UA125521C2 - Method and device for uniformly feeding a continuous conveyor - Google Patents

Abstract

Method and device for uniformly feeding a continuous conveyor The above mentioned invention describes a method for feeding a continuous conveyor with granular material, wherein at least two loading devices are moved to each other such that by each loading device a continuous lane of the material is formed on a bearing area of the continuous conveyor. These lanes are parallel to each other and overlap such that a single material bed is formed on the bearing area which in a cross section being orthogonal to the bearing area has the form of a trapezoid. The parallel sides of the trapezoid are parallel to the bearing area.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a corresponding device for feeding granular material onto a continuous conveyor, in which at least two loading devices are moved towards each other in such a way that each loading device forms a continuous row of material on the support surface of the continuous conveyor, and in which these rows are parallel to each other and overlap in such a way as to form a continuous layer of material on the support surface, and this layer of material in a cross-section, which is perpendicular to the support surface, has the shape of a trapezoid, and in which the parallel sides of the trapezoid are parallel to the support surface.

Continuous conveyors or elevators are transport systems that create a continuous transport flow. They are particularly suitable for the transport of mass flows of large quantities of material or continuously required materials on predetermined routes. In addition, they are particularly suitable for transporting bulk material. They are characterized by continuous and/or constant motion, and thus they differ from conveyors with intermittent motion, which move the material to be transported in separate cycles.

Continuous conveyors are preferred in systems with limited decking or no decking.

Continuous conveyors with a limited floor are able to transport material horizontally, at an angle and vertically. They have the disadvantage that they take up a lot of space and that the transportation route must be determined in advance. In most areas of engineering, the applied systems without flooring are rail-based.

Continuous conveyors are automated devices and are designed for uninterrupted operation, and therefore they are often characterized by both simplicity of design and low energy consumption. In particular, they are used for the transportation of materials and goods in the chemical industry, mining industry, in open-pit mining, in the metallurgical and processing industry, in power plants, in the production flow, in warehouses and/or for transportation in other places, which is related with separate stages of production.

In the sense of the present invention, continuous conveyors are, in particular, mechanical conveyors and gravity conveyors. Mechanical conveyors are roller conveyors with a drive unit,

With vibrating conveyors, circular conveyors, carousel conveyors, belt conveyors, cellular wheel locks, bucket elevators, chain conveyors, screw conveyors and contactless conveyor systems, as well as trolley chains. Gravity conveyors include, but are not limited to, spiral chutes and any form of guiding device such as roller tracks, ball transfer tables, and non-driven running rails.

All these continuous conveyors are characterized by the implementation of continuous transportation, which also depends on the feed to them. A constant flow of transported material on a continuous conveyor over time can be achieved when the feed to the continuous conveyor is also completely continuous. Thus, the feed to the continuous conveyor has a direct effect on the extent to which downstream processes can be performed in a sustainable manner. Supply is also directly related to turnover and output and/or product quality. This is more true when the continuous conveyor is fed from different sources at the same time, that is, when it functions not only as a means of transport, but also as a means of assembly.

Until today, feeding to the conveyor was usually carried out on site and manually.

For example, green iron ore pellets formed by a plurality of granulating discs were transported by a single continuous conveyor belt, which thus functions as a means of collection and a means of further transporting the green pellets to the furnace for heat treatment. It was partially possible to adjust the granulating discs and/or discharge belts belonging to the granulating discs, which then transport the material onto the continuous conveyor, with respect to the exact position of their discharge onto the support surface of the belt conveyor either manually or by means of a drive unit, but the adjustment performed exclusively on site, by hand and/or by eye during visual inspection. This means that the operator either had to be on site or had to rely on the factory cameras and make decisions based on the (television) picture how the material was distributed and in addition had to adjust the appropriate discharge belts if at all possible .

Therefore, the task of the present invention is to create a method of feeding to a continuous conveyor, with the help of which a completely stable flow of material can be achieved.

This task is solved in a way that is characterized by features according to clause 1 of the claims. Such a method of feeding a continuous conveyor of mainly granular material includes at least two loading devices. These two load devices can move towards each other, and this, for example, can be implemented by a suitable drive unit, in particular, hydraulically, pneumatically or by the (electric) motor of at least one load device. But it is also possible to implement this mechanical movement to each other, for example, by fixing in place in different positions. Basically, the ability to move to each other can be implemented in a continuous or intermittent way, and the ability to move continuously to each other allows better adjustment of both cargo devices, since they can occupy any position.

Each loading device applies a continuous row of material to the supporting surface of a continuous conveyor, such as a conveyor belt. According to the present invention, both loading devices are moved to each other in such a way that the rows are parallel and overlap each other in such a way that a continuous layer of material on the support surface is achieved. In particular, in this connection, overlap means that due to the application of rows by a loading device, a plane due to the volumetric properties of the material is obtained with a bulk material with beveled sides in the sense of determining the slope and that the sides of the planes of two bulk materials with beveled edges from at least two loading devices overlap one by one in such a way that a continuous layer of material on the support surface is achieved, the formed continuous layer of material in a cross-section perpendicular to the support surface is trapezoidal, and the two sides of the trapezoid that are parallel to each other are also parallel to the support surface of the continuous conveyor , such as, for example, a belt conveyor.

Thus, according to the present invention, separate rows of at least two loading devices collectively form a trapezoidal profile, from which it is impossible to imagine that it consists of different separate rows.

In practice, this means that several cones or truncated cones of bulk material form a continuous truncated geometric figure of bulk material, so that the largest bearing surface is that on which the material accumulates on the continuous conveyor, and

The shorter side, which is parallel to it, forms the upper region of a truncated geometric figure of bulk material, and both side sections, which are located parallel to the edges of the continuous conveyor, represent a cone of bulk material, which is determined by the properties of the material used.

Preferably, the layer of material is formed parallel to at least one edge of the bearing surface with a deviation of no more than 10", preferably 5", especially preferably 2". This means that, for example, no waves or winding rows are formed on the transport section, because this can lead to Therefore, accordingly, the movement of one of the at least two loading devices must be carried out slowly in relation to the transport speed of the continuous conveyor.

In addition, preferably, when the granular material contains iron. In particular, in the case of iron and steel production, mass flows of large quantities of iron ore are processed in such a way that, for example, the transport of green slag from the granulating discs to the slag furnace, which is designed as a plant with a moving grate, this method gives large advantages, since only the uniform feeding into the carts with moving grates can guarantee that in most cases the material used in the plant will be fired uniformly and thus a uniform product quality can be achieved at the end of the process.

In addition, it has been shown that it is preferred when at least one measuring device determines that side of the material layer that is parallel to the support surface at a distance 0 equal to at least one centimeter. This measuring device or measuring devices determine the minimum and/or maximum on this side and irregularities can thus be determined. When the measuring device selects such an irregularity, then the loading devices can again be moved towards each other in such a way that again a layer of material is formed, which in the cross-section, which is perpendicular to the support surface of the continuous conveyor, has the shape of a trapezoid, and at the same time the sides of said trapezoid, which parallel to each other, also parallel to the supporting surface.

It has been determined that it is particularly beneficial to select a measuring device that is capable of measuring the overall profile of the trapezoid on the support surface so that the cross-sectional area of the profile can be calculated from it. So, with the help of this, by multiplying 60 by the speed of transportation of a continuous conveyor, the volume flow (volume flow rate) of the transported bulk material is calculated. When a change in the volume flow of bulk material is determined over a certain time by measurement and calculation, then, on the one hand, by means of regulation, the stage of the previous technological process can be changed, for example, by changing the mass flow of iron ore to the granulation discs, which is the opposite determined change, to return the volumetric flow of bulk material to the required value, or, on the other hand, a further stage of the technological process, such as, for example, the firing of okoten in the furnace, can be prepared for the changed volumetric flow of bulk material in the sense of the previous controlling, for example, a corresponding change in the transport speed of the grate moving in the furnace for firing okoten.

Fluctuations in the controlled feeding process over time can be very reliably minimized because there is no need to wait for an error signal. As a rule, this leads to a significant increase in efficiency, in particular the energy efficiency of the entire process.

In addition, it was shown that preferably the loading devices should be located on both sides of the continuous conveyor in its transport direction T one after the other. In this case, the movement of the loading device cannot affect the process, and the entire arrangement of the equipment of the previous technological stages is more acceptable.

In this connection, it is particularly advantageous, starting from the second load device, that each load device adds to the already existing row its corresponding row on the side of the support surface on which this load device is present. This means that the first loading device forms the first (also exactly "That") row on the support surface, which is mainly located in the middle. Next to it on the first side there is a second loading device, which on this first side adds a second (also exactly "2"7 ) a row that is parallel to the first row and overlaps it. Then, on the second side of the continuous conveyor, the third loading device adds a third (also "Zia") row, which again on this second side is added to the first row parallel to and overlapping it. On the first side, add the fourth, sixth and, finally, the second row to from the second to the last, 21-22 rows, and on the second side, from the fifth to the last 2p'-179 rows, add to from the third to the last 21-12 rows. When the general trapezoidal profile consists of an even number of rows, then on the second side, row 21-12 is the outermost row, which is added to row 21-32 in parallel and overlapping.

In particular, in the case of at least three loading devices, it was shown that it is convenient to place loading devices on both sides of the continuous conveyor in its working direction one after the other in their positions P in such a way that loading devices, starting from the first applied row, are added to the already existing row your rows in the position of rows from 2 to 2p on the side of the support surface on which they are located. When the flatness deviation of the general trapezoidal profile in the form of a minimum or a maximum is created by one loading device on one side with a complete failure of one loading device, then the loading device (devices) located further from this loading station on the corresponding side is moved so that it occupies the corresponding side of the provision P-11, i.e., in accordance with the provision that was the previous provision until now.

Similarly, loading devices are placed on both sides of the continuous conveyor in its working direction one after the other in such a position that loading devices, starting from the first laid out row, add their rows to the position from 2 to 2n or 2n1.

They add their rows on that side of the reference plane to the already existing row on which they are located. When the flatness deviation in the form of a maximum is detected during the determination, which is associated with the operation of one load device on one side, since it is turned on again and thus the two rows completely overlap, then the load devices on this side, which are located one behind the other in relation to this device for loading a are moved so that they occupy the position P1, that is, the position that was before that.

In addition, it is also possible that the material flows of one loading device increase or decrease. But even in this case, it is possible to achieve a uniform profile on a continuous conveyor from the point of view of the invention. The premise for this is that increased material flow results in a row of material having a greater width, and decreased material flow results in a row of material having a smaller width on a continuous conveyor. However, the heights of these rows of material remain the same, so that the height differences as described can only be caused by an overlap of rows of material that is too large or too small. Therefore, a minimum or maximum in the overall layer profile can also occur when the overlap between two adjacent rows is too small or too large. The next loading station and all additional subsequent loading stations on that side are only allowed to move slightly to change the overlap towards the ideal overlap, i.e. flat layer surface.

To ensure that the flow of material shows differences only in relation to the width of the applied row, it is more advantageous to design the loading devices themselves as continuous conveyors that provide a partial change of feed. This can be achieved by adjusting the speed of these continuous conveyors. Preferably, the speed of operation of each such continuous conveyor is proportional to the mass flow of the material transported on it.

