UA124415U - METHOD OF INHIBITING EXPANSION OF PARASITIC ACTIVITY OF MICROSPHAERA ALPHITOIDES GRIFF. ON OAK ORIGINAL IN YOUNG PLANTINGS - Google Patents

Abstract

Method of inhibiting expansion of parasitic activity of Microsphaera alphitoides Griff. on the usual oak in young plantations, in which the technological reception of sanitary pruning of trees is carried out with the simultaneous shortening of the growth of branches. In the autumn and in the beginning of winter, in the nursery carry out detailed sanitary pruning of trees with the shortening of the branch growth by 5-6 developed buds, in addition, at the beginning of bud budding, and after 6-7 days, spend three methods of rooting seedlings with an aqueous solution of organic fertilizer " Sprout ", at the rate of 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0 liters of working solution per tree, in combination with immunogenic drug "Immunocytophyte", at the rate of 20 mg per 1 ha, while during the growing season, three methods of rooting and two methods of foliar feeding of plants with an aqueous solution of organic fertilizers "sprout" at the rate of 1.5; 2.0 and 3.0 kg per plant.

Description

The useful model belongs to forestry, in particular to the field of protection of nurseries and young plantations from the negative effects of phytopathogens, and can be used in modern technologies of protection of seedlings and young plantations of deciduous species.

It is known that among the complex of diseases of various etiologies, a disease classified as powdery mildew has become widespread in recent years. The causative agent affects both fruit, forest and decorative crops. (Hoychuk A.F., Gordienko M.I. and others

K.: NIC, IAE, 2004. - 470 p.). Conidia of the fungus, after overwintering under the scales of the apical buds of one-year growth, show pronounced activity in early spring and affect the leaves of the inflorescence and shoots. As a result, the intensity of photosynthesis is significantly reduced. Such plants lag behind in growth, are affected by other phytopathogens. In addition, the affected shoots usually do not ripen at the end of the growing season and freeze quite intensively. In the absence of effective methods of protection, not only the harvest is lost, but also cases of tree death are observed. Among deciduous tree species, the disease spreads especially intensively in young stands of common oak.

Known methods and technological methods are mainly of a preventive nature, which are aimed at the formation of ecologically stable structures, which to a certain extent reduces, and in some cases even makes possible the spread and development of powdery mildew of oak (N. N. Pady, About the reasons for the withering of oak trees planted in the Forest Steppes of the Ukrainian SSR/ / Scientific work of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. - 1976. -

Vsh. 1. - b. 37-40). These methods and techniques, despite their universality, are characterized by significant labor intensity and low efficiency.

There is also a known method of preventing the spread and development of pathogens of apple tree plantations, including powdery mildew, which functionally and technologically is the closest technical solution to the proposed method and was chosen as the closest analogue (Method of protection of apple plantations from pathogens. Patent of Ukraine Mo 10710, IPC AO1O 7/00, Published on November 15, 2005, Mo 11 Blvd., Drozda V.F., Lapa O.M).

The method described in the closest analogue consists in the fact that in order to limit the spread and development of phytopathogens of apple trees, in particular scab, powdery mildew and other diseases, spring pruning of apical shoots, tree crowns, semi-skeletal branches is carried out, followed by burning of terminal shoots before the start of sap flow. As part of the method of reception that

Zo involves the destruction of root growth, weeds and shrubs in the rows and around the perimeter of the garden. The positive result of using the known method is that when the centers of accumulation of phytopathogens are destroyed, their supply for the period of the beginning of vegetation is significantly reduced, which inhibits the spread and development of diseases.

However, the known method has the following disadvantages: the effective action of the method, which is accompanied by the prevention of the spread and development of the causative agent of powdery mildew of common oak in young cultures, is not established; the method is characterized by significant labor intensity and manual work; insignificant economic efficiency of the method.

The basis of a useful model is the task of experimentally substantiating the method of suppressing the expansion of the parasitic activity of Mistozrnaetga aIrpipoide5 stii on common oak in young plantations. The task was to experimentally substantiate the method, the components of which would absorb various essential signs of biological origin, which form the resistance of common oak to the action of such a dangerous phytopathogen as powdery mildew.

The set task is solved by sequential implementation of essential elements in the composition of the proposed method. In particular, in autumn and at the beginning of winter, in forest crops (in natural young plantations with the participation of common oak), detailed sanitary pruning of trees is carried out with the shortening of the growth of branches by 5-6 developed buds. Another significant difference is that at the beginning of budding and after 6-7 days, three treatments of root feeding of seedlings are carried out with an aqueous solution of organic fertilizer "Sprout" at the rate of 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0 liters of working solution per tree. It is also important that this reception is carried out in conjunction with the use of the immunogenic drug Immunocytofit. The rate of consumption of this drug is 20 mg/ha.

It is also essential in the method that during the growing season, three root and two root fertilizing plants are carried out with an aqueous solution of the organic fertilizer "Sprout" at the rate of 1.5; 2.0 and 3.0 kg per plant.

The essence of the proposed method is that preventive measures are optimized, in particular, detailed sanitary pruning of trees with shortening of branch growth by 5-6 developed buds. At the same time, a significant amount of the causative agent of powdery mildew, whose conidia hibernate under the scales of buds, is removed. Such buds, together with powdery mildew conidia, are removed from the plantations. The following techniques as part of the method are aimed at optimizing the modes of feeding oaks. It is for this purpose that root and foliar fertilizing of plants are carried out. The use of such a specific immunogenic drug as Immunocytophyt in a single technological regime contributes to the formation of stable structures of oak plantations, which is manifested in a pronounced inhibition of the expansion of the parasitic activity of the common oak powdery mildew.

