formed by gas jets that pass through through slots or holes 8, which are made at an angle of 15-557 with respect to longitudinal axis of the device. These slits or holes 8 60 ensure the formation of a helical vortex flow, which narrows to the center, due to which there is a turbulent disintegration of conglomerates of mineral particles into individual components. In addition, the central ejection flow, during its movement, periodically crosses zones of increased and decreased compression (zones of compressive and tensile stresses), which are formed by vortex gas jets. Due to this effect, additional effective disintegration of raw materials is ensured.

The performed laboratory studies and research and industrial tests showed that the indicated range of the angle of inclination of the slots or holes 8 is optimal. Reducing the angle to less than 157 does not allow it to acquire stable vortex properties. This has a negative effect on the process of disintegration of the product and, accordingly, on the indicators of its pneumatic transportation and subsequent enrichment cycles.

When the angle of inclination of slots or holes 8 increases above 50", the resistance to the outflow of the main ejection jet increases sharply, which negatively affects the operation of the pneumatic transport.

The maximum effect is achieved due to the formation of a cyclonic flow when the gaseous agent is fed through the nozzle 12 into the cylindrical chamber 11. Studies have shown that the nozzle 12 can be attached to the cylindrical chamber 11 both tangentially and in another way. From the cylindrical chamber 11, the gaseous agent is directed into the annular gap 10 between the baffle bell 9 of the pressure pipeline 7 and the working diffuser 6. At the same time, a general cyclonic vortex is formed, covering the central ejection jet. Under the action of centrifugal forces, there is intense mixing and equalization of the total density of the flow in the pressure pipeline.

Studies have shown that the formation of a stable zone of turbulence, which provides an effect on the particles of the product of compressive and tensile stresses, can be achieved due to the fact that the axis of the annular gap 10 between the working diffuser 6 and the confusing nozzle 9 of the pressure pipeline 7 is at an angle of 6-15" relative to the axis of the device in the radial direction.

High efficiency of product disintegration is achieved in the case when the supply of the gaseous agent through the nozzle 12 into the cylindrical chamber 11 is carried out tangentially. This achieves the formation of an auxiliary vortex flow, which covers the cyclonic flow.

Depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the output product, the vector of the vortex flow can be directed in two directions depending on the location of the nozzle for supplying the gaseous agent: - the nozzle 12 is installed tangentially to the axis of the cylindrical chamber 11 with the possibility of forming a vortex flow of the gaseous agent, the vector of which is directed in the opposite direction the side relative to the longitudinal axis of the slots or holes 8 of the working diffuser 6; - the nozzle 12 is installed tangentially to the axis of the cylindrical chamber 11 with the possibility of forming a vortex flow of the gaseous agent, the vector of which is directed to the side of the longitudinal axis of the slots or holes 8 of the working diffuser 6.

Studies have shown that optimization of the dynamic characteristics of the vortex flow inside the pressure pipeline 7 can be achieved due to the fact that the slots or openings 8 of the working diffuser 6 are narrowed in the direction of the gas outflow. In addition, this effect can be achieved if the annular gap between the generators of the confusing horn 9 and the working diffuser 6 is narrowed in the direction of gas outflow.

Research and industrial studies of the proposed design have shown that it provides effective disintegration of practically any ash of thermal power plants with any terms and conditions of storage, as well as sludges of enrichment factories, which are subject to transportation over considerable distances and further processing.

Claims (6)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. Ejector feeder-disintegrator containing a mixing chamber with a side dosed 50 supply of passive ejected medium, a central ejector nozzle for supplying an active ejected medium, a confusor coaxial with it, connected to a cylindrical mixing section, and a working diffuser connected with a pressure pipeline, which is distinguished by the fact that the working diffuser at the point of connection to the pressure pipeline has slots or holes that are made at an angle of 15-55" in relation to the longitudinal axis of the device, while the 55 outlet part of the diffuser is placed in the confusing bell of the pressure pipeline to form an annular gap, while the confusor bell is connected to a closed cylindrical chamber, the body of which covers the diffuser, and has a nozzle for supplying a gaseous agent. 2. Ejector feeder-disintegrator according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that the nozzle 60 for supplying the gaseous agent is installed tangentially to the axis of the cylindrical chamber with the possibility of forming a vortex flow of the gaseous agent, the vector of which is directed in the opposite direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the slots or openings of the working diffuser. Z. Ejector feeder-disintegrator according to claim 1, which differs in that the nozzle for supplying the gaseous agent is installed tangentially to the axis of the cylindrical chamber with the possibility of forming a vortex flow of the gaseous agent, the vector of which is directed towards the longitudinal axis of the slots or openings of the working diffuser. 4. Ejector feeder-disintegrator according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the annular gap between the generators of the confusing horn and the working diffuser narrows in the direction of gas outflow. 5. Ejector feeder-disintegrator according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the longitudinal axis of the annular gap between the working diffuser and the confusing nozzle of the pressure pipeline is located at an angle of 6-15" relative to the axis of the device in the radial direction. 6. Ejector feeder-disintegrator according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the slots or holes in the working diffuser are narrowed in the direction of outflow of the gaseous agent. I'm KK de - - yu and BV 10 - ! A and pi and: ; Be that and N and Her | y y Y N i Her y i i i y I y y I / roi gly y y y her y / skh mch 3 Н і MU what ; l / i N i y Jin Ks kny dokt ho y zhi i Her y van hna Shi she GU sh dhogeo In okchkk, va We and bat urine in y km x Shik y - In fut ndkavnlnnkoyah pn a I shoi . na an p zeeeeeyuduyuyu you Shk yah x: o sho zhk I ley a kovkoy some more poems she A Basessy B still she tt tet h y I me M EE u: ryn v X | x 14 Kk In re o Fe. and: her x Y r. She nov nn and Yi N . KK de sk zeekfdkknnya, y y: Kk. i pe MoXh es Tom eh I x IN I Ky le | and with in Sho ni shk she ee Y pn gm: VV i KK dnk i t i x I x K: x x x I Z Ka x i y K- ; x, still Fig. 2