Given the above-described ability to move the load devices, minimize the way in which the load devices must be moved during control/adjustment work. This simplifies the construction of the installation and allows you to save space. In addition, they provide a relatively simple way in which individual load devices can be removed from or added to the system without the need for complex logic to determine where and which load device to apply or add to create a row.

In addition, it has been shown that it is preferred that each time the layer of material is formed parallel to at least one edge of the support surface with a deviation of no more than 10", preferably 5", especially preferably 27. This means that the movement of the loading device according to the movement of the continuous conveyor, for example, a conveyor belt, should be relatively slow. Preferably, the movement of the loading device is carried out at a speed that is lower by 18 95, preferably lower by 9 95, especially preferably lower by 3.5 95 of the speed of the belt conveyor. Thus, it is possible to prevent larger violations at the following stages of the technological process, due to the accumulation or shortage of material.

The ratio of the speed of movement of the loading device to the speed of the belt conveyor can be calculated depending on the desired angle. At significant angles (correspondingly high speed of movement of the loading device in relation to the speed of the belt conveyor), when the material is transferred to a continuous conveyor, a violation occurs in each case. Accordingly, for example, when an angle of 10" is moved, the speed of movement of the loading device is 18 95 of the speed of the belt conveyor, and when an adjustment of 2" is made, the speed of movement is 3.595 of the speed

From the belt conveyor.

But very fast movement may also be appropriate when it is desirable to guarantee compact material with a uniform flow as quickly as possible.

Therefore, it is especially advantageous to quickly solve the problem when, in the case of a complete absence of one row of material or in the case of a complete overlapping of two rows of material, the corresponding cargo devices are moved at a speed equal to 17.595 of the speed of a continuous conveyor. But when only a small disturbance is detected when applying two adjacent rows, then the corresponding load devices must be moved only at a speed of 1.75 95 of the belt speed for fine tuning and to prevent over-adjustment of the adjusting device.

When the material is transferred from the first continuous conveyor to the second continuous conveyor, it is important that the unloading device adds parallel rows to the second continuous conveyor that are perfectly aligned with each other in such a way that a continuous layer of material is achieved. Thus, according to the present invention, the individual rows that are applied or added to the second continuous conveyor by the discharge device of the first continuous conveyor must form a complete layer of material that is created in such a way that it is impossible to see that it consists of different individual rows.

Until now, there was no control or regulation mechanism, so the material was fed unevenly to the second continuous conveyor. Using the example of transporting iron ore green pellets to the blast furnace, it should be explained again what this means: the green pellets are prepared on so-called granulating discs and from these discs either by continuous conveyors, or they are directly fed to the first continuous conveyor to accumulate the material. This first continuous conveyor feeds the material to a discharge device that moves across the width of the material bed on the second continuous conveyor. This second continuous conveyor then delivers the material directly or through a screening stage, such as a roller screen, to grate carts where the material is transferred to a chain of moving grates in the heat treatment stage. But when the grate carts are not loaded evenly, it either results in material losses due to loading that is too large, or the plant does not reach its theoretical maximum throughput of 60 because the loading of each grate cart is too small. When an individual grate cart has a normal loading and the others have a lower loading, the distribution of the gas during heat treatment becomes uneven because the gas preferentially chooses the path associated with the lower flow resistance, which means that the gas mainly flows through the bed in the grate cart with a low load. On the one hand, this threatens the homogeneity of product quality, because the chickens in the carts with a grate grid, due to different loadings of the carts, are in different technological conditions, and on the other hand, in the carts with a grate grate or some of the material is not processed due to overloading or power installation is only partially used due to too little loading. When the kiln is then operated in such a way that also the green husks in the rack carts with normal loading still achieve the required product quality, the kiln energy requirement per unit mass of processed husks increases because they are in the grate carts with a small loads are burned out.

A system for feeding material from one continuous conveyor to another continuous conveyor may also be necessary in other areas of application, in particular when the first continuous conveyor is used to collect material originating from different sources and when the second continuous conveyor is located in a transverse direction relative to the first continuous conveyor. When a rotary conveyor is used as the unloading device, it is also possible that both continuous conveyors can have the same direction of transport.

In connection with the described problems of uneven supply of material to the next stages of the technological process by the second continuous conveyor, the purpose of the invention is to create a method and a corresponding device in which the material is transferred from the first continuous conveyor to the second continuous conveyor so that a stable flow is achieved on the second continuous conveyor material In particular, according to the invention, the creation of hills and depressions in the direction of T2 transportation of the second continuous conveyor is avoided.

In this method, the first continuous conveyor, which is preferably, but not necessarily, loaded according to one of the claims 1-9 of the claims of the invention, transports a layer M1 of material having an average width Vi. Width, in the sense of this invention, means the measure of a layer of material.

From perpendicular to the direction Ti of transportation of the first continuous conveyor. This continuous conveyor transports the material in the direction of the unloading device. This unloading device can move in two directions of movement, and the first direction of movement is opposite to the second direction of movement. In the first direction of movement, the unloading device has a first speed of ml, in the second direction of movement, the unloading device has a speed of mig. The first direction of movement of the unloading device of the first continuous conveyor corresponds to the direction Ti of transportation of the first continuous conveyor. According to the prior art, the following applies here: mdi-m1.

In practice, we have that the unloading device does not unload the material onto the second continuous conveyor when it moves in the first direction of travel.

As for the unloading device, the second continuous conveyor is positioned so that the unloading device with both directions of movement moves back and forth along the desired width B" of the Mo material layer on the second continuous conveyor. The width, in the sense of this invention, corresponds to the size of the layer, in the direction perpendicular to the direction T2 of transportation of the second continuous conveyor. During movement, the discharge device continuously feeds material onto the second continuous conveyor in at least one, usually second, direction of travel. Here, in particular, it should be emphasized that the exact hitting of the material flow can be achieved in the best way when the material flow of the first continuous conveyor to the discharge device is already stable and when the layer on the first continuous conveyor in the perpendicular direction with respect to the direction T: transport has a perfect trapezoidal profile. This is preferably achieved by a method and a suitable device, which are comprehensively described in the document OE 10 2016 119 044 and disclosed in the content of this application.

The main idea of the invention is that the second continuous conveyor is moved at a speed U2, which is in a range that depends on the travel distance of the unloading device along the width B2 of the material layer on the first continuous conveyor, on the width B1 of the material layer on the first continuous conveyor, and on both speeds of movement of the unloading device mdi and ma". According to the invention, the following equation is valid:

Vi.-0.85 Vi-1.15 in in Mav in 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1

I-I ah |-- - - -»-yah I--ah|- -yuah o MA) 0 Ag) 0 MAT) 0 U Ag)

This formula represents the most general case, namely, when the velocities mdi and md2 differ from each other and when both are variable in width B". In practice, this is actually the case, since it is impossible to accelerate the unloading device at the turning points to the desired speeds ma and mag within an arbitrarily short time. Within the range indicated in the formula, it can be ascertained that the unloading device, during loading in one direction of travel, applies a row of material to a second continuous conveyor, to which the next row of material is then added almost smoothly, and therefore a continuous layer of Me material is reached on the second continuous conveyors In this way, a continuous, ideal, stable flow of material on the second continuous conveyor can be achieved, so that in the subsequent stages of the technological process, the loading is uniform, which leads to an increase in throughput and/or consistency of product quality.

What is the best speed range?-------? 1 2 1 ? 1 2 1

I-I ah |-- - - -»-yah I--ah|- -yuah o MA) 0 Ag) 0 MAT) 0 U Ag)

And V. .0.98 , V.i-1.02 and ideopazen- -- -ay " "55 --- ? 1? 1? 1? 1

I- ah |-- E E- -ah Y--ah-|- - ah 0 MAT) 0 MA2OH) 0 MAS) 0 MA2O) . In... .

A circle is fully divided if the following equation holds

Y 1 ha Y ah 0 MA) 0 MAX) and when at width B; ии B2 are defined as the width of the trapezoidal profiles at half the height (therefore, this is the average width).

In a special case of the invention, the first and second speeds ml: and ma" of the movement of the unloading device (with the exception of the algebraic sign) are the same, and they are almost constant over time

From the movement, so that uniform movement of the unloading device is ensured in both directions. This makes it possible to implement a particularly simple design of the drive unit for the unloading device.

According to the known state of the art, both speeds mdi and md2 of the movement of the unloading device are equal to the speed mi of transportation of the first continuous conveyor, so that the unloading device in the first direction of movement does not unload the material on the second continuous conveyor, and in the second direction of movement of the unloading device only one row of material is applied to the second continuous conveyor. In this case and when the processes of deceleration and acceleration in the zone of turning points are not taken into account, the following simplified formula for calculating the speed mg of transportation of the second continuous conveyor according to the present invention is as follows

UVI two MV 415 2 V, 2 V"

Another version of the invention is also possible, in which the unloading device applies two rows of material to the second continuous conveyor one on top of the other, and, as described above, only in the second direction of movement the material of the unloading device is applied to the second continuous conveyor. This means that the rows overlap by 50 95, and this means that the first row overlaps the second continuous conveyor and half the width of the first row and half the width of the second row, while the other half of the width of the second row forms a new row, which then in its half of the third line overlaps the queue, while the other half of the third line forms a new line. Thus, higher material loads can be achieved on the second continuous conveyor. Then the following equation is valid for the transport speed range y2 of the second continuous conveyor

UVI ovo MV 5 4 Vo 4 Vo

When the conveying speed ug of the second continuous conveyor is adjusted according to one of the above formulas, it is a theoretical calculation to perform the control.

In addition, it is preferable that the layer of material on the first continuous conveyor in the cross-section, which is perpendicular to the support surface of the continuous conveyor, has a trapezoidal shape, since in this way a constant supply to the second continuous conveyor can be guaranteed. Additionally or alternatively, the average width B: is the average width of this trapezoid, which is determined in a perpendicular direction relative to the direction T: of transport of the first continuous conveyor.

In addition, it is very advantageous when the granular material contains iron. In particular, in the case of iron and steel production, a large amount of material is processed, and the example of transporting green pellets from pelletizing discs, which are used in their firing in plants with moving grates, shows that this method has great advantages, since only a constant feeding into trolleys with moving grates can guarantee that, in modern plant conditions, the material will be fired evenly and that thus a product of the same quality can be obtained at the end of the process.

In addition, it has been shown to be advantageous when the first measuring device checks the layer of material on the first continuous conveyor for the presence of a minimum or maximum in the longitudinal and transverse directions relative to the direction Ti of transport of the first

From a continuous conveyor. In this way, it is possible to detect when the first continuous conveyor will perform an uneven feed, and measures can be taken to guarantee a steady flow of material.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention is that the second measuring device checks the material that is fed to the second continuous conveyor for the presence of a minimum and/or a maximum. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether uneven loading is occurring. When the layer of material on the first continuous conveyor is also checked for a minimum or maximum, the results of the second measuring device can be correlated with the results of the first measuring device, and thus the effect of unevenness of the feed from the first continuous conveyor can be eliminated.