Typical plantations of young common oak crops, which are grown according to known methods and technologies. The proposed latest technical solution positively solved the problem of protecting oak plantations from damage by the causative agent of powdery mildew.

This task was achieved by suppressing the expansion of the pathogen. For the experimental substantiation of the proposed method, experimental variants were formed, of which there were three and a control. In the first version, essential elements of the proposed method were implemented. In the second - essential elements of the closest analog method. In the third, a similar problem was solved by using chemical fungicides. In this variant, three sprayings of trees were carried out. We used an aqueous solution of the drug Skor 250 ES, k.e. (emulsion concentrate), at the rate of 0.4 l/ha - one application and the drug Topaz 100 EC, 0.4 l/ha - two applications. A control option was also provided - at least 15 oak plants, where no oak tree protection methods were used.

The research was conducted over four years (2014-2017). It was essential that the consequences for the causative agent of oak powdery mildew - absolute minimum temperatures in winter - were determined and evaluated. This was important, given that the critical temperature for the survival of conidia of the powdery mildew pathogen is in the range of -20-23 "С. Of the three years of research, the year 2015 was close to the critical period, when temperatures in winter fell to -19.6 " WITH. So, throughout 2015, there were depressed conditions for the development and spread of powdery mildew. In 2014 and 2017, the conditions were quite favorable for the development of the disease.

The most objective and informative test characteristics were used for the final assessment of the effectiveness of the methods and the assessment of the possible positive result.

The obtained digital material was processed statistically. The results of the research are given in the table.

It is established that the task set by the useful model has been completed. Final

The efficiency of the proposed method was 92.4 95 in the period of unfavorable conditions for the development of powdery mildew. Under favorable conditions for its development, the efficiency was 81.6 and 83.1 95. Analogous indicators in the closest analog method were 68.2; 61.3 and 56.9 95, respectively. The difference is statistically proven. It was important that the final efficiency of the proposed method was not inferior to the chemical standard.

The components of a positive result of the proposed method are indicators of a biological and physiological nature. We are talking about the amount of annual growth of oak branches. These indicators are given for the period of primary infection of trees with the pathogen, and secondary infection. They significantly exceed the indicators of the closest analogue. An important physiological indicator related to the regulation of the growth of oak plantations. The indicator of physiological maturation of oak shoots, or readiness to withstand frosts, was evaluated.

It was established that in all years of research, good ripening of shoots was observed and, as a result, their freezing was not observed. Essential elements of the proposed method effectively inhibited the expansion of parasitic activity of oak powdery mildew. The fact that the spread of the disease and its development during the growing season was significant is evidenced by the materials given in the control. Indeed, the level of spread of the pathogen during four years was 50.2-84.7 Ob, against 36.2 and 49.4 95 in the proposed method. The indicators of the development of the disease in the control over four years of research were at the level of 53.1-64.8 95, in the proposed method 4.3 and 9.2 95, respectively.

Thus, the proposed method makes it possible to effectively suppress the process of expansion of the parasitic activity of Mysgozrpayeta airnioideb5 Sty. - the causative agent of powdery mildew of common oak in young plantations. Undoubtedly, the method is ecological. Its implementation is not accompanied by a negative effect on natural populations of entomophages, powdery mildew hyperparasites and the environment in general.

Evaluative criteria for the effectiveness of methods of suppressing the parasitic activity of Misgozrnayeg aIrpyoidez Spgiy. on the oak

Forms of manifestation annual growth, | Regulation

Absolute floury branches, cm growth 2. Dew conditions, 96 "Effect-

Ways that Years at least vp and are compared | of research | of overwintering temperatures Pervin- Vto- - tivity about the mycelium of the mushroom | Posh- | Expandable | Ripening methods, 96 in winter, "C - not infected"

Method 2014 | 158 | Favorable | 491 | 88 / 64 | 988 | Good | 816 (

2015 and 2016 are offered

And Average -

Method - 2014 Favorable 59.8 11.8 4.8 8.4 uniform 61.3 nearest 2015 | 19.6 | Unfavorable | 672 | 62 | 55 | 86 | Good | 682 analog Y: Average- 2016 Favorable 531 18.3 5.0 81 uniform 56.95

Chemical standard/ 2014 - standard, 2 2015

Mrysek poured Ask | 5) vl) in | for | milking | vvg 2014 | 15.8 | Favorable | 84.7 | 53 | 35 | 45 | Bad | - 2016 | -4.9 | Favorable | 801 | 53.7 | ZL | 42 | Bad | - (no | 715 HER (B HER yushYuyuKhX- | 5 | 22 | 16 | 18 | - | 64 /

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF A USEFUL MODEL The method of inhibiting the expansion of the parasitic activity of Misgozrpayeta airnioide5 Sty. on common oak in young plantations, in which the technological method of sanitary pruning of trees with simultaneous shortening of branch growth is carried out, which differs in that in autumn and at the beginning of winter, in the nursery, detailed sanitary pruning of trees is carried out with shortening of branch growth by 5-6 developed buds, in addition, at the beginning of budding, and after 6-7 days, carry out three receptions of root feeding of seedlings with an aqueous solution of organic fertilizer "Sprout", at the rate of 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0 liters of the working solution per tree, compatible with the immunogenic drug "Immunocytophyt", at the rate of 20 mg per 1 ha, while during the growing season, three root and two root feeding of plants with an aqueous solution of organic Fertilizer "Sprout" at the rate of 1.5; 2.0 and 3.0 kg per plant.