But, when over time only the second measuring device detects that a minimum has taken place, and, moreover, at least three times one after the other periodically with the time of moving back and forth in the unloading direction, then this means that the speed of the second continuous conveyor must be adjusted. When periodic minima are detected, in other words, something similar to a horizontal profile, then the speed of the drive unit of the second continuous conveyor (that is, its transport speed ug) must be reduced. This is preferably done by gradually reducing the transport speed of the second continuous conveyor. The reason for this is that the minimum is caused by a gap between the two rows applied by the unloading device or insufficient overlap between the two rows.

However, when maxima are formed periodically in time when moving back and forth in the discharge direction, that is, an almost horizontal profile is formed, then the speed of the drive unit of the second continuous conveyor and/or its transport speed must be increased, because the cause of these maxima is the double layer in in the edge zone of two rows, which are applied by the unloading device to the second continuous conveyor. Preferably, this increase is achieved by very slowly increasing the speed of the second continuous conveyor until the peaks are no longer detected.

In this case, the decrease or increase in speed mg of the second continuous conveyor is preferably only 1 95 in 15 s. The reason for this very slow change in speed is the delay time that elapses until the change in distance between the two rows fed by the discharge device is indicated by the measuring device. It follows that

that the measuring device should be located as close as possible to the first continuous conveyor so that the delay time is shorter.

In a specific example, for Vi-2 m, V2-4 m, Mi-0.8 m/s and the distance y " between the edge of the layer of material Mi on the first continuous conveyor, which is more distant from the measuring device, which is equal to 3 m, the range transport speed mg of the second continuous conveyor is calculated according to the following formula:

UVI two MV 415 2 V, 2 V"

From the result of 0.85 and 0.2 m/s, as the minimum value, and the result of 1.15 and 0.2 m/s, as the maximum value, of this range follows the average value of 0.2 m/s. Thus, to move a distance of 3 m, a layer of material M" on the second continuous conveyor requires an average of 3 m / (0.2 m/s) - 15 s. When the transport speed of the second continuous conveyor varies by more than 1 95 during this 15 s, then there is a risk that the adjustment device will exceed the desired adjustment, which should be avoided.

As a rule, the speed mg of transport should preferably increase in steps of 0.1 m/s, especially preferably 0.05 m/s, especially preferably 0.01 m/s. In the case of large steps, there is a risk of overregulation.

For most stages of the process, a uniform feed is perfect, because in this way a stable flow of material can be regulated and therefore also stable conditions in the following stages of the technological process. There are also methods and devices in which it is expedient to form profiles when feeding to the next stages of the technological process, when the mass flow during feeding remains unchanged over time. An example of this is the feed in the firing of so-called "green" iron ore tailings, the feed of binder, water and possibly solid fuel in kilns operating as moving grate units. To this day, green chickens are served in carts with grates, where the loading is typically carried out in such a way that a horizontal line is formed between the upper edges of the side walls of the carts, and a layer in the direction of movement of the carts is formed in a horizontal plane. It is related to that

With the advantage that hoods for directing the gas over the layer of ocotenes used in the installation with grates can be made relatively simple with horizontal lower edges and that there is only a small gap between the surface of the layer of ocotenes on the moving carts and the stationary lower edge of the hood. Thus, it is possible to achieve small leaks between the internal space of the hood and the environment of the installation. The carts themselves move in a circle within a closed chain and thus they are also a continuous conveyor.

However, usually in such installations, only the extent to which the average height of the layer in the feed zone of the grate corresponds to the process conditions is determined, but not what the shape of the layer itself is. As a rule, then the average height of the layer is regulated by changing the speed Ma. transporting the grill grate in such a way that it corresponds to the height of the side walls of carts with grill grates. Additional waves and asymmetric surface shapes of the okoten layer on the moving grate are not automatically corrected, although they can greatly affect the okoten firing process.

But even when the perfect horizontal surface of the ocotene layer is achieved, this profile has two disadvantages. On the one hand, the degree of filling of the horizontal profile is less than the degree of filling of the profile with a convex shape in relation to the support surface of the grate trolley, because in the case of the convex profile, which has the volume of the vaulted part above the horizontal profile, an additional volume is created filling.

On the other hand, the gas flow inside the grate cart is not uniform, especially in the firing zone. The reason for this is that the temperature profile of the hot gases across the width of the hood (therefore, in the X direction) is not uniform. Hot gas, present in the combustion zone in the hood, at low pressure in the air chamber under the cart is sucked through the layer of okoten. In most furnaces built with moving grates, the hot gas in the center of the hood is at a higher temperature than the gas at the edges of the hood. This results in different conditions for the flow in the tray bed of the cart, where in the center of the grate cart more heat is transferred from the hot gas to the trays such that the trays in the center reach the desired quality in a shorter time than the trays at the edges cart When the furnace is operated so that the pellets located at the edges of the cart reach the desired quality, the pellets in the center are overfired, which is not desirable and leads to an unreasonably high energy demand for the furnace. It becomes clear that the same feed of the furnace with a horizontal profile of the layer, which is to the support surface K of the carriage with a grate grid (formed by transverse beams and grates located on them), or another continuous conveyor, for example, a belt dryer with heat treatment on a perforated conveyor belt , can lead to obtaining a product of unequal quality and to the associated undesirably high energy demand. When a convex profile is formed, which has a maximum height in the center of the cart with a grate (the center in the sense of the invention is, first of all, the center of mass of the rectangle or trapezoid formed by the support surface K and the side boundaries 5), then thanks to the layer of greater height about the flow capacity of hot gas per unit area through it in the firing zone becomes smaller.

Therefore, in this way, it is possible to guarantee the same process conditions inside the cart with the grate grate and along its width by purposefully changing the height of the layer.

With other features of the installation, it may be appropriate to regulate the obtaining of asymmetric profiles (that is, profiles with a maximum that is not located in the center between the side walls of the cart). So, for example, problems arising from special flow characteristics can be balanced as a result of asymmetric geometry of gas chambers under carts with grate grates.

Therefore, the task of the invention is also to create a method and a corresponding device, with the help of which it is possible to purposefully create profiles of the height of the layer of material along the width of the layer on a continuous conveyor. Here, the material layer width of the continuous conveyor is the size of the layer in the perpendicular direction relative to the conveying direction of the continuous conveyor.

This task is solved in a way that is characterized by the features given in item 1 of the claims.

With this method, the material of the first continuous conveyor with a layer of material having an average width of B;: is transported to or on the unloading device. Preferably, the layer of material on the first continuous conveyor in the cross-section, which is perpendicular to the direction of transportation, has the shape of a trapezoid, and both parallel sides of the trapezoid are parallel to the support surface of the first continuous conveyor. Therefore, in particular, the average width B; is the average width of the formed/completed trapezoid.

The unloading device is moved in the first direction and moves with the first

With the speed of movement mli and in the second direction Id2 of movement with the speed of movement md2, and the orientations of both directions of movement are mostly opposite to each other, and the first direction

Yi li: the movement corresponds to the Ti transport direction of the first continuous conveyor.

Opposite to each other, in the sense of the invention, in particular, means that the unloading device moves along the width B" of the material layer of the second continuous conveyor, and here the movement may not necessarily be in a straight line. The width of the layer of material on the second continuous conveyor should be understood, in the sense of the invention, in the perpendicular direction with respect to its direction of transport and thus means in practice usually the width of the supporting surface of the second continuous conveyor minus the safety distance on both sides.

The unloading device continuously applies in at least one direction of movement, preferably in the direction Id2 of movement, the material on the second continuous conveyor. The object and main idea of the invention is that during the process of feeding the material to the second continuous conveyor by the unloading device, the speed mg of transportation of the unloading device changes and, thus, is not constant. This means that the speed mg of transport of the unloading device has at least three minima tata/or one maximum in the width B». This follows from the fact that during normal operation at the beginning and at the end of the travel distance, i.e. at positions x-0 and x-B2, the minimum is reached each time, as the unloading device slows down as it approaches the turning points, and in positions x-0 and x-B2 for the speed of movement, it is true that m2-0. In addition to this, according to the present invention, at least one additional minimum and/or at least one additional maximum is included.

Therefore, essentially, the mag speed of movement of the unloading device is a function of location:

Md2 -Cx)-Mdo(x). and the time of movement of the unloading device in the direction Id2 of movement is determined as follows:

in. 1 B» to B- Y -- ah---- about UA) MA?

Then, for the average speed mag " of the movement of the unloading device during its movement for a distance of -72 in the direction of movement, the following equation is valid: in ? dat

AND?

This means that when the local speed M d2(x) of the movement of the unloading device is lower than the average speed MAg of the movement of the unloading device during its run in the direction I gg of movement with a constant flow of material on the first continuous conveyor, more material is locally fed to the second continuous conveyor. | on the contrary, the local speed МА2г0) of the movement of the unloading device is higher than the average speed МА2 of the movement of the unloading device, then with a steady flow of material on the first continuous conveyor, less material is fed to the second continuous conveyor. The reason for this is that the amount of locally fed material directly and reproducibly depends on the local speed of movement of the unloading device in the direction I gg of movement, as long as the flow of material on the first continuous conveyor is constant, that is, constant over time. Therefore, using the proposed invention, maxima and minima and profiles along the width B" of the material layer (x direction) on the second continuous conveyor can be purposefully created, while the height of the material layer on the second (continuous conveyor in the Y direction is completely constant at each coordinate x" ( ВХ 2), even if it is not complete in terms of the height of the material layer on the second continuous conveyor at another coordinate их (5Х бах ях у,

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the variable speed MA2g() of movement is characterized by a minimum inside the width B» of the material layer of the second continuous conveyor. Thus, in the middle of the layer of material on the second continuous conveyor, a maximum can be reached, so that, for example, in the case of feeding into a cart with grate grates, the dominant effect of the convex formed profile is possible. But in general, this advantage can be used in every application, when the properties of the following

Technological stages play a role. The height of the maximum each time is determined by the slope angle

In the appropriate granulated material, because the bevel angle cannot be exceeded. Thus, the maximum height that is possible in the middle of the width B" of the layer of material on the second continuous conveyor will be determined as follows: in birds ----- apr 2 and the profile of the layer of the created material on the second continuous conveyor will be in the form of an isosceles triangle, in which will be the length of its base Vr" and its height Ptah,

In addition, it was shown that, preferably, starting from the axis of movement in the working direction of the second continuous conveyor along the middle of the width 72 of the second continuous conveyor, the speed MA2g() of the movement changes symmetrically. Thus, symmetrical profiles are achieved, which usually meet the requirements of the technological process of the installation and provide the same conditions at the following stages of the process.

Preferably, the unloading device unloads the material only in one direction dg, Moving Then in every other direction A! displacement average movement speed

MAT is exactly speed U! transportation of the first continuous conveyor. This corresponds to the generally accepted mode of operation at the moment.

In addition, a particularly preferred mode of operation is when the profile of the material layer on the second continuous conveyor can be calculated as follows:

Therefore, if we have a parabolic cross-section of the material layer, which is perpendicular to the direction 2 of transport on the second continuous conveyor, then the already discussed convex profile can be achieved. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the tangent of the slope angle is chosen for b. Therefore, the created convex profile is characterized by a bevel angle at its edges and is flatter in the middle, since the first derivative of the above-mentioned equation with respect to x leads to the slope ah, i.e., the tangent of the corresponding angle. Therefore, the first derivative is the following n(x)-2:a:x-y 79 n(0)-6 and in position X -0. thus, the following is true. (0)-

But, in general, it is also possible to create other shapes of profiles, in particular arc-shaped, triangular, trapezoidal and concave profiles.

Preferably, the layer of material, as described above, on the first continuous conveyor has the shape of a trapezoid. Trapezoid here means that a cross-section of the material perpendicular to the support surface of the continuous conveyor is formed in the form of a trapezoid, and both parallel sides of the trapezoid are also parallel to the continuous conveyor and/or its support surface. Therefore, in particular, the average width"! is the average width of the formed trapezoid. This design ensures that the row of material applied by the discharge device to the second continuous conveyor will also have a trapezoidal cross-section. Thus, the upper edge of this trapezoidal profile is parallel to the reference surface of the second continuous conveyor. This is the best prerequisite for a constant height . 119,044 and which correspond to the comprehensive description and contents of the disclosure of this application.

In addition, it has been shown to be advantageous that the first measuring device checks the layer of material on the first continuous conveyor for the presence of a minimum or maximum in the transverse direction (in the y direction) and/or the second device checks the material applied to the second continuous conveyor for the presence of periodic minimums or maximums

Over time, thus, in the case of a stationary flow, the measuring device also checks the layer of material on the second continuous conveyor that passes under it for periodic minima and maxima in the y direction.

It is necessary to check the first continuous conveyor with a measuring device because it is necessary to ensure that the material flow on the first continuous conveyor is stable and that the finished layer of material on the first continuous conveyor always has the same trapezoidal profile, which has an average width of 71, which is constant during time and constant with respect to position. If it is not so, then

Even an optimally adjustable adjustment device cannot create the desired profile

X) on the second continuous conveyor by changing the speed MA2OO of the unloading device, which depends on the position.

Periodic changes in the height of the layer n on the second continuous conveyor over time, in particular during periodic movement to and from the unloading device, are detected by the second measuring device. They indicate that the speed of "Ag transportation of the second continuous conveyor is not precisely adjusted to the average speed of "Ag transportation of the unloading device. Most likely, the finding of periodic minima occurring at certain periods of the travel time to and from the discharge device indicates that the second continuous conveyor was moving in such a way that the discharge device was not able to apply rows evenly and/or with sufficient overlap to it.

But when, over time, the maxima that occur during the periods of movement to and from the unloading device are periodically detected, it means that the second continuous conveyor in relation to the average speed Ag of the movement of the unloading device moves more slowly, since here the overlap of the rows of the material layer of the unloading device is too big Thus, these periodic irregularities of the material layer on the second continuous conveyor, which are detected by the second measuring device, can be corrected by a suitable adjustment mechanism. This is preferably achieved by the method and the corresponding device, which are described in OE 10 2016 119 086 and which are comprehensively described and correspond to the content of the disclosure of this application.

Furthermore, it has been shown to be particularly advantageous when the third measuring device measures the actual material flow profile of width 4 applied to the fourth continuous conveyor with transport direction T a and transport speed 4 , and when the control device correlates the actual measured state with the desired state that represents the finished profile of the layer of material on the fourth continuous conveyor. Thus, the desired profile condition on the fourth continuous conveyor can be precisely achieved by adjustment. Here, the desired profile on the fourth continuous conveyor, similar to the desired profile on the second continuous conveyor, can be linear, convex, triangular, arcuate, parabolic, trapezoidal or also concave, symmetrical about the axis line of the fourth continuous conveyor or also asymmetric to it . When the fourth continuous conveyor contains restrictions on the sides 5, folds, raised edges of the conveyor belt or side walls, then the desired profile height at the edges of the width 74 can also be » 0. This is perfectly reasonable for the gas flow through the layer of material on the fourth continuous conveyor in terms of heat treatment, because otherwise the flow resistance in the edge zone will be very low. This leads to the fact that the gas that should pass through the layer, mainly flows along the edges of the layer of material, where it does not encounter much solid matter. The result will be a low thermal efficiency of heat treatment.

Therefore, the desired profile on the fourth continuous conveyor differs from the desired profile on the second continuous conveyor, where the height of the layer material at the edges of the width 72 is always 0.

The third measuring device should, in particular, be used when between the second and fourth continuous conveyors there is a third continuous conveyor with the direction Tz of transportation, the speed of UZ transportation and the width Vz of the material layer. In practice, for example, a so-called roller screen with drive rollers is often used as the third continuous conveyor, and the direction Tz of transportation is the same as the directions Te | And transportation, width Ve. With ; Va of the material layers, which usually differ by no more than 20 95, preferably less than 10 95, but the speeds Ma, Uzi Ma

Everyone differs from each other in terms of transportation. The roller screen, in addition to its transport function, also has the function of screening granular materials that are too small and/or too large. In addition, there is a tendency to average the profile 255) of the cross section on the second continuous conveyor, in particular, to reduce the convex excess in the middle of the profile. Thus, from a control point of view, this roller screen encourages the creation of defects. To a certain extent, a particularly acceptable variant of the invention is the variant when the profile 205) on the second continuous conveyor is changed until the desired profile of Paaeziea (x) is obtained on the fourth continuous conveyor. To do this, a measuring device is installed above the second continuous conveyor, which is useful, but not mandatory.

For example, the mentioned measuring devices provide continuous or discrete measurement, and both continuous and discrete measurement mean measurement in time and thus measurement of local points in the direction of movement of the first, second or third, or fourth continuous conveyor, as well as measurement relative to the widths Ве, В ",

With or without layers of material. Of course, the measuring device uses several sensors that discretely or continuously determine all widths of the respective continuous conveyors. These measurements, in addition, can be carried out continuously or within certain intervals, and during the movement of the unloading device in each of the two directions of movement, at least two, preferably at least four measurements are carried out. The result of frequent measurements has the advantage that small deviations from the desired profile can be detected and that with the help of the second measuring device it is easier to see the periodically recurring deviations from the form, which are the result of incorrect adjustments between the average speed mag" of the movement of the unloading unit and the speed U2g of the second continuous conveyor , and other deviations.

With the help of measuring devices, it is possible to detect discrete or continuous differences between the actual state and the desired state of the Naoevitea(s) and Pascha(s) heights along the latitudes of 72,

Vz or Ba applied layers on the second or further continuous conveyor. Starting from this, according to the present invention, the speed of movement of the unloading device in the direction (ah) of movement of the deposited material is regulated as a function of the x coordinate. For this purpose, the previous vector speed Moda syu) when applying the material in one or both directions I di | and the displacement is changed in such a way that the new vector velocity is desired

Mkhnya - furnace pogtes (5) during the constant time "application of the maurial is calculated by the following - 2 1 equation Y ( uh -- | - "Y. - A 5 -- - -kh.'| (x) - Naevitea 09) In h asitsai devigey o pe

Mpemlotea 00 -|Meaa(O-----53-sh--3333 1): /--5---:- p Vu t devigey 2 where a is a dimensionless attenuation coefficient, which is x 1, preferably x 0.5 , especially preferably x 0.2. With the appropriate selection of the damping factor c, the adjustment device can be avoided. - shew,,

M dole (X) ;

The value calculated according to the formula l is the new speed of movement of the unloading device, preferably the unloading drum, which is discretized as a vector and is determined as follows:

Mpem(x)-Maa(Ou 5-5 o

IN.

Podevigea Ya

The details and considerations for the adjustment mechanism are explained again more specifically for a system in which a third measuring device transmits the actual height profile

MPa asish(x) on the fourth continuous conveyor, the desired profile Padeviedch(x) is stored in the connected adjustment device and in which the discharge device applies the material only in the second direction -A2 of the movement during the time "Ah, However, these considerations can directly apply to any - some other system.

When the adjusting device, which is connected to the third measuring device, detects a difference between the actual and the desired state of the cross-sectional profile of the layer on the fourth continuous conveyor during one unloading cycle, (Hobto IV within one full movement of the unloading device in both directions 721 ii -42), then the new displacement velocity, which is defined as a vector and which is discretized as

M dopemi (X) : : ; unloading drum, can be calculated according to the following equation

Zo - -tl 5. -- 2-2 Plasscha (X)- Pa Deviged (X)

M d2pemu (x)- Mdoaa(x): 78 bo 4

Pa deviated (te) where Pa deviated(X) and Pl assha(x) are the heights of the desired and actual layer profiles on the fourth continuous conveyor, which are discretized in vector form. Here it is only necessary that - M x - - - the discretization of Lope ) is carried out with the same number of steps as the discretization of the layer of profiles PNa,desitea(X) and Pa yasa x) in the fourth continuous conveyor, even in the case when the widths of the material layers 72 and 74 are different.

Thus, for example, the velocity Y to) the displacement of the unloading device and the layer profiles on the fourth continuous conveyor can be discretized in 41 equidistant steps, so that they can be expressed as vectors consisting of 41 rows each. Then 21, thus the line in the middle of the equation, which is written in vector form, is as follows:

In, In, in in Strand 2 - Pa deviged 2 2|. 2

M Agpem | 78 | MAY 8 ba 2 2 V,

Pa devigey ag 2

When in this example the actual profile height on the fourth continuous conveyor along the center line of this conveyor is 45 cm and thus 5 cm above the desired profile height at this position (40 cm in this example), then the value of the fraction in this equation is " - 0.125. When the value of a is chosen to be 0.1, the value in the square brackets of the equation is equal to 1.0125. Thus, the new speed of movement of the unloading device along the axial line of the second continuous conveyor is increased by 1.25 95 in relation to the old speed of movement in the same position. Similarly, all other 40 lines of the equation written in vector form are calculated.

During several cycles of moving the unloading device with, using . with. . . : M do(x dimensionless damping coefficient and the speed profile of moving doih) can be vectorally regulated by such a method that on the fourth continuous conveyor there may be i i - x o. - - I r achieved the actual profile 4, asimgi ( in which corresponds to the desired profile 4 devites (X). . Pa dvvigea (X . . .

Therefore, such adjustment of the profile 4 evites (X) can be influenced only by the change in the profile of the speed U breath) of the unloading drum above the second continuous conveyor. This is crucial, because the solution, which is related to the mechanical correction of the profile by shearing, cannot be used. in many cases, for example in the case of iron ore pelletizing plants, because mechanical scrapers can lead to spoilage of bulk material. For example, in the case of green iron ore deposits, any mechanical load easily leads to their plastic deformation. Therefore, it would be better if the green pellets under the action of the scraper are leveled at the points of contact with the scraper or with the neighboring pellets, which leads to a decrease in the porosity of the granule layer and, thus, to a decrease in permeability. Ultimately, this will increase the energy required to burn the okoten, which is not desirable.

Preferably, when the unloading device unloads the material only during и . . : M do(X movement in the direction Id". This can be achieved by changing only the speed doh) of movement in this direction Idg, which depends on the x coordinate of the unloading device. In principle, the average speed of movement "Ag can be chosen freely, but

Therefore, it is limited by the limits of the conveyor's technical capabilities. In particular, the use of very powerful drive units to accelerate a mass with a weight that is so high cannot be ignored, should be avoided, structural and financial possibilities. In the other direction of movement 777, in which the discharge device does not apply any material to the second continuous conveyor, it is advantageous when the discharge device is moved at the "U" speed of the first continuous conveyor such that there is no relative movement between the discharge device and the support surface of the first continuous conveyor. Therefore in this case, the material remains directly at the discharge edge of the discharge device, and already when the discharge device slows down, the material is dosed again on the second continuous conveyor, even before the material application begins in the direction of travel 772. At the same time, it has been shown that it is preferable when the acceleration processes and the deceleration of the unloading device at the turning points of the movement direction are as short as possible, preferably "3 s and especially preferably "1 s.

In a particular situation, when the first continuous conveyor is moving at a speed of 0.5 m/s, the speed of movement of the unloading device in the direction of travel (forward movement), in which the unloading device does not apply material, is also 0.5 m/s . Provided that the width 72 of the second continuous conveyor is 4 m, the duration TA of this movement, when the processes of acceleration and deceleration are ignored, is 8s. For the average speed MA2 in the sense of the average speed of the unloading device in the direction of movement Idg (backward movement) of 0.25 m/s can be chosen so that the duration TAg of the reverse movement in the case of the width B2-4 m of the second continuous conveyor is 16 s. Thus, in this example, the complete cycle of unloading by the unloading device takes 8 s and 16 s - 24 b.

Now, the velocity profile U to) of the discharge device is purposefully chosen to obtain the desired profile of the material layer. In a separate limiting case, when the speed of the unloading device is 0, on the second continuous conveyor only a thin layer, but a high row of material, for example, green ocotenes, whose profile is usually determined by the angle of the natural slope of the material, must be created. It is clear that in the case of slower movement of the unloading device, we will get a higher layer height than in the case of faster movement. Thus, a convex profile layer will be provided when the unloading device during application of the material moves more slowly in the middle of the second continuous conveyor than at its edge zones.

The first approximation of the flow rate of the unloading device for the formation of:. ; x - the convex desired profiles 2,devitea (X) on the second continuous conveyor can be calculated in a closed form that is suitable for a parabolic layer profile or by arbitrary discretization of the layer profile. The first approximation allows control of the speed of movement

In doh) of the unloading device, which can be changed depending on the corresponding place during the movement in the direction I dg, during which the material is applied, and here it is not necessary to measure the actual state of the layer profile. Discretization can, for example, be implemented at reference points of a pre-calculated velocity profile at continuous distances, for example, approximately each distance-5-ab-1vm so that the pre-calculated n : : M d2,rge-saiscaies (X and is the velocity profile is available as a vector ; which in the case of a given width

A height of 4 m with a distance of 5 cm contains 81 values or in the case of a distance of 10 cm contains 41 values.

The first and last values of the vector are always the desired height of the layer at the edges of the second continuous conveyor. Assuming that the second continuous conveyor is a belt conveyor having a horizontal support surface, the desired layer height at the edges is always 0. When the belt conveyor contains bends in the edge region, the desired layer height in the edge region can be » 0.

But, due to the interconnection of continuous conveyors, additional ones may become important

From variable perturbations, for example, in the homogenization of convex profiles, by introducing a roller screen (for sifting out granules that are too large and/or too small) as a third continuous conveyor, a fully automated adjustment of the profile is desired: x - - - - layer 4 deviges ( X) which almost completely compensates for each deviation between the actual profile p x) . . p: x. aashisha (X) | desired profile of 4 nines (5). on the fourth continuous conveyor, and also fully compensates for optional alternating disturbances. So, in the regulating device, the PA deviges CO) of TA22 create the desired profile of the layer in the first described way; duration ? movement of the unloading device during the movement speed I gg, during which the material : : - : : M to, rge - saiscanea СХ) are fed and stored a pre-calculated movement speed profile.

Preferably, these values will not change after the start-up of the installation and the corresponding optimization measures, but they will be kept constant during continuous operation.

Each time the installation is restarted, for example after maintenance, this stored data is always reset. When the discharge device then applies the material during some of the travel cycles to the second continuous conveyor, shortly before the start of travel in the -72 direction, during : . : 0 Mdol (X) of which material is applied, each speed profile of the unloading device is calculated according to the above formula. Next is this actual profile

Xx - - - - and asimai (X) on the fourth continuous conveyor is measured in the described way and stored.

It is possible to describe the actual profile using a discrete mathematical function, such as spline interpolation, but in general it has been shown that the discretized form is more suitable for general control and regulation mechanisms, and is also reasonably accurate. To do this, for example, the actual profile of 4 asimai (X) on the fourth continuous conveyor is measured at discrete distances, for example, 5 cm or 10 cm across the width of Va

- we! x of the fourth continuous conveyor. Desired profile 4 asimai (X) on the fourth continuous . . . . h. In x. pipelines are discretized in the same way. Now measured actual profiles 4 by all ( ) which, for example, are measured every 0.1 s and stored, averaged over the entire unloading cycle. In this example, thus, 240 profiles are averaged during the total movement cycle of the unloading device with a time period of 24s. This averaged actual profile, written as a vector, is then used in the aforementioned - - Xx equation above as a asisha (X).

It was shown that it is desirable to subtract from this the actual profile recorded in the vector - I and I eat. I x . . form, desirable ; written in the vector form of 4 deviteks ( in and divide the difference by 4

Pa deviges Ge desired height in the middle of the fourth continuous conveyor. Thus, a dimensionless deviation is obtained, which is negative when the local actual height is less than the local desired height. But it is positive when the local actual height is greater than the local desired height. Thus, of course, the value of the dimensionless deviation, which is also written as a vector, is closer to 0 than to -1 or 1.

By multiplying this dimensionless deviation by the damping coefficient a, for which the value "0.2" is preferably chosen, the values become smaller again. When the result is then added to the unit vector 1, we get values that are close to 1. They are greater than 1 when the local actual height is greater than the local desired height, and they are less than 1 when the local actual height is less than the local desired height. When the result of this this is . . M x addition, written in vector form, is multiplied by the old velocity profile dov (x) . . . In x of the unloading device, then the new speed of movement of the share (X) . . . At x the unloading device will be higher than the old travel speed until now ) when the local actual height was greater than the local desired height.

This makes sense in that, in the case of a higher speed of movement, locally less material is fed from the unloading device to the second continuous conveyor. Thus, it can be expected that this intervention of the adjusting device leads to a decrease in the local actual height and thus brings (l) into line with the local desired height. On the contrary, the new speed of movement of the unloading device will be . . . in x lower. than the old displacement speed to ) when the local actual altitude was

With lower than the local desired height. As a result, at this location, more material is fed from the discharge device to the second continuous conveyor, so that the local actual height will increase and thereby bring more material in line with the desired local height. When there is no longer a difference between the local desired height and the local actual height, there is also no longer a need to change the local speed of the discharge drum. Then the square brackets of the above formula are equal to exactly 1.0, so that the new local speed of movement of Anglem remains identical with : : U dos (x) the old local speed of movement ; .

Finally, it is necessary to ensure that the duration of the direction of travel during which the material is fed is not changed by the target change in the speed profile, because otherwise it may lead to the described discrepancies between the speed of the second continuous conveyor and the unloading device, which lead to the periodic formation minima or maxima in the direction of the second continuous conveyor or which would require adjustment of the transport speed 2 of the second continuous conveyor in each cycle of the discharger, which is not desirable Therefore, the velocity profile just calculated

M. H.

Allen (X) must be normalized:

IN,

Г-- '95х -6-626Б66ООВЙВЗЦТНТНТНТНЦСТННОТ НОТ 0 M d2pemu (х)

M dopem pogtei Х) - M dole (ХХ): ------7 td

The integral of the inverse value of the partially dependent speed along the width B2 of the second continuous conveyor ensures the duration of the reverse movement of the unloading device in the direction of movement -72. When this duration becomes longer than the expected duration, which should be a constant "Ag, then the rate U to (x) is increased according to the above equation, which leads to the re-adjustment of the desired duration tAg. In a new unloading cycle, the complete application of the material is again carried out without any -any adjustment interventions during this cycle, and then the actual profiles are again stored and used to adjust the next unloading cycle in the manner described. Therefore, the deviations between the actual profile and the desired profile during the unloading cycles become smaller and smaller, so that after the initial adjustment, still minimal corrections to the velocity profile Udg(s) are required. In general, this is done in an adjustment mechanism by which each profile of an arbitrary layer can be adjusted to match a desired state as long as that desired state is within a given limit , determined by the slope angle.

In addition, it was shown that it is advantageous when a second continuous conveyor feeds the material to the no . . In the third, a continuous conveyor with a transport speed of Z. Thus, on the second continuous conveyor, without any additional influences, the profile can be formed and can also be adjusted accordingly. This is also in accordance with the general design of the plant, when burning ferrous pellets, first the material from the pelletizing discs is collected on the first continuous conveyor, after which the material from the first continuous conveyor is transferred by means of a discharge device to the second continuous conveyor, where profiles can be formed, and subsequently the material is transferred by means of a roller screen, which can be considered as a third continuous conveyor, to the grate carts of the installation with a moving grate, and the moving grate itself should be considered as a fourth continuous conveyor. In the same way, the third continuous conveyor can transfer the material to the fourth continuous conveyor.

Similarly, material from a second continuous conveyor can be directly transferred to

From the fourth continuous conveyor. Preferably, every third continuous conveyor and/or fourth continuous conveyor contains a measuring device.

Preferably, in this case, with the help of a measuring device, the average height of Zesich of the layer of material C on the third continuous conveyor is determined and this determined. . Yz des the actual value is compared with the given desired value Zv When the actual value

These and . Ra devigei M value of Z Less than the given desired value of ЗОИ where means that the speed of Z . . In the transportation of the third continuous conveyor is too high, and that this speed C . . Yz des should be reduced accordingly. | on the contrary, when the actual height of the C layer exceeds ovige

The speed of the third continuous conveyor is too low, so that the residence time of the material on this third continuous conveyor and thus the average layer height become longer and greater, respectively, than desired. In both cases, the speed of transport of the third continuous conveyor (increases or decreases discretely or continuously until the average height of the Z asim layer again does not correspond to the desired value of ЗВ сх,

It is particularly desirable when the measuring device above the fourth continuous conveyor can determine the actual profile of the material layer on this conveyor and when the evaluation unit connected to it can calculate the cross-sectional area of this material layer. In the sense of the invention, the cross-sectional area is determined in a perpendicular direction relative to the direction 7 of transportation of the fourth continuous conveyor. This calculated actual value of the cross-sectional area O a asishvi is based on the measurement, compared to the desired value of the sessions When there are differences between the actual value Oaassha! | the desired value of О a bevigey in the sense of regulatory intervention, can be reacted in two different ways: a) The flow of material, when the first continuous conveyor is loaded, can be influenced in such a way that the actual value of the cross-sectional area "asich is brought more in line with the desired value of О devigei When, for example, the calculated actual cross-sectional area Oasimay IS less than the corresponding desired value O a devigei then when the material is fed to the first continuous conveyor, more material is applied.

B) The speed of transportation of the fourth phase-discontinuous conveyor is regulated in such a way that the calculated actual value of the cross-sectional area of the "7-section" is brought into line with the desired value of Odesa. Thus, in the example indicated in point a), the speed of transportation of the fourth continuous conveyor must be reduced by for a long time, until the desired value of "9evity" is reached,

Deviation between the actual area of OA asthma! cross-section and desired area

Cross-sectional OA devigos can, for example, occur when the particle size distribution of the material layer changes so that the granules become smaller and smaller and when the third continuous conveyor is a roller screen that screens the smaller granules and therefore does not transfer them to the fourth continuous conveyor. In addition, it is very important that in the adjustment described here, with the help of a measuring device above the fourth continuous conveyor, the actual height of the profile of the layer of material on the fourth continuous conveyor was also determined.

But it is also possible that the actual profile differs from the desired profile, but at the same time, the actual area of the cross-section corresponds exactly to the desired area of the cross-section. In this case, it is not necessary to make the corrections described in points a) or b) above, but the intervention in the adjustment can consist only of adjusting the speed U dg) of the unloading device, which can be varied depending on the respective location.

On the contrary, it may also happen that the actual profile really coincides in form with

With the desired profile, but the actual cross-sectional area is different from the desired cross-sectional area Oz. In such cases, usually the measured profile as a whole is too high or too low. Here, rather, the actual cross-sectional area O a deviges must first be more closely aligned with the desired cross-sectional area O a deviges.

It has been shown to be appropriate to maintain the last calculated velocity profile of the potted discharge device until the actual material bed volume flow is leveled in the range of 98 to 102 96 of the desired material bed volume flow.

Only after that, profile adjustment starts again. It has been shown that the same logic is beneficial in the case of starting a chain of continuous conveyors: from the point of view of control, first - : : MAgrgesaisciavva (X) a pre-calculated velocity profile is used and the cross-sectional area of the material layer profile on the fourth continuous conveyor is adjusted to the desired value sezitea in the way described above either in point a) or in point B). Only when the actual value of the cross-sectional area is in the range from 98 to 102 95 of the desired cross-sectional area "7 aesies, then the switch to the above-described profile adjustment occurs automatically by adjusting the speed profile M Ag(x) of the unloading device.. The logic described in of this paragraph, may accordingly also be used in the case of the first and second continuous conveyors, when a suitable measuring device is present above the respective continuous conveyor.

In addition, it has been shown to be beneficial when the granular material contains iron. In particular, in the case of iron and steel production, a large amount of material is processed, and the example of the transport of green pellets from the pelletizing discs, which are used to burn them in a moving grate plant, shows that such a method is associated with decisive advantages, since only the variable feeding of the moving grate carts can guarantee that, on the one hand, the receiving capacity of the grate carts is increased, and on the other hand, in modern plant conditions, the used material is burned evenly and therefore at the end of the process, the product can be reached of the same quality.

In addition, the invention has a device characterized by features according to clause 10 of the claims. This device is preferably characterized by the features according to at least one of clauses 1-9 of the claims and described accordingly.

Such a device has one continuous conveyor, as well as at least two loading devices, which are designed so that each loading device forms a continuous row of granulated material on the support surface of the continuous conveyor. In the sense of the invention, these rows must be parallel to each other and must overlap each other in such a way that a single layer of material is formed on the support surface, moreover, the layer of material in the cross section, which is orthogonal to the support surface, has the shape of a trapezoid, and at the same time the sides are parallel trapezoids are also parallel to the supporting surface. According to the invention, the device is designed in such a way that at least one loading device can be moved across the longitudinal direction of the continuous conveyor.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized by the fact that at least one loading device is a second continuous conveyor. This makes it possible to transport the material from the previous stages of the process by means of a continuous conveyor, such as, for example, a roller screen or an additional belt conveyor, to the first continuous conveyor, so that it serves to collect different streams of material having the same or different compositions.

Preferably, when in addition to the first load device on each side of the support surface of the continuous conveyor in its transport direction, at least one additional mobile load device is provided. Therefore, on both sides of the first drawn row, additional rows can be added, which are added without joints in relation to the first

From the applied series and, thus, represent a complete layer of material in the sense of the invention. In case of failure of one loading device, the next loading device, located on the same side and movable, can take its position.

It is also desirable that the design of the first loading device be stationary and that it applies the first row approximately in the middle of the continuous conveyor. When this first load device fails, the row in the middle can be applied by every other moving load device, preferably the second or third load device. Therefore, due to the higher costs, in the case of the first loading device, the mobile structure is not mandatory.

However, in a particularly preferred embodiment, all subsequent cargo devices are characterized by a movable structure, so that the above-described movement of the cargo device can be carried out at each adjustment.

It is especially advantageous when the described device contains at least one measuring device, which is able to detect violations of the flatness of the layer in the form of minima or maxima in the transverse direction of the continuous conveyor. Such a minimum or maximum in the case of the described arrangement of cargo devices is especially often created by the fact that the overlapping of adjacent rows is still not optimal. For example, a groove that is parallel to the edge of a continuous conveyor in the surface of the layer can be created by the fact that in the overlapped position of two rows, the distance between the centers of these two rows for the corresponding volumetric flows was chosen to be large.

Such measuring devices can be, for example, ultrasonic probes, which are located on the beam next to each other so that they cover the entire width of the continuous conveyor. The width, in the sense of the invention, should be understood in the orthogonal direction with respect to the direction of transportation of the continuous conveyor. It is also possible to use laser systems or simple deflection methods, such as, for example, one or more metal strips that deflect more or less strongly when interacting with a minimum or maximum, and then each deviation is detected, for example, by means of a rotary potentiometer, according to knitted with one metal bar. In addition to measurement using ultrasonic probes, radar probes can also be used. Detection of deviations can also be carried out by an optical system, for example, a camera, and then analyzed with the help of computer image analysis.

A device in which, alone or in combination with the devices described so far, characterized by the features of at least one of points 10-15, also transfers the material from the first to the second continuous conveyor, has a first and a second continuous conveyor, as well as an unloading device. The first continuous conveyor is designed to transport a layer of material Mi having an average width B; the speed of transport to or from the unloading device. The unloading device moves in the first direction of movement with the first speed M of movement and in the second direction of movement, which is opposite to the first, with the second speed mdg along the width Ve of the layer of material M2 of the second continuous conveyor. This second continuous conveyor has a transport speed ug.

In this case, the discharge device in at least one direction of movement continuously applies material to the second continuous conveyor. The subject of the invention is that the device contains a control device, partially connected with a regulating device, which regulates the speed of transportation of the intermittent conveyor to the value according to the following: 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1

I- ah |-- - - -ah Y--ah-|- - tah o MA) 0 Ag) 0 MAT) 0 U Ag)

Vi.-0.95 Vi-1.05 in. 7EMazV, v.

The requirement is (the following range. 1. dhu | x 0 MA) 0 Ah) o MAT) 0 mAh)

В .-0.98 В-1.02 в в в в в в в в в бсобит гана is the next range 1 and the desired bsoblyva is the current range в. | dx o MA) o MA2(X) o MAT) o MAYU

Each time one of the parameters ud, mag, Vi or Ve changes, the transport speed ug of the second continuous conveyor is immediately and automatically adjusted according to the same formula.

In this way, the continuous supply of the second continuous conveyor can be guaranteed in such a way that the subsequent material flow is relatively stable, and the corresponding stages of the subsequent technological process are no longer subject to deviations associated with the loading of granular material.

Preferably, the first and/or second continuous conveyor is a belt conveyor or

With a roller screen. The belt conveyor design is preferred because the belt conveyor is a very simple continuous conveyor. Roller screening has the advantage that material that is too large and/or too small (size in terms of diameter) can be removed from the process. Combinations of two continuous conveyors are also possible, for example, a combination is possible in which at least one of the continuous conveyors consists partly of a belt conveyor and partly of a roller screen.

In addition, preferably, when the unloading device is a unloading drum.

A particularly simple solution is an unloading device that can be moved, for example, by a double-acting hydraulic cylinder in combination with a hydraulic pump and corresponding hydraulic valves, or a gear train with a drive unit with an electric motor in combination with limit switches. which change the direction of rotation of the drive unit, or an electric linear motor with appropriate control in two directions.

But also according to this invention, as an unloading device it is possible to use a rotary conveyor that transfers the material from the first continuous conveyor to the second continuous conveyor. So, again, it should be emphasized that the direction of movement, in the sense of the invention, does not necessarily mean the direct direction of movement, but only the movement from one side of the second continuous conveyor to the opposite side and back again, in addition, the invention also covers, for example, variant of material transfer along a parabola when using a rotary conveyor.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention includes a measuring device that checks the material that is applied to the second continuous conveyor for the presence of a minimum and/or a maximum. Preferably, this measuring device is mounted on the second continuous conveyor. Based on the results of these measurements by at least one measuring device, the control device can adjust the transport speed of the second continuous conveyor so that a stable flow of material on the second continuous conveyor is ensured. Compared to the control described above, the adjustment provides a fine adjustment of the speed mg of the transport of the second continuous conveyor, which also compensates for disturbances such as changes in the slope angles of the layers of material over time. Thus, mg is a variable quantity, while the mass flow is a variable controlled process in which the temporal fluctuations are regulated so that they are practically zero.

In addition, it has been shown that it is advantageous when the first measuring device checks the layer of material on the first continuous conveyor for the presence of a minimum and a maximum in the transverse direction.

Such a device includes a first and a second continuous conveyor, as well as an unloading device. The first continuous conveyor is designed to transport a layer of material having an average width of 7! into or onto the unloading device. The unloading device is designed in such a way that it is movable in the first direction I. di movement at a speed MA and in the second direction I d2 movement, which is opposite to the first at a speed MA? movement across the width Ve of the material layer on the second continuous conveyor. The unloading device applies the material in at least one direction of movement, preferably in the direction I d2 of movement, rows of material on the second continuous conveyor.

According to the present invention, the device has at least one control or regulation device (the latter is preferred with a corresponding control unit), which controls and/or regulates the change in the speed of movement, preferably Udg) of the unloading device in at least one direction of movement, preferably in the direction of movement , during the application of the material. This means either that the discharge device applies material in one direction only

From movement and that during this feeding of material the local speed of movement changes, or that the unloading device applies material in both directions of movement, and, in at least one direction, the speed of movement changes locally. Thus, profiles in the x-direction, preferably convex profiles, can be formed on the second continuous conveyor, instead of a layer of material having a trapezoidal cross-section, and thus, for example, the receiving capacity of further stages of the technological process can be increased.

Furthermore, it has been shown to be advantageous when the first and/or second continuous conveyor is a belt conveyor or roller screen. A belt conveyor is a very simple and reliable design of a continuous conveyor and is therefore preferred. The roller screen provides the ability to simultaneously remove too small or too large particles from the material layer and thus additionally averages the material layer. But roller screens have the disadvantage that they partially re-average the adjusted profiles. Combinations of two continuous conveyors are also possible, in which, for example, a combination is possible when at least one of the continuous conveyors consists partly of a belt conveyor and partly of a roller screen.

However, a preferred embodiment of the invention is where both the first and second continuous conveyors are belt conveyors, and where the second continuous conveyor is followed by a roller screen as the third continuous conveyor and a moving grate unit as the fourth continuous conveyor.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the unloading device is a unloading drum, which can, for example, be moved by a double-acting hydraulic cylinder in combination with a hydraulic pump and corresponding hydraulic valves, or moved by a rack-and-pinion mechanism with a drive unit with an electric motor in combination with limit switches , which change the direction of rotation of the drive unit, or an electric linear motor with appropriate control in two directions.

But the invention covers the option when a rotary conveyor is used as an unloading device, which reloads the material from the first continuous conveyor to the second continuous conveyor. So, here, again, it should be emphasized that the direction of movement, in the sense of the invention, does not necessarily mean direct movement, here the direction of movement means only movement from one side of the second continuous conveyor to the opposite side and back, for example, material overloading in a circular arc using a rotary conveyor.

Finally, it has also been shown to be advantageous to provide at least one measuring device which checks the profile of the material applied to the fourth continuous conveyor. Preferably, this measuring device is connected to the adjustment mechanism described above. However, a preferred arrangement is that there are two measuring devices, namely the first above the first continuous conveyor and the second after the application of the material on the fourth continuous conveyor.

A particularly preferred arrangement is that there are three measuring devices, namely one measuring device above each of the first, second and fourth continuous conveyors. Therefore, the successful adjustment of deviations between the actual profile and the desired profile on the fourth continuous conveyor can be achieved in the shortest possible time.

At least one such measuring device, which can be, for example, ultrasonic probes, is located on the beam next to each other so that they cover the entire width of the continuous conveyor. The width, in the sense of the invention, should be understood as the width in the orthogonal direction relative to the direction of transportation of the continuous conveyor. Laser systems or simple deflection methods can also be used, for example, one or more metal strips that are deflected to a greater or lesser degree when interacting with a minimum or maximum, while the deviations are then detected, for example, with the help of a rotary potentiometer that interacts with metal bar. In addition to measurement using ultrasonic probes, radar probes can also be used. Detection of deviations can also be carried out using an optical system, for example, cameras, and then analyzed using computer analysis.

Next, the invention is explained with reference to the figures. All the described and/or illustrated features on their own or in any combination form the subject of the invention, regardless of their concise presentation in the claims or in the back references.

The drawings show: fig. 1 - device according to the present invention,

From in fig. 2a-a - different general profiles of the material depending on the working condition, in fig. 3a-c - different general profiles of the material depending on the working condition, in fig. 4 - the relationship according to this invention of the first continuous conveyor and the second continuous conveyors in the x-y direction, in fig. 5 - the relationship of the first and second continuous conveyors in the x-2 direction, in fig. 6 - the relationship of the first, second, third and fourth continuous conveyors in the x-y direction, according to the present invention and in fig. 7 - interconnection of the first and second continuous conveyors in the x-2 direction.

The continuous conveyor 10 may be a conventional belt conveyor, as shown, which operates with at least one drive unit 12 in such a way that the transported material is moved in the direction T of transportation. The material is applied to the support surface 11. It is also possible to use a roller screen, as well as all the above-mentioned types of continuous conveyors.

Working devices 21-27 are devices for carrying out the previous stage of the technological process. They can, for example, be discs for the production of green iron ore ocotene. Starting from these devices 21-27, additional continuous conveyors 31-37 lead to the continuous conveyor 10. They are designed so that at their ends the material is fed to the continuous conveyor 10. In the simplest form, this can be achieved by these continuous conveyors 31- 37 are belt conveyors which, in the position of their unloading drum, unload the material transported on them onto the continuous conveyor 10.

In general, it is possible to lower the continuous conveyors 31-37 and unload the material directly from the devices 21-27 to the continuous conveyor 10. In principle, it is also possible to install between the devices 21-27 and the continuous conveyors 31-37 additional devices that perform product processing after the devices 21 -27. Thus, for example, green iron ore pellets from one of the granulation discs 21-27 may first be granulated using a roller screen (not shown) before they enter one of the continuous conveyors 31-37.

In each embodiment of the invention, the mass flows on individual rows should not be identical, that is, the cross-sectional areas of individual rows may be different. Thus, it is not a requirement of the invention that all mass flows from all loading devices be the same, but this may be a special case.

Continuous conveyors 32-37 have such a design that they can be adjusted in the direction M of movement by adjusting devices 42-47. Preferably, they can be adjusted by the drive unit so that they can be directly moved by the primary control unit. But it is also possible to provide a mechanical adjustment device that can be operated manually, e.g. crank mechanism.

When, for example, the working device 23 fails, then its row, which is adjacent to the row of the device 21, is no longer added. When information is received that the working device 23 has failed, or when a decrease in the formed common layer is detected, which can be attributed to the working device 23, then it is possible to move the working devices 25 and 27 and/or the corresponding conveyors 35 and 37 with the help of adjusting devices 45 and 47 such that the continuous conveyor 35 occupies the previous position of the continuous conveyor 33 and the continuous conveyor 37 occupies the previous position of the continuous conveyor 35. Thus, the void resulting from the failure of the working device 23 is filled again, while the overall profile becomes thinner .

Preferably, whenever the failure of one of the devices 21-27 is indicated directly by an electrical signal, the position of the following devices on one side of the continuous conveyor is immediately changed at 17.595 the transport speed of the continuous conveyor 10 until the new positions of the additional continuous conveyors are established. Thus, the disturbance caused by the failure of one of the devices 21-27 is almost completely corrected within a few seconds. After that, fine-tuning of the moved cargo devices is carried out, during which the minimums and maxima on the surface of the layer are detected with the help of the measuring device 50 and compensated by the slow movement of the cargo devices, which were previously moved relatively quickly. This is especially desirable when the travel speed during such fine tuning is 1.75 95 of the belt speed. Whenever maxima (hills) are detected in the general profile in the transverse direction to the transport direction T, the corresponding loading devices must be moved from the coordinates of the maximum width towards the edge of the continuous conveyor. Whenever a minimum (pit or groove) is detected in the general profile in the transverse direction to the transport direction T, the corresponding

The loading devices must be moved towards the middle of the continuous conveyor, so that a single layer of uniform material having a general trapezoidal profile is again created on the continuous conveyor 10.

Preferably, the measuring device 50 is used to detect flatness damage in the formed general layer of material on the continuous conveyor 10.

It is also preferable to ensure that damage is detected after every second or third loading device. The advantage of more meters is that the lag time between the occurrence of a minimum or maximum and its detection by the meter is reduced. In the case of a distance of 20 m between the first and last cargo devices and at a transport speed of the continuous conveyor 10 equal to 0.5 m/s, the delay time can, for example, exceed 40 s. It is also possible that the measurement is made after each load device 31-37.

Figures 2a-2a show different general profiles of the material layer on the continuous conveyor 10 in the direction transverse to its transport direction T in the case of the design according to Fig.1.

In fig. 2a shows the finished layer of material, which is formed as a trapezoid on the support surface 11 of the continuous conveyor 10. Both parallel sides of the trapezoid are located parallel to the support surface of the continuous conveyor. Each continuous conveyor 31-37 for feeding the material creates or adds its own row 51-57, which is parallel and unhindered adjacent to the adjacent one in such a way that the general profile is formed in the form of a trapezoid. In Fig. 2, in this case, separate rows 51-57 are marked based on the last digit of the numbers of continuous conveyors 31-37.

Fig. 2b5 shows the result of failure of the working device 23 with the corresponding continuous conveyor 33, which are shown in Fig. 7, where a minimum is obtained in the corresponding position, which corresponds to the absence of the entire row 53.

Figure 2c shows how the full trapezoidal layer of material is changed again by moving the continuous conveyors 35 and 37 with the adjustment devices 45 and 47 according to the present invention, while now the full layer of material includes one row less. In this case, the continuous conveyor 35 has taken the position that was previously the position of the continuous conveyor 33, and the continuous conveyor 37 has taken the position that was previously the position of the continuous conveyor 35.

Figure 24 shows how the general profile changes again when the working device 23 is turned on again and in this position the continuous conveyor 33 feeds the material again. Now a maximum is formed, since the continuous conveyor 33 and the continuous conveyor 35 feed the material at the same position on the support surface 11 of the continuous conveyor 10. The analysis of the maximum cross-sectional area with the help of the measuring device 50 gives the conclusion that here two are used in the same position full rows After detecting this, for example, by the measuring device 50, the continuous conveyors 35 and 37 are moved by the adjusting devices 45 and 47 in the direction of the edge of the continuous conveyor in such a way that they again occupy their initial position, while again 10 is formed a layer of material according to fig.2a.

In fig. The same complete general profile is shown as in fig. 2a.

In fig. 36, the general profile shows a small maximum in the position where rows 53 and 55 overlap each other. In this case, the unloading position of the continuous conveyors 33 and 35 for the corresponding flow volumes are too close to each other. When the measuring device 50 detects such a maximum, the connected adjusting device will change the position of the continuous conveyors 35 and 37 by moving towards the edge of the continuous conveyor 10 until the finished profile of the general layer as in fig. For, will not be adjusted again.

In fig. With the general profile, you can see a small minimum, namely in the position where rows 52 and 54 overlap each other. In this case, the distance between the unloading positions of the continuous conveyors 32 and 34 for supplying volumetric flows is too large. When the measuring device 50 detects such a minimum, the adjusting device will move the continuous conveyors 34 and 36 in the direction of the middle of the continuous conveyor 10 until the finished profile of the common layer, as in Fig.Za, is adjusted again.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the measuring device 50 is made in such a way that the cross-sectional area of the general layer can be calculated easily and automatically, and even in the case when the actual profile differs from the finished profile. Especially preferred is the connection with the analyzing unit, which,

Zo especially in the case when the actual profile differs from the completed profile, identifies in which position the deviation occurs and how large it is. For example, the analyzing unit, in the case of a violation shown in fig. 25 and 2d, found that there was a whole row missing or that two rows were drawn from the same position. In case of such violations, the analysis unit will transmit a signal to the units 45 and 47 of the movement drive to provide movement at a speed of 17.595 of the speed of transportation of the continuous conveyor 10 in the required direction. But, when the analyzing unit detects small disturbances, as in fig. ZB or Zc, then it will transmit a signal to the corresponding displacement drive units to provide movement at a speed equal to 1.75 95 of the transport speed of the continuous conveyor 10. Thus, it is guaranteed that a large disturbance of the overall profile will be quickly eliminated and, conversely, a small the disturbance will be corrected slowly, in the fine-tuning mode, to avoid over-adjustment by the adjusting device.

In the embodiment according to the present invention, shown in Fig. 4, the material (MI! width

VI!) is fed from the first continuous conveyor 210 to the second continuous conveyor 220. In the illustrated embodiment, the first continuous conveyor 210 is a belt conveyor and has at least one drive unit. The continuous conveyor 220 has a belt conveyor 221 and a roller screen 222, which has the advantage that particles that are too small and/or too large can be removed before further steps in the process. In this case, preferably, the belt conveyor 221 and the roller screen 222 have separate drive assemblies. But any similar construction of a continuous conveyor made of the continuous conveyors mentioned in the introductory part of this description is also possible.

A continuous conveyor 210 transports material to or from a discharge device 230 .

In the simplest case, this can be achieved by designing an unloading device in the form of an unloading drum around which a conveyor belt passes with a coverage angle of approximately 180".

The unloading device 230 moves in two directions of movement, namely along the width Vg of the material layer M2 on the continuous conveyor 220, and the width must be understood as orthogonal to the direction of movement. Ideally, thus, the unloading device 230 moves from one side of the continuous conveyor 220 back to the other side. It unloads material in at least one direction of movement. As a rule, this is the case when the unloading drum is moved in the second direction of movement, that is, opposite to the direction Ti of transportation of the first continuous conveyor. This material (M width Vg) is then additionally transported on the support surface of the second continuous conveyor 223 of the second continuous conveyor 220.

Preferably, the invention provides for the presence of a measuring device 250, which detects the course of the material flow on the continuous conveyor 220 and/or its support surface. Such devices can be, for example, ultrasonic or radar probes, which are located on the beam next to each other so that they cover the entire area along the width of the second continuous conveyor. Laser systems or simple metal bars can also be used, which determine a larger or not so large deviation from the minimum or maximum, which then appear again. In addition to measurement using ultrasonic probes, radar probes can also be used. Detection of defects can also be carried out by an optical system, for example, a camera, and then analyzed using computer image analysis.

When, over time, the measuring device 250 detects periodically repeated minima or maxima of the height of the material layer M", then the transport speed mg of the second continuous conveyor 220, which is provided with the control device 240, can also be precisely adjusted with the help of the regulating device 240 so that the minima or maxima disappear .

Figure 5 shows the same device in the x-7 direction. Here, material M", preferably in a steady flow, is transported on the support surface 211 of the first continuous conveyor 210 to the discharge drum 230.

After unloading the Mi material from the unloading edge of the unloading drum 230, the belt with the support surface 211 of the first continuous conveyor 210 is guided in a known manner through the first tail drum 212, the tension drum 214 with the corresponding tension weight 215 and the second tail drum 213.

The unloading device 230 can be moved across the width of the second continuous conveyor, as shown, by means of a hydraulic cylinder 231. Alternatively, an electrically actuated displacement device or a dual hydraulic cylinder arrangement is also possible.

In an embodiment according to the present invention (Fig. b), the material is fed by the first continuous conveyor 310 to the second continuous conveyor 320, which, in turn, transfers the material to the third continuous conveyor 330, which, in turn, transfers the material to the fourth continuous conveyor 340. In the shown version in the x-y direction, the first continuous conveyor 310 is made in the form of a belt conveyor with at least one drive unit. The second continuous conveyor 320 is also designed as a belt conveyor.

The third continuous conveyor 330 is made in the form of a roller screen, which gives the advantage that particles that are too small and/or too large can be removed before carrying out further steps of the process. And the fourth continuous conveyor 340 is designed as a moving grate. However, in a similar way, any construction of continuous conveyors corresponding to the continuous conveyors mentioned in the introductory part of the description is possible.

A continuous conveyor 310 transports material to or from a discharge device 316 .

In the simplest case, this can be achieved by the design of the unloading device in the form of an unloading drum, which redirects the conveyor belt of the first continuous conveyor 310, and the unloading device 316 can be moved in width and thus move along the unloading zone 60 of the support surface 321 of the second continuous conveyor 320 so that the material falls down from the discharge device 316 and is distributed over the entire width B" of the second continuous conveyor 320. In general, the design of the discharge device 316 is such that it accumulates all the material transported by the first continuous conveyor 310 and transfers it to a second continuous conveyor 320, but with interruptions.

The unloading device 316 moves in two directions of movement, namely along the width B» of the material layer M2 of the continuous conveyor 320, and the width should be understood in the orthogonal direction relative to the direction of transportation T2 of the second continuous conveyor. Thus, in the completed form, the unloading device 16 moves from one side of the continuous conveyor 320 back to the other side. At the same time, it unloads the material in at least one direction. This material is then further transported by a continuous conveyor 320 .

Preferably, a measuring device 351 is provided above the end of the first continuous conveyor, which detects the shape and direction of the material flow on the first continuous conveyor 310 and/or its support surface. Such a device can be, for example, ultrasonic probes, which are located on the beam next to each other so that they cover the entire zone along the width of the first continuous conveyor. Laser systems with movable mirrors or simple deflection methods are also possible, such as one or more metal bars that deflect more or less strongly under the action of a minimum or maximum, and these deflections are then fixed, for example, by means of an electric rotary potentiometer.

In addition, a second measuring device 352 can be placed above the second continuous conveyor 320. When the measuring device 352 detects a periodically recurring minimum or maximum, the speed m" of transport of the second continuous conveyor 320, which is regulated by the control or regulating device 370, can also be regulated by it when it is characterized by a design with a suitable control unit, so that the minimums or maximums disappear. In addition, it is also possible to arrange the third measuring device 353 above the third continuous conveyor.

A particularly preferred design is where the fourth measuring device 354 is located above the fourth continuous conveyor, particularly preferably in a position immediately downstream of the material loading location. Adjusting the profile of the material layer below this fourth gauge is the most important controlled change process.

This profile should not only be kept constant over time by the adjustment of the device 370, but should be brought as close as possible to the desired profile.

In the example of the fourth continuous conveyor 340, a continuous conveyor design is shown which is, for example, formed of plates or slatted carts and thus has segments

E. This design is possible in the case of any of the four continuous conveyors 310, 320, 330 and 340. In addition, the continuous conveyor 340 includes side segments 5 to limit its bearing surface, which are shown as an example for one segment K. Also such a design possible for any one of the four continuous conveyors 310, 320, 330 and 340.

Figure 7 shows the same device in the x-7 direction. Here, material M: is transported mainly in a stable flow on the support surface 311 of the first continuous conveyor 310 to the unloading drum 316.

After unloading the Mi material from the end of the unloading device 316, the tape with

The supporting surface 311 is guided in a known manner around the first tail drum 312, the tension drum 314 with the corresponding tension weight 315 and the second tail drum 313.

The unloading device 316 can be moved along the width B» of the layer of material Me of the second continuous conveyor, for example, as shown, with the help of a hydraulic cylinder 317. Alternatively, a device with an electric drive or equipment with two hydraulic cylinders is also possible. Here, the second continuous conveyor 320 has a belt conveyor design having a carrying conveyor branch 323 and an idle conveyor branch 324.

List of designations: 10 - continuous conveyor 11 - support surface 12 - drive unit 21-27 - working device 31 - 37- additional continuous conveyors 42-47 - regulating device - measuring device 51-57 - rows from individual continuous conveyors o - distance

T - direction of transportation

M - direction of movement 50 210 - first continuous conveyor 211 - support surface of the first continuous conveyor 212, 213 - tail drum 214 - tension drum 215 - tension weight 220 - second continuous conveyor 221 - belt conveyor 222 - roller screen 223 - support surface of the second continuous conveyor 230 is an unloading device, while 231 is a hydraulic cylinder

240 - control and/or adjustment device 250 - measuring device 10 - first continuous conveyor 311, 321 - support surface 312, 313 - tail drum 314 - tension drum 315 - tension weight 316 - unloading device 317 - hydraulic cylinder 320 - second continuous conveyor 323 - bearing conveyor branch 324 - empty conveyor branch 330 - third continuous conveyor 340 - fourth continuous conveyor 351-354 - measuring device 360 - unloading zone 370 - control and adjustment device

Mi is a layer of material on the first continuous conveyor

Mesh is a layer of material on the second continuous conveyor

B: - the width of the material flow on the first continuous conveyor

B" is the width of the material flow on the second continuous conveyor

Vz is the width of the material flow on the third continuous conveyor

Va is the width of the material flow on the fourth continuous conveyor

Ti is the direction of transportation of the first continuous conveyor

T2 - the direction of transportation of the second continuous conveyor

Tz - the direction of transportation of the third continuous conveyor

Ta - direction of transportation of the fourth continuous conveyor mi - transportation speed of the first continuous conveyor mg transportation speed of the second continuous conveyor

Koo) mz - the speed of transportation of the third continuous conveyor ma - the speed of transportation of the fourth continuous conveyor

Y di - the first direction of movement of the unloading device

And d2 - the second direction of movement of the unloading device mli - the speed of movement of the unloading device in the first direction of movement

Mag - The speed of movement of the unloading device in the second direction of movement

B - segments of the fourth continuous conveyor

Z - lateral segments of the fourth continuous conveyor y" - distance

Claims (13)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. A method of feeding granular material onto a continuous conveyor in which at least two loading devices are moved toward each other so that each loading device forms a continuous row of material on the support surface of the continuous conveyor, and in which the rows are parallel to each other and overlap in such a way that that a common layer of material is formed on the support surface, which, in a cross-section perpendicular to the support surface, has the shape of a trapezoid, and in which the parallel sides of the trapezoid are parallel to the support surface, which is characterized in that one or more measuring devices determine the layer of material with a local minimum and/or maximum that the loading devices are located on both sides of the continuous conveyor in its direction of travel one after the other, and that, starting with the second loading device, the loading devices add their respective row to the already existing row on the side of the support surface on which they are located that at least three cargo devices in a continuous row of material is created, and that when the measuring device detects a minimum or a maximum, then at least one loading device is moved, that the loading devices are located on both sides of the continuous conveyor in the direction of transport one after the other so that the loading devices, starting from the first drawn 60 row , add their rows in the position of the row from 2 to n to the already existing row on the side of the support surface on which they are located, and so that, when a minimum is detected, this minimum is considered to be a formed load device a, and the fact that the load devices , which are located behind this loading device and on this side, are moved so that they occupy the position n-1 or n-1 from now on, that each time a layer of material is formed parallel to at least one edge of the support surface with a deviation of at most 10". 2. The method according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the material layer is formed parallel to at least one edge of the support surface with a deviation of at most 10". 3. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized by the fact that the granular material contains iron. 4. The method of supplying granulated material to a continuous conveyor, in which at least one first continuous conveyor with direction 7;, transport and speed M, transport, which is loaded by the method according to one of claims 1-3, transports the material in the form of a layer of material having an average width B;, in or on the unloading device, in which the unloading device is moved in the first direction of movement with the first speed MA; of movement and in the second direction of movement, which is opposite to the first, with the second speed Mdg2 of movement along the average width of 8" of the layer of material of the second continuous conveyor and in which the discharge force is applied as little as possible; in one direction of movement continuously matervya-na-yarunt continuous conveyor which differs in that the second continuous conveyor has shdudkiet Uetroreportuva| Nya, Blia Ddyui, the following equation is justified: 0 MAib) 0 Md2 0) 0 MdibO) 0 Md2 0) 5. The method according to claim 4, which differs in that the first direction of movement of the unloading device and direction 7; transportation of the first continuous conveyor are the same. b. The method according to one of claims 4 or 5, which differs in that the first speed is Ma; the movement of the unloading device is identical to the speed U; transportation of the first continuous conveyor. 7. The method according to one of claims 4-6, which differs in that the first speed is Mu; movement of the unloading device is identical to the second speed Md2 of the movement of the unloading device. 8. The method according to one of claims 4-7, which is characterized by the fact that the layer of material on the first continuous conveyor in the cross-section, perpendicular to the continuous conveyor, Zo has the shape of a trapezoid, and that the width B; is the average width of this trapezoid. 9. The method according to one of claims 4-8, which is characterized by the fact that the granular material contains iron. 10. The method according to one of claims 4-9, characterized in that the first measuring device determines the layer of material on the first continuous conveyor for the presence of a minimum and/or a maximum. 11. The method according to one of claims 4-10, characterized in that the second measuring device determines the material applied to the second continuous conveyor for the presence of a periodically repeating minimum and/or maximum. 12. The method according to claim 11, which is characterized by the fact that when at least three periodically consecutive minima are detected, the speed of the second continuous conveyor is reduced until the minima no longer occur. 13. 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